多胎妊娠减胎术的临床应用

目的:分析多胎妊娠早期减胎术的可行性、安全性及对妊娠的影响,决定合适的手术时机、手术方法。方法:多胎妊娠孕妇,于孕早期在腹部B超引导下,将穿刺针选择性进入1～2个胚胎的心管搏动处注射氯化钾,或经阴道B超引导下,将穿刺针选择性进入胚胎心管搏动处,反复抽吸至胎心消失或负压吸出胚胎。结果:84例中78例经阴道减胎术单次成功,6例减胎2次成功。5例经腹胎心注射氯化钾减胎术,60例经阴道抽吸胚胎法,19例经阴道机械破坏法。26例足月剖宫产,10例足月顺产,24例早产,6例早期流产,4例晚期流产,无1例因感染而于术后第3～7天流产,现14例继续妊娠。59例减胎术后为双胎妊娠,25例减胎术后为单胎妊娠。多胎妊娠的减胎术成功率88.1%,总流产率11.9%。已分娩的112个新生儿均健康。结论:超声引导下经阴道多胎妊娠早期选择性减胎术是安全、有效和简便的治疗方法,选择妊娠7～8周经阴道抽吸胚胎法进行效果较好。     

多胎妊娠减胎术23例临床分析

目的分析早期选择性减胎术对妊娠的影响,评价其安全性。方法收集韶关市妇幼保健院生殖中心2010年1月至2012年1月经IVF-ET、ICSI、IUI受孕的多胎妊娠共23例,经减胎处理后,统计其出血率、流产率、早产率、低体重儿出生率。结果除了4例病人仍在孕期,统计术后阴道流血率为21.74%,腹痛发生率为4.35%,术后B超复查保留的胚胎中发生自然减胎率为4.35%,早期流产率为4.35%。晚期流产率为.4.35%。与同期双胎妊娠未减胎者比较无统计学差异。结论在B超引导下多胎妊娠早期选择性减胎术是安全、有效的,可以降低多胎妊娠的并发症,为母婴安全提供更好的保证。     

多胎妊娠早期经阴道B超引导行选择性胚胎减灭术8例临床分析

目的研究多胎妊娠经阴道B超引导行选择性胚胎减灭术（减胎术）的效果。方法对通过辅助生殖技术助孕而发生多胎妊娠的8例患者，经阴道B超引导进行选择性减胎术，观察妊娠结局。结果8例患者中7例减为双胎，1例减为单胎。无一例感染及早期胚胎丢失，减胎成功率达100％，1例在妊娠18周发生胎膜早破流产，减胎术的流产率为12．5％。结论经阴道B超引导行选择性减胎术，其方法简单，成功率较高，并发症少，在临床上有较高的应用价值。     

多胎妊娠选择性减胎术的心理护理

@@@@目的探讨多胎妊娠选择性减胎术的心理护理。方法对43例辅助生殖后多胎妊娠要求减胎的孕妇,在孕早期行经阴道超声引导下选择性减胎术,并进行术前、术中及术后的心理护理。结果术后41例显示双胎或单胎;2例一次减胎未成功,行二次减胎。一次减胎成功率95.3%、二次减胎成功率100%;无感染发生。结论术前、术中及术后严谨、细微的心理护理是完成减胎术的重要保证。     

98例辅助生育多胎妊娠减胎术临床分析

目的 探讨多胎妊娠早期经阴道减胎术的临床价值及妊娠结局的影响因素.方法 回顾性分析多胎妊娠行孕早期经阴道减胎术的98例患者的临床资料,观察妊娠的结局.结果 共减灭107胎,胚胎和胎儿分别为75和32个,减胎成功率100 %.术后流产比例10.2 %.分娩88例,共获活婴165个;平均孕周(37.0±3.2)周; 42.0 %孕周＜37周、58.0 %为足月产.新生儿平均体质量(2505.9±532.1)g.9例患者术后出现宫腔积血,6例术后反复间断少量阴道出血,与无出血组比较,出血组流产率明显增加.结论 对于多胎妊娠,早期经阴道减胎术简单、有效,其妊娠结局与胚胎数目、减胎术的操作及是否出现并发症相关.     

多胎妊娠减胎术12例分析

目的探讨对多胎妊娠在早期进行经阴道胚胎减灭术的效果、安全性和可行性。方法选择在本院不孕症治疗后多胎妊娠的病人12例,于孕49~79(56.4±4.8)d在B超引导下经阴道行胚胎抽吸减胎术,并对其减胎效果、术后流产等因素进行分析。结果9例3胎、2例4胎均减为2胎,1例3胎减为1胎,12例减胎术均一次减胎成功,每胚胎减胎手术时间为5~20(8.87±4.31)min。术后1例因感染发热于手术后20d内保留的两胎相继自然减灭;2例于孕22周、27+周流产,流产率25%。结论在妊娠早期采用B超引导下经阴道胚胎抽吸减胎术,操作较为简单、安全,手术时间短,准确性高,对多胎妊娠进行减胎术是可行的。减胎术成功率较高,但术中术后仍存在出血、感染以及流产的风险。经阴道行减胎术前,应注意做好阴道的准备,以防感染。     

阴道B超引导下多胎妊娠减胎术9例

目的 分析孕早期经阴道B超引导下多胎妊娠减胎术对妊娠结局的影响,并评价其安全性.方法 2009年10月～2010年11月期间本院收治因应用促排卵药物致多胎妊娠9例,于妊娠7周～12周期间行阴道B超引导下多胎妊娠减胎术.结果 6例行胚胎抽吸,3例行胚胎穿刺+胎心处注射氯化钾,均单次减胎成功.1例5胎减为2胎,8例3胎减为2胎.1例减胎后1周难免流产,1例妊娠29周因重度子痫前期行引产术.4例已分娩8个健康新生儿,3例中期妊娠中,B超显示胎儿宫内发育良好.结论 在阴道B超引导下多胎妊娠减胎术是相对安全、有效的,可以作为降低多胎妊娠母儿并发症的补救措施.     

多胎妊娠早期经阴道B超引导行选择性胚胎减灭术8例临床分析

目的研究多胎妊娠经阴道B超引导行选择性胚胎减灭术(减胎术)的效果。方法对通过辅助生殖技术助孕而发生多胎妊娠的8例患者,经阴道B超引导进行选择性减胎术,观察妊娠结局。结果8例患者中7例减为双胎,1例减为单胎。无一例感染及早期胚胎丢失,减胎成功率达100%,1例在妊娠18周发生胎膜早破流产,减胎术的流产率为12.5%。结论经阴道B超引导行选择性减胎术,其方法简单,成功率较高,并发症少,在临床上有较高的应用价值。     

超声引导下经阴道行多胎减胎术37例临床分析

目的 探讨超声引导下经阴道减胎术在早孕期多胎妊娠中的应用、安全性及对妊娠结局的影响。方法 对37例早期妊娠的多胎患者采用机械绞杀、胚胎抽吸、化学减灭方式减灭胚胎,观察术后情况及妊娠结局。结果 37例均1次减胎成功（机械绞杀4例、胚胎抽吸31例、胚胎抽吸＋化学减灭方式2例）,成功率100%;术后未发现长期阴道出血、凝血功能障碍等并发症;减胎后有5例流产,9例早产,15例足月分娩,8例继续妊娠。结论 超声引导下经阴道行减胎术安全、有效,是多胎妊娠的有效补救措施。不同的孕周使用的减胎方法不同,以胚胎抽吸术效果较好。     

多胎妊娠经阴道减胎术的临床应用

<正> 随着诱导排卵药物的广泛使用,以及辅助生殖技术的迅速发展,多胎妊娠发生率明显增加,由此导致妊娠并发症及围产儿死亡率升高,多数学者主张进行必要的医学干预措施。对三胎及三胎以上多胎妊娠在孕早期进行选择性减胎治疗是近15年发展起来的技术。笔者对11例多胎妊娠者,在知情同意下,于孕早期经阴道B超引导行减胎术,效果满意,现报告如下。     

The Importance of Local Data in Unintended Pregnancy Prevention Programming

Objective: Lack of local data on pregnancy intendedness poses a serious problem for those responsible for regional program development and evaluation. This article demonstrates how the Boulder County Health Department addressed this problem by conducting its own assessment. The information gathered served as the basis for collaborative population-based programming and policy development aimed at decreasing unintended pregnancy in the county. Methods: A random-digit-dial telephone survey of 300 men and 300 women was conducted to estimate the prevalence of unintended pregnancy and establish groups at highest risk. Qualitative data regarding the psychosocial and contextual factors associated with unintended pregnancy were gathered in six focus groups conducted with 46 males and females aged 18–28 who had experienced an unintended pregnancy. Results: The prevention strategies identified by the focus group participants lead to the development of locally relevant interventions among specific high-risk populations identified in the telephone survey. Programmatic and policy initiatives included raising awareness among key service providers and the community at large, creative means of bringing information and resources to those at risk, strengthening the delivery of clinical services, and promoting school involvement in unintended pregnancy prevention. Conclusion: Maternal and child health authorities should encourage the collection and use of pregnancy intendedness data at the local level.     

Changes in Intendedness During Pregnancy in a High-Risk Multiparous Population

Objectives: Our objectives were to determine whether pregnancy intendedness changes as the pregnancy progresses and, if so, in what direction. Methods: Intendedness questions similar to those used in the 1988 National Survey of Family Growth were administered in the second trimester of pregnancy (16–18 weeks) and again in the third trimester (30–32 weeks) to a population of 1223 low-income women who were medically at high risk. Information was also collected on characteristics identified in previous studies as being associated with intendedness. Changes in reported intendedness status were categorized as positive if the woman switched from unwanted to mistimed or intended or from mistimed to intended. Changes were categorized as negative if the woman switched from intended to mistimed or unwanted or from mistimed to unwanted. Results: Among the 436 women who reported an intended pregnancy at midpregnancy, 79.1% still reported the pregnancy as intended in late pregnancy, while 15.9% moved to mistimed and 6.4% to unwanted. Of the 601 women who reported a mistimed pregnancy in midpregnancy, 80.9% still reported it as mistimed in late pregnancy, with 13.9% switching to intended and 5.2% switching to unwanted. Of the 186 women who reported an unwanted pregnancy at midpregnancy, 62.9% remained unwanted, 30.7% switched to mistimed, and 6.4% switched to intended. Conclusions: This study indicates that intendedness is not fixed during pregnancy. Between the first and the second administration of the intendedness questions, 275 (22.5%) of the women changed their responses and the larger percentage (12.5%) changed them in a positive direction. These findings have both policy and clinical implications.     

妊娠早期及中孕早期与晚期夫妇焦虑抑郁情绪比较

目的了解早孕期／中孕早期和晚期孕妇及其丈夫的心理健康状况,为开展孕期心理保健提供思路O方法对2010年6月至2011年6月期问在北京妇产医院产科门诊孕早期和中孕早期（8～16周）孕妇及其丈夫263对（早期组）和晚孕期（1〉28周）196对夫妇（晚期组）进行问卷调查和焦虑抑郁量表（HAD）测定。结果对于孕妇而言,晚孕组在焦虑和抑郁水平上都高于早期组,有显著性差异（t值分别为2．06和3．53,均P〈0．05）;对于丈夫而言,早期组和晚孕组在焦虑水平上没有显著差异（t=1．86,P〉0．05）,在抑郁水平上,晚孕组显著高于早期组（t=2．44,P〈0．05）。早期组孕妇的焦虑和抑郁水平均显著高于丈夫（t值分别为2．08和2．17,均P〈0．05）,晚孕组孕妇抑郁水平高于丈夫,有显著性差异（t=3．71,P〈0．05）。孕妇和其丈夫之间在焦虑和抑郁水平上都存在显著相关（尺值分别为0．405和0．371,均P〈0．01）。结论晚孕期孕妇在焦虑和抑郁水平上都高于早期组,孕妇和其丈夫之间在焦虑和抑郁水平上都存在显著相关。     

Successful life navigation by former participants in a group for pregnant and parenting teens

Background: Teen motherhood has negative consequences for mother and child. The Mothers of Mount Sinai (MOMS) Program is a group that assembles weekly and is for pregnant/parenting teens to help them become competent parents, provide job training, and encourage education and reproductive health.

Methods: Former MOMS participants were recruited to complete a survey if they were over 18, and they participated in a summer job training component between 1995 and 2006. The survey included questions about participants' lives at start of MOMS and currently, including education, finances, and pregnancies.

Results: Thirty-one of 77 eligible former participants completed the survey, with mean elapsed time of 10.7 years since starting MOMS. Fifty-eight percent had graduated high school, 81% had graduated high school or obtained a GED, 55% had attended some college, and 13% had graduated college. Twenty-six women (84%) are currently employed with median income in the range of $20,000–35,000. Currently, more women are financially self-sufficient (45%) compared to when they started MOMS (7%) (McNemar chi square p?=?0.000). Eighteen women (58%) received cash assistance when they started MOMS; currently only one does, p?=?0.000. Twenty-three women (74%) did not become pregnant again before 20; only one had 2nd child during her teen years.

Conclusion: Active MOMS participants were shown to have made great advances in education, employment, finances, and delayed 2nd births. These participants were a highly motivated group, which could contribute to a bias in the positive program effect.     

孕期膳食结构对妊娠结局的影响研究

目的探讨孕期膳食结构对妊娠结局的影响,为指导孕期合理膳食提供科学依据。方法选择950例晚期妊娠妇女,对28~39周的膳食结构进行调查,将600例膳食不均的孕产妇为观察组,350例膳食均衡的孕产妇为对照组,采用妊娠妇女健康问卷、膳食调查及营养评定,追踪随访两组孕妇的妊娠结局,比较两组孕妇的膳食结构对母儿影响情况。结果观察组妊娠妇女的膳食结构存在总能量摄入量、蛋白质量、脂肪量不平衡。观察组的剖宫产率、妊娠期合并症(贫血、糖尿病、糖耐量异常、高血压)的发生率、早产、流产、产后出血、胎儿窘迫、胎膜早破、巨大儿、低体重儿、死胎及畸胎发生率均显著高于对照组(P0.05)。结论应重视和改善孕妇孕期营养状况,并根据孕期产妇的个体情况,指导其饮食多样化,合理调节各项营养素的摄入比例,平衡膳食,保证胎儿生命早期的良好营养状况,降低妊娠合并症的发生率。     

输卵管间质部妊娠的早期诊断与价值及治疗进展

异位妊娠也称宫外孕,发病率约2%,是孕产妇死亡原因之一。其中95%为输卵管妊娠,典型的临床表现为停经后腹痛伴阴道出血。输卵管间质部妊娠是一种特殊类型的异位妊娠,临床表现与其他类型异位妊娠无明显差异,但症状出现时间较晚,所以易被忽视,发现后往往孕周偏大,一旦破裂容易出现致命性大出血,后果非常凶险,所以早期诊断及治疗输卵管间质部妊娠对孕产妇的预后至关重要。     

3例少见异位妊娠的病例分析并文献回顾

目的:探讨少见异位妊娠发病相关因素、临床表现、鉴别及治疗方式。方法:回顾分析中日友好医院妇科收治的3例少见异位妊娠患者的病史、辅助检查及诊疗经过并文献复习。结果:各例术前均行手术探查,术中所见及术后病理确诊为少见异位妊娠,治疗后随访血绒毛膜促性腺激素均降至正常范围。结论:临床上对于急诊育龄期妇女均需警惕异位妊娠可能,尽早诊治,减少并发症的出现。     

早孕期血红蛋白水平对妊娠结局的影响

目的评估早孕期血红蛋白(hemoglobin,Hb)水平对妊娠结局的影响。方法回顾性分析2016年1月至2017年5月在暨南大学附属第一医院定期产检和分娩的1306例女性的临床资料,根据Hb水平将其分为3组:低Hb组(Hb<110 g/L,490例),中Hb组(110≤Hb<130 g/L,673例),高Hb组(Hb≥130 g/L,143例)。再将低Hb组分为2个亚组:极低Hb组(Hb≤90 g/L,64例)和较低Hb组(Hb>90 g/L,426例)。分析比较各组的一般资料及妊娠结局。结果3组孕妇的妊娠期高血压疾病发生率、早产率、NICU住院率、产后出血率、分娩孕周、新生儿出生体重、Apgar评分比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。组间比较,中Hb组的分娩孕周、出生体重、1 min Apgar评分均较低Hb组和高Hb组高,高Hb组的妊娠期高血压疾病发生率较低Hb组和中Hb组高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。高Hb组的早产率、NICU住院率较高,低Hb组的产后出血发生率较高。极低Hb组和较低Hb组妊娠期高血压疾病患病率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论Hb水平过高或过低都与不良妊娠结局有关,建议在妊娠期间筛查Hb水平以减少不良妊娠结局,确保母儿平安。     

IVF-ET后发生异位妊娠或宫内外同时妊娠相关因素分析

目的:探讨IVF-ET治疗后发生异位妊娠的相关因素。方法:回顾性分析2006年1～10月在南方医院生殖医学中心行体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)治疗获得临床妊娠并有最终妊娠结局的203例患者的临床资料。结果:输卵管妊娠发生率为2.46%,宫内外同时妊娠的发生率为1.48%。异位妊娠及宫内外同时妊娠的8例患者均为盆腔卵管因素不孕,6例曾行腹腔镜检查及手术。与正常宫内妊娠组相比,女方年龄、基础激素水平(E2、P、LH、FSH和T)、HCG日激素水平(E2、P、LH)、促性腺激素总量、取卵日及HCG日内膜厚度、取卵数均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。异位妊娠组既往异位妊娠次数显著多于宫内妊娠组(P<0.05)。异位妊娠组优良胚胎形成率低于宫内妊娠组,但无显著性差异(P=0.064)。不同移植人员之间的异位妊娠率无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:对于异位妊娠高危患者可以考虑子宫中下段移植和单囊胚移植。异位妊娠的早期诊断非常重要,早期发现宫内外同时妊娠并及早手术,可以将对宫内胎儿的影响减至最低。     

流动人口人工流产前后免疫功能变化的研究

目的探讨流动人口意外妊娠进行人工流产与药物流产前后免疫功能的变化。方法选取200例自愿到本院采取人工方法中止意外妊娠的育龄期流动人口为研究对象,随机分为人工流产组100例,药物流产组100例,取同期入院中止意外妊娠的育龄期固定人口100例做对照组。分别对三组病人中止意外妊娠前3天和中止意外妊娠后的7天进行血清免疫球蛋白IgA、IgG、IgM及TNF—a测定。结果三组患者的术后血清免疫球蛋白IgA、IgG及IgM值较术前均降低（P〈0．05）,其中对照组的血清免疫球蛋白恢复较其他两组快（P〈0．05）,TNF—a在三组中均呈现先升高再降低的变化（p〈0．05）。结论人工流产与药物流产两种方法中止意外妊娠,都将降低着机体免疫力。流动人口育龄妇女免比固定人口育龄妇女疫力恢复要慢。在临床实际工作中,要加强对流动人口中育龄女性的关爱,加强生殖健康知识的教育,将防范意外妊娠的关口前移。