充血性心力衰竭患者24h血压监测结果分析

为了探讨充血性心力衰竭（ＣＨＦ）对２４ｈ血压的影响，我们分析了４１例ＣＨＦ患者２４ｈ血压，并与５１例心功能正常的患者做对比研究。结果显示所有病人的血压均呈昼高夜低的杓形变化，心衰组昼夜血压差（昼夜收缩压差＋昼夜舒张压差）显著小于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１），其２４ｈ平均收缩压和舒张压以及白天和夜间的平均收缩压和舒张压亦明显低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结果提示ＣＨＦ患者２４ｈ血压幅度和昼夜血压波动均小于心功能正常的患者。     

充血性心力衰竭患者24h血压监测结果分析

为了探讨充血性心力衰竭（ＣＨＦ）对２４ｈ血压的影响，我们分析了４１例ＣＨＦ患者２４ｈ血压，并与５１例心功能正常的患者做对比研究。结果显示所有病人的血压均呈昼高夜低的杓形变化，心衰组昼夜血压差（昼夜收缩压差＋昼夜舒张压差）显著小于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０１），其２４ｈ平均收缩压和舒张压以及白天和夜间的平均收缩压和舒张压亦明显低于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０１）。结果提示ＣＨＦ患者２４ｈ血压幅度和昼夜血压波动均小于心     

老年高血压病患者血压节律与靶器官损害的相关性

目的探讨老年高血压病患者血压节律变化与心、脑、肾等靶器官损害的相关性。方法观察高血压病血压节律正常（杓型组）和异常（非杓型组）２组老年患者各３８例的临床资料。结果组间在体重指数、偶测血压、白昼平均收缩压等无显著差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）；非杓型组２４ｈ平均收缩压和舒张压、白昼平均舒张压、夜间平均收缩压和舒张压、收缩压和舒张压负荷值较杓型组升高（Ｐ＜０．０５～０．０１）；左室重量和左室重量指数显著增加（Ｐ＜０．０５，０．０１）；无症状腔隙性脑梗塞的个数及发病率均高于后者（Ｐ均＜０．０５）；无痛性心肌缺血次数增多，总持续时间延长（Ｐ＜０．０１，０．０５）；尿蛋白检出率亦高于后者（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论血压昼夜节律消失较节律正常的高血压病患者有更显著的靶器官损害。     

高血压病患者动态血压与左心功能相关关系的研究

目的观察收缩压、舒张压分别对左室收缩及舒张功能的不同影响。方法应用诊所血压、２４小时动态血压监测及超声心动图，观察３８例Ⅰ、Ⅱ期高血压病患者血压与左室心肌质量、左室收缩及舒张功能的相关关系。结果２４小时及白天平均收缩压及诊所收缩压均与舒张早期充盈峰值流速（ＥＰＦＶ）呈负相关（Ｐ值均＜００５），２４小时、白天及夜间平均舒张压均与年龄呈负相关（Ｐ值均＜０．０５），与舒张功能各参数之间无相关关系，诊所收缩压与年龄、心房收缩期充盈峰值流速（ＡＰＦＶ）呈正相关（Ｐ＜０．００１及０．０５），夜间平均收缩压及诊所收缩压与左室心肌质量指数呈正相关（Ｐ＜０．０１及０．０５）。而２４小时平均收缩压、白天平均收缩压、２４小时平均舒张压、白天及夜间平均舒张压则均与左室心肌质量指数无明显相关关系。结论２４小时平均收缩压是影响左室舒张功能的重要因素之一，２４小时平均舒张压与左室舒张功能无相关关系。夜间平均收缩压增高是导致左心室肥厚的重要因素之一。随年龄增长，收缩压增高，舒张压下降     

高血压伴颈动脉粥样硬化患者动态血压监测的意义

对１０８例原发性高血压患者应用彩色超声心动图检查颈动脉形态，并结合２４小时动态血压监测（ＡＢＰＭ），观察颈动脉粥样硬化（ＣＡＳ）与动态血压的关系。结果显示：ＣＡＳ组夜间收缩压和舒张压负荷值明显高于颈动脉正常组（Ｐ值均＜０．０１）；日间收缩压和舒张压负荷值及２４小时平均收缩压和舒张压两组比较亦有显著性差异（Ｐ值均＜０．０５）；ＣＡＳ组的血压昼夜节律紊乱检出率（６２．５％）显著高于颈动脉正常组（３７．５％）（Ｐ＜０．０１）；两组偶测血压相近（Ｐ值均＞０．０５）。表明ＣＡＳ与动态血压均值、血压负荷值及血压昼夜节律紊乱密切相关，其中以夜间血压负荷的持续时间及昼夜节律消失的关系为明显，提示在高血压患者预测高血压性脑血管损害方面，动态血压优于偶测血压。     

高血压患者左室肥厚及主动脉根内径与动态血压的关系

目的探讨ＡＢＰ与左室后壁厚度（ＬＶＰＷＴ），室间膈厚度（ＩＶＳＴ）及主动脉内径（ＡＯＤ）之间的联系。方法对８８例原发性高血压患者应用超声心动图及动态血压计同时测定其ＬＶＰＷＴ、ＩＶＳＴ、ＡＯＤ及动态血压各参数值。结果左室肥厚（ＬＶＰＷＴ或／和ＩＶＳ）者５０例，主动脉根扩张者６０例。相关分析显示ＬＶＰＷＴ、ＬＶＳＴ及ＡＯＤ、动态血压各参数平均值呈显著正相关（Ｐ＜０．０５），其中与２４ｈ平均收缩压、最高收缩压及夜间平均收缩压相关最密切（Ｐ＜０．０１），此外ＬＶＰＷＴ，ＩＶＳＴ及ＡＯＤ与２４ｈ最高收缩压与最低收缩压之差（ΔＡＢＰｓ）及２４ｈ最高舒张压与最低舒张压之差（ΔＡＢＰｓ）亦呈正相关（Ｐ＜０．０５），其中与ΔＡＢＰｓ相比更密切（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论血压波动性是左室肥厚及主动脉根内径的影响因素。     

高血压患者血压昼夜变化,微循环变化的关联

目的探讨高血压病（ＥＨ）患者的血压昼夜变化、甲皱微循环变化特点。方法以３０例年龄相当，血压正常的健康者作对照组我们观察了６７例高血压病（ＥＨ）患者的血压昼夜变化、甲皱微循环变化。结果发现高血压病组白天与夜间收缩压与舒张压变异明显低于正常对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。甲皱微循环观察结果显示，高血压病组微循环的管襻形态、血流流态、襻周状态积分值及其总积分值明显高于正常对照组。相关分析结果显示：正常对照组甲皱微循环总积分值仅与年龄呈弱相关，ｒ＝０．３７５，Ｐ＜０．０５。高血压组除年龄外其他血压参数均与总积分值呈显著性相关（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论高血压病患者血压昼夜的变化较正常对照组小，且微循环改变明显。昼夜血压水平与微循环恶化改变的发生发展起重要的作用     

Ⅱ型糖尿病患者的动态血压观察

对３１例Ⅱ型糖尿病患者（其中糖尿病肾病组１６例，糖尿病无肾病组１５例）进行２４ｈ动态血压观察。结果提示：Ⅱ型糖尿病不论有否合并肾病，２４ｈ平均收缩压（２４ｈＳＢＰ）、白昼平均收缩压（ｄＳＢＰ）、夜间平均收缩压（ｎＳＢＰ）均显著高于对照组（Ｐ均＜０．０１）；糖尿病肾病组的ｎＳＢＰ／ｄＳＢＰ和ｎＤＢＰ／ｄＤＢＰ均显著高于对照组（Ｐ均＜０．０１）；糖尿病肾病组的ｎＳＢＰ、ｎＳＢＰ／ｄＳＢＰ和ｎＤＢＰ／ｄＤＢｐ均显著高于糖尿病无肾病组（Ｐ均＜０．０５）。Ⅱ型糖尿病患者ＡＢＰＭ主要表现为收缩期血压增高，而且在糖尿病肾病患者中，夜间血压下降不明显，失去了血压的正常昼夜节律变化。结果提示血压超负荷时间延长可能是糖尿病肾病发生和发展的因素之一。     

原发性高血压病患者血压昼夜节律的临床意义探讨

目的 探讨原发性高血压病患者昼夜血压均值波动的节律与临床意义。方法 ９２例原发性高血压病人分成三组,单纯收缩压增高组（ＩＳＨ）３６例,收缩压和舒张压均增高认定为混合组（ＭＤＨ）,共３１例,二组均除外心,脑,肾损害。高血压合并左心室肥大（ＬＶＨ）组２５例。２０例正常个体为对照组,仪器采用美国Ｓｐａｃｅｌａｂｓ ９０２０７无创性携带式血压监测仪,获取２４小时平均收缩压（２４ｈＳＢＰ０和舒张压（２４ｈＤ     

可乐定透皮控释贴片降压疗效观察

目的用２４ｈ动态血压监测方法评价可乐定透皮控释贴片（Ｃ－ＴＴＳ）的降压疗效。方法轻中度原发性高血压患者１５例，平均年龄５２．１±８．４岁。用安慰剂贴片２周后，改用一贴Ｃ－ＴＴＳ（含量２．５ｍｇ／片，面积２．２７ｃｍ２，日释放量０．１ｍｇ），７天更换贴片。结果６例患者仅用一贴Ｃ－ＴＴＳ血压降至目标血压，１２例患者使用１～３贴血压得到控制，总有效率为８０％。治疗后白天、夜间及２４ｈ平均舒张压均明显降低（Ｐ＜０．０５）；白天、夜间及２４ｈ的收缩压和舒张压负荷明显降低（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论Ｃ－ＴＴＳ能降低２４ｈ血压，作用时间可达７天，治疗依从性好。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.