超声心动图评价右心室功能的价值

右心室功能是心脏疾病的一项重要指标。临床中,二维超声已经用于右心室功能的评价。一些新的技术包括组织多普勒、应变率成像、实时三维超声和造影剂超声可以进一步加强对右心室功能的评价。     

超声心动图评估慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者的右心室收缩功能改变

目的分析并探讨超声心动图评估慢性阻塞性肺疾病(简称慢阻肺)患者的右心室收缩功能改变。方法选取2013年01月-2014年01月,来我院接受治疗的慢阻肺患者40例,以及健康自愿者40例为对照组。检测并对比患者与对照组肺功能指标与右心室收缩功能指标,分析肺功能指标与右心室收缩功能指标相关性。结果慢阻肺组Ⅲ级、IV级各项肺功能指标与对照组相比有显著差异(P0.05),慢阻肺组Ⅱ级VC与对照组相比无显著差异(P0.05),其他指标与对照组相比有显著差异(P0.05)。慢阻肺组IV级心功能EDV、EF、SV指标低于对照组,有显著差异(P0.05),ESV无显著差异(P0.05);慢阻肺组Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级各项指标与对照组相比,无显著差异(P0.05)。相关性分析结果显示,FEV1指标与FEV1/FVC指标和慢阻肺患者右心室功能指标有相关性(r=0.719,r=0.703)。结论超声心动图对于评估慢阻肺疾病患者右心室收缩功能有一定临床作用,且右心室收缩功能与肺功能指标有显著相关性。     

超声心动图评价右室收缩功能

超声心动图评价右室收缩功能昆明市延安医院云南省昆明心胸外科研究中心陈明综述陈圣邦审校正确评估右室收缩功能对了解心脏的生理及病理生理变化有重要意义。随着超声心动图技术的发展，人们已能应用超声手段估测右室功能，为心血管临床提供有关右室泵血状况的资料。曾有...     

肺高压患者右心室功能的超声心动图评价

肺高压是一类以肺小动脉血管重构为特征的恶性肺血管疾病,往往由于肺血管阻力(pulmonary vascular resistance,PVR)进行性升高并最终导致患者右心衰竭而死亡[1],其中右心室的评估是判断疾病严重程度和预后的关键。超声心动图作为一种应用广、价格低的无创技术,可以通过右心室形态学变化、左右心室相互影响、右心室收缩功能变化等指标直接或间接反映右心室功能。本文详细介绍超声心动图     

超声心动图在右心室收缩功能评价中的研究进展

<正>右心室收缩功能的定量评估对疾病的治疗及预后判断均有着重要的价值,目前应用超声心动图技术评估右心室收缩功能已成为国内外研究的崭新领域。从三尖瓣环平面收缩位移(TAPSE)、心肌做功指数(MPI)、右心室面积变化率(RVFAC),到组织多谱勒技术(TDI)、实时三维超声心动图技术(RT-3DE),评估右心室收缩功能的超声心动图技术正日益完善及多样化。本文将对上述技术的进展进行综述。     

彩色多普勒超声心动图评估老年房间隔缺损患者右心室形态及收缩功能的价值

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声心动图(CDE)对老年房间隔缺损(ASD)患者右心室形态及收缩功能的评估价值。方法超声科收治的60例老年ASD患者为ASD组,根据不同的肺动脉收缩压(PASP)将ASD患者分为无肺动脉高压患者(PASP<35 mm Hg,低压组)29例和肺动脉高压患者(PASP>35 mm Hg,高压组)31例,并选取该院同期体检正常的成人志愿者30例作为对照组。使用实时三维超声心动图(RT-3DE)对研究对象的右心室形态及收缩功能进行检测和分析,分析参数包括:右心室舒张末期内径(RVDD)、右心室舒张末期容积(RVEDV)、右心室收缩末期容积(RVESV)、右心室每搏量(RVSV)、右心室射血分数(RVEF)。结果 ASD组RVDD、RVEDV、RVESV及RVSV均显著高于对照组,而RVEF显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。高压组RVDD、RVEDV、RVESV、RVSV显著高于低压组和对照组,RVEF显著低于低压组和对照组,高压组ASD最大直径显著高于低压组(P<0.05),低压组RVDD、RVEDV、RVESV、RVSV及RVEF与对照组比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。经Pearson相关分析显示,ASD患者RVEF与患者ASD最大直径、RVDD、RVEDV、RVESV呈负相关(r=-0.387,-0.352,-0.226,-0.302;P=0.015,0.000,0.012,0.023),与RVSV无相关性(r=0.182,P=0.253)。结论 RT-3DE对老年ASD患者的右心室形态及收缩功能评估具有高准确性。     

应用超声心动图评价肺动脉压未升高的阻塞型睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者右心室功能的价值

目的 探讨中重度阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征( OSAHS)患者右心室功能变化,为临床诊断及治疗提供参考依据。方法 选择2015年2月至2017年6月我院收治的62例经多导睡眠监测诊断中重度OSAHS患者作为病例组,并选择同时期有打鼾症状但未达到OSAHS诊断标准的患者36例作为对照组,分别接受常规超声心动图及组织多普勒(TDI)检查。比较两组心脏超声常规参数、右心室面积变化率、左室心肌应变及应变率、左右室Tei指数等。结果 病例组二尖瓣E峰减速时间（EDT）较对照组延长(286.8±76ms.1 253.8±60.5ms,P＜0.05)。病例组右心室方面右室面积变化分数(RVFAC)（43.2±13.1,44.9±10.2）和三尖瓣环收缩期位移（TAPSE）（18.7±3.5mm,20.0±3.3mm）、右心室Tei指数（RVTei）（0.597±0.12,0.36±0.08）高于对照组(P＜0.05),且RVTei与年龄呈正相关趋势(相关系数：0.521,P＜0.05)。结论 中重度OSAHS患者的肺动脉压未出现明显增高时,左心室舒张功能及右心室功能出现减退,值得临床重视。     

超声心动图评估右心室舒张功能的研究进展

正由于右心室是一个不规则的几何体,室壁薄,肌小梁粗大,心内膜不光滑,且流入道与流出道不在同一平面上,因此造成了右心室收缩力弱,后负荷小,顺应性较大的生理特点。独特的解剖位置和复杂的形态学特点,使得人们对于右心室的功能评价远少于左心室,右心室曾一度被称为被遗忘的心室。然而,许多心脏疾病如充血性心力衰竭、心律失常、以及心脏猝死在影响左心功能的同时右心功能也受到不同程度的影响。而右心室舒张功能又是构成总体右心功能的     

Evaluation of right ventricular regional volume and systolic function in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension using three-dimensional echocardiography

Objective: To evaluate right ventricular (RV) regional volume and systolic function in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) using real time three‐dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE), and to explore the relationship between parameters measured by RT3DE and right heart catheterization (RHC). Methods: RT3DE images were acquired from 24 patients with PAH and 27 normal controls for evaluation and analysis to obtain RV regional end‐diastolic volume (EDV), end‐systolic volume (ESV), ejection fraction (EF) in three compartments (inflow, body, and outflow). Conventional echocardiographic parameters were calculated and recorded. RHC was performed in 17 patients to obtain pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR). Results: RV regional EDV and ESV were significantly higher while regional EF was significantly lower in the PAH patients when compared with controls (P < 0.001). In the PAH group, EDV was similar in the inflow and body compartment, both higher than that in the outflow compartment (P < 0.05); EF was the highest in the inflow compartment and the lowest in the body compartment (P < 0.05). RV regional EF in the inflow compartment and global EF were negatively correlated with PASP (r =–0.766, –0.816, P < 0.001) and PVR (r =–0.529, –0.656, P < 0.05). Conclusions: In patients with PAH, RV regional volume was enlarged and systolic function was impaired with distinct characteristics; regional EF in the inflow compartment and global EF were inversely correlated with PASP and PVR. Evaluation of RV regional systolic function using RT3DE may play a potential role in the noninvasive assessment of the severity of PAH. (Echocardiography 2012;29:706‐712)     

Left ventricular function in children with the Marfan syndrome

Aortic dilatation and heart valve lesions are common in theMarfan syndrome but whether primary alterations occur in leftventricular (LV) function has not been studied hitherto. LVsize, mass and systolic as well as diastolic function were studiedby M-mode and Doppler echocardiography and cine magnetic resonanceimaging in 22 Marfan children aged 3.0–15.4 years andin 22 age-matched healthy children. No child had significantvalve disease. Heart rate and systolic blood pressure were comparablein the groups but diastolic blood pressure was higher in thecontrols (67 ± 7 mmHg vs 62 ± 8 mmHg, P=0.030).No statistically significant differences were found in LV size,mass or systolic function. The Marfan children had slower LVpeak diameter lengthening rates (106 ± 27 mm s^–1vs 132 ± 29 mm. s^–1, P=0.004), prolonged relaxationtimes (155 ± 22 ms vs 140 ± 19ms, P=0.023), slowerdeceleration of the early transmitral velocity (580 ±144 cm.s^–2 vs 720 ± 160 cm. s^–2, P=0.006),and smaller early-to-late peak velocity ratios (1.99 ±0.40 vs 2.29 ± 0.46, P=0.031). These data indicate thatI.V early diastolic function (relaxation) is impaired in theMarfan syndrome. Weakened elastic recoil due to the underlyingconnective tissue abnormality may best explain this novel observation.     

The role of advanced echocardiography and cardiovascular magnetic resonance in the assessment of myocardial function in Marfan syndrome—An update

Cardiovascular assessment of patients with Marfan syndrome has normally focused on the aortic root and vascular manifestations of the disease due to the high risk of aortic dissection. Although primary myocardial impairment has long been suspected in these patients, the evidence has been controversial. Advanced echocardiography and cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging have proven to be effective, accurate, and more sensitive in the detection of subtle cardiac dysfunction. The application of these techniques to Marfan syndrome over the last 10 years has made significant progress in demonstrating the presence of primary myocardial impairment in these patients, but further work is still required to obtain confirmatory molecular, pathophysiological, and prognostic clinical data. Phenotypic expression of the disease has prognostic value, also suggesting potential effective medical therapy.     

Assessment of right ventricular systolic function using tricuspid annular-plane systolic excursion in Nigerians with systemic hypertension

Aim

Right ventricular (RV) systolic function in patients with hypertensive heart disease (HHD) is not well characterised. The primary aim of this study was to assess the systolic function of the right ventricle in patients with HHD using tricuspid annular-plane systolic excursion (TAPSE).

Methods

The study was cross-sectional in design and carried out in Kano, Nigeria. Patients were recruited if they had HHD on echocardiography and were at least 15 years of age. Patients with other cardiac pathologies such as ischaemic and valvular heart diseases were excluded. Patients were considered to have abnormal RV systolic function if they had reduced values of TAPSE (< 15 mm). A p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

A total of 186 patients were serially recruited over seven months. Of these, 131 (70.4%) had normal RV systolic function (group 1) and 55 patients (29.6%) had abnormal function (group 2). Group 2 patients were older (p = 0.002) and had a higher prevalence of peripheral oedema (p = 0.002), moderate to severe dyspnoea, higher heart rate and lower left ventricular ejection fraction (p < 0.001). Atrial arrhythmias were also more prevalent among group 2 patients (p < 0.05). The best correlate to TAPSE was the septal mitral annularplane systolic excursion (r = +0.541, p < 0.001). Several variables such as age predicted the presence of reduced TAPSE.

Conclusion

The study found that almost one-third of patients with HHD in Kano had RV systolic dysfunction as defined by reduced TAPSE, and these patients had a greater prevalence of factors associated with morbidity and mortality.     

右心室不同部位起搏对左心室收缩功能的影响

目的:比较右心室心尖(RVA)及流出道间隔部(RVOT-S)起搏对左心室收缩功能的影响,探讨合理的右心室起搏部位。方法:自2007年8月~2009年12月,36例左室收缩功能正常的完全性房室传导阻滞患者,随机纳入RVA和RVOT-S起搏组,起搏器植入12月后分别测定左室射血分数(LVEF),左室收缩末容量(LVESV),主动脉瓣口速度时间积分(VTI),主动脉与肺动脉瓣开放时间差(QAO-QP),房颤负荷(AFb),自动模式转换(AMS),血浆脑钠尿肽原(NT-proBNP)变化,QRS波宽度,比较两组的差别。结果:起搏12月后RVOT-S组LVEF及VTI明显高于RVA组(均P<0.05);LVESV,QAO-QP,NT-BNP,AFb,AMS及QRS波宽度明显低于RVA组(均P<0.05)。结论:与RVOT-S组相比,RVA长期起搏可导致明显左右心室间以及左室内收缩不同步及左室重构,减低左心室收缩功能,对心室依赖起搏患者应首选RVOT-S为心室电极植入部位。     

应用超声评价各类心脏病心衰患者左心收缩功能的临床价值

本文应用二维超声心动图对各类心脏病所致的心力衰竭患者与正常对照组进行左室收缩功能的测定，并计算左房大小与心衰程度的关系。结果表明心衰组患者左室射血分数（ＥＦ）和面积缩小分数（ＦＡ）明显低于正常对照组（Ｐ＜０．００１），是评价左室心肌收缩功能敏感的指标，而每搏量及心排血量对评价心衰则相对不敏感。ＥＦ、ＦＡ与左房测值均呈负相关（ｒ分别为－０．６１和－０．６０），且左房增大的幅度与心衰程度有关（Ｆ＝６．８３４，Ｐ＜０．００１）．提示左房测值可作为在心衰竭的敏感指标。     

超声心动图评价高龄高血压患者左心室收缩与舒张功能

目的探讨超声心动图各指标评估高龄老年高血压患者左心室不同构型的收缩与舒张功能的临床价值。方法将高龄老年原发性高血压患者153例,按Ganau法分为4组:正常构型组(47例)、向心性重构型组(35例)、向心性肥厚型组(33例)和离心性肥厚型组(38例);另选无心肺疾病的患者65例为正常对照组。超声心动图测量舒张末期室间隔厚度(IVS)、左心室后壁厚度(LVPW)、左心室内径(LVEDD)、二尖瓣血流频谱图舒张早期与晚期血流峰值比(E/A)、LVEF及Tei指数。结果正常对照组及以上4组E/A均<1;离心性肥厚型组LVEF明显降低(P<0.05),正常构型组、向心性重构型组、向心性肥厚型组比较无显著差异;以上4组Tei指数与正常对照组比较差异有显著性意义(P<0.05),但4组间比较无显著差异,Tei指数和E/A无相关性,Tei指数和LVEF呈负相关(r为-0.594,P<0.001)。结论Tei指数较E/A及LVEF更能全面评价高龄老年高血压患者心脏的收缩和舒张功能。     

超声二维应变成像技术在评价甲状腺功能亢进患者右室纵向收缩功能中的运用

目的:应用超声二维应变成像技术评价甲状腺功能亢进(甲亢)患者右室纵向收缩功能。方法:根据甲亢的临床症状和相关辅助检查分为单纯性甲亢组(43例)和甲亢性心脏病组(20例),正常对照组33例。经胸采集并存贮3个心动周期标准心尖四腔二维图像,运用EchoPAC超声工作站进行脱机分析,在二维应变的模式下,测量右室游离壁和室间隔右室面基底段、中间段及心尖段6个节段的纵向收缩期峰值应变和右室整体收缩峰值应变值,并比较各收缩期峰值应变在3组间的差异。同时测量并分析右室舒张末横径(RVED)、右室射血分数(RVEF)、右室面积变化率(RVPCA)及三尖瓣环收缩期峰值速度(TVSPV)等指标与右室整体收缩峰值应变的相关性。结果:甲亢性心脏病组右室游离壁及室间隔基底段、中间段、心尖段及右室整体的收缩期峰值应变较正常对照组和单纯性甲亢组均显著减低,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001);单纯性甲亢组右室游离壁及室间隔基底段、中间段、心尖段及右室整体的收缩期峰值应变较正常对照组稍减低,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);RVED、RVEF、RVPCA及TVSPV与右室整体收缩期峰值应变均具有良好的相关性(r分别为=-0.355、0.3...