主动脉瓣成形术治疗主动脉瓣反流的现状及进展

主动脉瓣成形术（aortic valve repair, AVr）保留了自体瓣膜结构的完整,具有良好的血流动力学指标,无需长期抗凝治疗,免除了人工瓣膜昂贵的经济负担,以及术后较低的瓣膜相关并发症,使得这项技术被广泛接受。AVr适合任何年龄的患者,尤其有利于青少年、孕妇及老年患者。本文将AVr治疗AI（aortic insufficiency, AI）的现状及进展做一综述。     

升主动脉夹层并发主动脉瓣关闭不全3例外科治疗

主动脉夹层多由主动脉内膜突然撕裂,血液冲入主动脉壁,分开其中层形成夹层血肿所致,过去也称为主动脉夹层动脉瘤,主动脉夹层并发主动脉关闭不全,临床上较为少见,本文报告3例并就其外科治疗进行分析.     

基层医院床旁经胸超声心动图在A型主动脉夹层的应用研究

目的 分析县级医院床旁经胸超声心动图在Stanford A型主动脉夹层的临床应用价值。方法 提取分析2020年9月至2022年6月于莱州市人民医院就诊并于术中证实为Stanford A型主动脉夹层的32例患者的临床资料,观察术前床旁经胸超声心动图检查结果,观察主动脉瓣反流情况及对手术方式选择的影响,观察术后死亡患者和生存患者术前升主动脉根部内径、主动脉瓣反流情况、有无心包积液、左室收缩功能有无减低。结果 术前床旁经胸超声心动图对A型主动脉夹层的检出率为87.5%,术前床旁超声提示明显主动脉瓣反流者18例,手术方式大部分需要Bentall或主动脉窦成型术,死亡患者与生存患者相比,术前超声提示主动脉瓣反流情况差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,性别、年龄、高血压、升主动脉根部内径、心包积液量和左室收缩功能差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 目前县级医院床旁经胸超声心动图对A型主动脉夹层检出率较高,彩色多普勒对主动脉瓣反流情况的观察可为临床选择手术方式提供依据并对手术结局的判断有预测价值。     

仿“Z”字主动脉窦部成形技术在急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层中的应用

目的：评估仿“Z”字主动脉窦部成形技术在急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层中的临床疗效;方法：回顾性分析自2014年9月至2018年12月在武汉亚洲心脏病医院大血管中心共收治急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层412例,其中入组125例,包含主动脉瓣重度关闭不全患者60例。男性80例,女性45例;年龄 30-77岁,平均年龄（51.9±9.37）岁。该组患者根部处理均应用仿“Z”字主动脉窦部成形技术,远端半主动脉弓置换15例,全主动脉弓置换110例。全主动脉弓置换患者均置入“象鼻”支架。结果：全组体外循环时间（170±41.2）min;主动脉阻断时间（130.1±30.6）min;深低温停循环时间（25.1±5.9）min。术后随访1.5月—4.3年,术后所有患者主动脉瓣返流程度均为0-1级。 术后经食道超声检查即刻主动窦部残余夹层3例,分别随访1.5年、2.5年和3.0年,未形成动脉瘤,主动脉窦部直径分别为4.3cm、4.2cm和4.5cm。余患者随访期间未发现因主动脉瓣返流及窦部情况再次手术。结论;仿“Z”字主动脉窦部成形技术在急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层中的临床疗效较好,手术操作简单、易掌握、安全有效、易开展。尤其在合并主动脉瓣反流的患者中,避免了换瓣手术,缩短了手术时间,提高了患者的生活质量。     

David-Ⅰ手术治疗主动脉夹层合并主动脉瓣反流

目的:总结David-Ⅰ手术治疗主动脉夹层合并主动脉瓣反流的临床经验。方法:回顾性分析2005-2010年我科收治的9例主动脉夹层合并主动脉瓣反流患者行David-Ⅰ手术的临床资料。其中急诊手术2例,余7例为常规择期手术;术前心功能Ⅰ级7例,Ⅲ级2例;术前心脏超声测定主动脉瓣轻度反流6例,中度2例,重度1例;术前心脏超声、16排螺旋CT测定主动脉瓣瓣环7例轻度扩张,2例无扩张;9例全部行David-Ⅰ手术。结果:术后患者死亡1例,其余8例康复出院。手术体外循环时间(206.3±11.1)min,阻断时间(141.3±11.2)min。术后随访(12.8±1.0)个月,8例康复出院患者心功能均为Ⅰ级;术后主动脉瓣无反流5例,轻度反流3例。随访心脏超声发现8例患者均无瓣环扩张,无患者需二次换瓣治疗。结论:对主动脉夹层合并主动脉瓣反流者,可优先采用保留主动脉瓣的主动脉根部替换术。     

主动脉瓣病变合并升主动脉扩张主动脉成形术后疗效分析

目的探讨主动脉瓣病变合并升主动脉扩张患者升主动脉成形术后的中期疗效。方法入选主动脉瓣病变合并升主动脉扩张患者34例,在全麻下行主动脉瓣置换同时行升主动脉成形术并对升主动脉应用人工血管外包裹,采用超声心动图测量手术前、出院前及随访（3～60）月的升主动脉直径,以观察升主动脉成形术后的中期疗效。结果围手术期无患者死亡。出院时升主动脉直径较术前减少[（29.4±5.1）mmvs.（46.2±7.2）mm,P〈0.05]。术后随访3～60个月,升主动脉直径（30.3±5.2）mm,较出院时无统计学差异（P〉0.05）。结论对于主动脉瓣病变合并升主动脉扩张的患者,升主动脉成形术同时应用人工血管外包裹的手术中期治疗效果良好。     

主动脉球囊反搏泵在A型主动脉夹层术后循环衰竭患者中的应用

目的 探讨A型主动脉夹层患者术后发生循环衰竭时应用主动脉球囊反搏(IABP)治疗的安全性及有效性.方法 选择2018年6月至2020年10月于新疆医科大学第一附属医院收治A型主动脉夹层患者128例,对其中9例术后发生循环衰竭并应用IABP救治的患者临床资料进行回顾性分析,探讨IABP在夹层术后患者中应用的可行性.结果 ...     

自体心包主动脉窦成形术治疗急性A型主动脉夹层累及窦部患者的近期疗效分析

目的：评价自体心包主动脉窦成形术治疗急性A型主动脉夹层累及窦部患者的近期疗效。方法：纳入2021年4月至2022年2月期间在中国医学科学院阜外医院深圳医院接受自体心包主动脉窦成形术的18例急性A型主动脉夹层累及窦部患者,其中男性16例、女性2例,平均年龄（58.17±16.06）岁。对患者临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果：全部患者无围术期死亡。术中体外循环时间（229.22±56.88）min,主动脉阻断时间（170.44±48.21）min,深低温停循环时间（20.06±4.72）min。术后机械通气时间（78.29±100.45）h,术后重症监护病房停留时间（220.55±162.46）h,术后住院时间（23.88±7.65）d。平均随访（4.56±3.42）个月,1例患者术后6个月死于严重肺部感染。术前、术后出院前、随访中主动脉窦部直径分别为（38.47±2.80）mm、（36.20±3.28）mm、（36.00±3.27）mm,三者间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。术后出院前、随访中主动脉窦部均无夹层残留。术前主动脉瓣大量反流1例、中大量反流2例、中量反流1例、少中量反流1...     

主动脉瓣成形术治疗小儿先心病并主动脉瓣关闭不全

主动脉瓣膜成形术（AVP）是目前治疗主动脉瓣反流（AR）的重要手段，特别适应于小儿、老年人及孕妇患者。目前对先天性心脏病引起的AR主要是应用AVP，近中期疗效满意。但由于先心病AR原因多样，有瓣叶脱垂、畸形、发育不良，瓣环扩大，因此需采取相适宜成形术才能取得满意效果。本研究总结28例不同AVP治疗主动脉瓣中-重度反流手术体会及近中期效果，探讨手术方法以提高AVP的临床疗效。     

保留主动脉瓣主动脉根部替换术的临床应用评价

目的评价保留自身主动脉瓣的主动脉根部替换的可行性和疗效。方法自1998年1月至2004年9月,对我院24例主动脉病变导致主动脉瓣关闭不全但瓣膜本身无明显异常的患者,实施了保留主动脉瓣的主动脉根部替换术,并术后随访观察主动脉瓣反流和心功能改善情况。结果全组无住院死亡。除1例仍为中度反流外,术后主动脉瓣反流均明显改善。随访中有2例非手术相关死亡,无主动脉瓣反流需再次手术者。全组心功能恢复满意。结论主动脉根部替换手术时,对由于主动脉根部瘤或升主动脉瘤导致的主动脉瓣反流者,可优选采用保留主动脉瓣的主动脉根部替换术。     

Balloon aortic valvuloplasty for severe aortic stenosis as a bridge to transcatheter/surgical aortic valve replacement

Objectives : This study aimed to determine success‐ and complication rates after balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV) and the outcome of BAV as a standalone therapy versus BAV as a bridge to transcatheter/surgical aortic valve replacement (T/SAVR). Background : The introduction of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has led to a revival in BAV as treatment for patients with severe aortic stenosis. Methods : A cohort of 472 patients underwent 538 BAV procedures. The cohort was divided into two groups: BAV alone 387 (81.9%) and BAV as a bridge 85 (18.1%) to (n = 65, TAVR; n = 20, surgery). Clinical, hemodynamic, and follow‐up mortality data were collected. Results : There was no significant difference between the two groups in mean age (81.7 ± 8.3 vs. 83.2 ± 10.9 years, P = 0.18), society of thoracic surgeons score (13.1 ± 6.2 and 12.4 ± 6.4, P = 0.4), logistic EuroSCORE (45.4 ± 22.3 vs. 46.9 ± 21.8, P = 0.43), and other comorbidities. The mean increase in aortic valve area was 0.39 ± 0.25 in the BAV alone group and 0.42 ± 0.26 in the BAV as a bridge group, P = 0.33. The decrease in mean gradient was 24.1 ± 13.1 in the BAV alone group vs. 27.1 ± 13.8 in the BAV as a bridge group, P = 0.06. During a median follow up of 183 days [54–409], the mortality rate was 55.2% (n = 214) in the BAV alone group vs. 22.3% (n = 19) in the BAV as a bridge group during a median follow‐up of 378 days [177–690], P < 0.001. Conclusion : In high‐risk patients with aortic stenosis and temporary contraindications to SAVR/TAVR, BAV may be used as a bridge to intervention with good mid‐term outcomes. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Severe aortic regurgitation with intimal intussusception secondary to Debakey type I aortic dissection

Aortic regurgitation (AR) with intimal intussusception, secondary to aortic dissection, is relatively rare and the images are interesting findings. We report a typical case of severe AR with intimal intussusception, secondary to DeBakey type I aortic dissection, detected by contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). Since there are three types of aortic regurgitation with aortic dissection, it is imperative to consider the most appropriate intervention for AR. The combination of CECT, TEE, and surgical findings may play an important role in determining the optimum surgical procedure for AR with aortic dissection.     

Aortic valve perforation during aortic valvuloplasty

Balloon aortic valvuloplasty has seen a revival in interest because of its role in predilation and preparation of the annulus before trans catheter aortic valve implantation. Aortic valve cusp perforation is a serious complication that needs early recognition and prompt corrective measures to prevent a poor procedural outcome or conversion to emergent surgery. A number of useful angiographic and technical findings can alert the operator about the possibility of this complication. Failure to recognize cusp perforation can lead to serious procedural complications like severe aortic regurgitation, suboptimal prosthesis deployment, and function that can necessitate emergent open cardiac surgery © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Stroke associated with surgical and transcatheter treatment of aortic stenosis: a comprehensive review

Stroke is a potential complication of treating patients with aortic stenosis via surgical aortic valve replacement (AVR), transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), and balloon aortic valvuloplasty. Because there are limited and heterogeneous data on the incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of stroke among patients being treated for aortic stenosis, we performed a comprehensive review of the literature. The risk of stroke after AVR in the general population is approximately 1.5%, and the risk is increased (to approximately 2% to 4%) in older and higher-risk patients. Strokes were reported in 1.5% to 6% of patients treated with TAVR, and in the only randomized trial of AVR versus TAVR, there was an increased risk of 30-day strokes (minor and major strokes and transient ischemic attacks) with TAVR (5.5% vs. 2.4%, p = 0.04).     

重度主动脉瓣关闭不全合并中度功能性二尖瓣反流的临床研究

目的 探讨中度功能性二尖瓣反流（FMR）在重度主动脉瓣关闭不全患者中的处理原则及其近中期疗效。方法 分析2019年10月至2020年10月南京医科大学附属南京医院心胸血管外科16例重度主动脉瓣关闭不全合并中度功能性二尖瓣反流患者经手术治疗的临床资料。结果 所有术后患者围手术期无死亡,术后随访（2.9±1.7）个月,术后超声心动图提示FMR程度与术前相比较有所减轻,同时左心房内径（LAD）（P=0.01）、左心室舒张末期内径（LVEDD）（P=0.025）及左心室收缩末期内径（LVESD）（P=0.045）明显缩小,但LVEF较术前反而有所下降,但无统计学意义（P=0.259）。术后3~6个月随访,所有患者无复发,无需再次手术,复查超声心动图与术前比较LAD（P=0.022）、LVEDD（P=0.006）、LVESD（P=0.043）呈进行性缩小, 接近正常水平,EF较术前相比明显改善,有显著统计学差异（P=0.029） ,且FMR同步明显减轻。截至最后一次随访,5例二尖瓣无反流,7例微量反流,4例少量反流,手术成形效果满意。结论 重度主动脉瓣关闭不全合并中度的FMR建议积极行二尖瓣成形术处理,能够保留二尖瓣瓣膜的持久性和功能性,可获得较满意的近中期疗效。     

High pacing rates for management of aortic insufficiency after balloon aortic valvuloplasty or transcatheter aortic valve replacement

Aortic insufficiency (AI) after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is difficult to manage when associated with congestive heart failure. AI after balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV) may be catastrophic, especially in patients who are not candidates for TAVR. We describe the use of urgent temporary pacing, followed by permanent pacing, to increase the heart rate to diminish diastolic filling time for the short term management of AI after BAV or TAVR. The strategy is particularly useful in patients who already have permanent pacemakers, which are common in this population. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.