穿刺房间隔顺行导丝跨瓣行经导管主动脉瓣置换术2例

经股动脉逆行导丝跨瓣是目前经导管主动脉瓣置换术中最常见的跨瓣方法。该文报道2例主动脉瓣置换术后瓣膜衰败的重度主动脉瓣狭窄患者,导丝逆行跨主动脉瓣难度大,采用穿刺房间隔顺行跨瓣方法成功建立轨道,人工瓣膜经股动脉逆行释放,避免顺行释放可能造成的二尖瓣损伤。术后超声心动图提示人工瓣膜流速、跨瓣压差明显改善,无明显瓣周漏,患者...     

经股动脉经导管主动脉瓣置换术治疗单纯主动脉瓣关闭不全

【摘要】 目的 探讨Venus-A支架瓣膜行经股动脉经导管主动脉瓣置换术治疗单纯主动脉瓣关闭不全患者的可行性。方法 回顾性调阅2018年12月至2019年12月在阜外医院接受经股动脉经导管主动脉瓣置换术的15例单纯主动脉瓣关闭不全患者的床资料。其中男性12例, 女性3例,年龄68—83岁,平均年龄(74.65±5.52)岁。患者术前均有左心功能不全症状,且术前心脏超声诊断均为单纯主动脉瓣重度返流。结果 患者行经股动脉经导管主动脉瓣置换术。所有病例成功植入Venus-A支架瓣膜。全组病例无死亡。出院前对患者进行临床评估和超声心动图检查。术中行瓣中瓣治疗3例,少量瓣周返流2例。其余病人均无明显瓣周返流,并且顺利出院。结论 经股动脉经导管主动脉瓣置换术治疗单纯主动脉瓣关闭不全患者是可行的,术后早期结果满意。     

球扩式瓣膜Prizvalve®经导管主动脉瓣膜系统治疗重度主动脉瓣狭窄的初步研究

目的初步评价Prizvalve^?经导管主动脉瓣膜系统治疗重度主动脉瓣狭窄的安全性及可行性。方法本研究为单中心前瞻性的单组观察性研究,入选2021年3至5月于四川大学华西医院住院的外科手术高风险或不适合常规外科手术的11例重度主动脉瓣狭窄患者,经评估后使用Prizvalve^?经导管主动脉瓣膜系统行经导管主动脉瓣植入术。人工瓣膜植入后立即通过经胸超声心动图测量主动脉瓣平均跨瓣压差和峰值流速,计算即刻器械成功率。即刻器械成功定义为:(1)器械成功进入血管入路、被输送、释放和植入,输送系统成功撤出体外;(2)植入瓣膜达到预期的疗效,即手术结束时超声心动图测量主动脉瓣平均跨瓣压差<20 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)或主动脉瓣最大流速<3 m/s,且无严重的人工主动脉瓣反流或瓣周漏。术后30 d复查经胸超声心动图,随访术后30 d内全因死亡及严重心脑血管不良事件(包括急性心肌梗死、致残性出血性或缺血性卒中)的发生情况。结果本研究共纳入11例重度主动脉瓣狭窄患者,年龄(78.1±6.3)岁,其中男性8例,纽约心脏病协会(NYHA)心功能Ⅲ、Ⅳ级患者10例。11例患者均成功完成器械的输送、释放和植入,输送系统成功撤出体外。术后即刻主动脉瓣平均跨瓣压差为(7.55±4.08)mmHg,峰值流速为(1.78±0.44)m/s,与术前相比平均跨瓣压差以及峰值流速均下降(P均<0.05)。无严重的人工主动脉瓣反流或瓣周漏,11例(11/11)患者均达到即刻器械成功。术后30 d,11例患者中无死亡及严重心脑血管不良事件发生。主动脉瓣平均压差为(9.45±5.07)mmHg,峰值流速为(2.05±0.42)m/s,均维持在较为理想的水平,与术后即刻相比差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。结论本研究初步表明,对于中国人群中传统手术高风险或不适合常规外科手术,且为传统内科治疗无法逆转的重度主动脉瓣狭窄患者,使用Prizvalve^?经导管主动脉瓣膜系统行经导管主动脉瓣植入术是一种可行的、相对安全的方法,可进一步开展第2阶段的临床研究。     

经导管主动脉瓣置换术治疗白塞病合并重度主动脉瓣反流一例

目前,白塞病合并重度主动脉瓣反流的主要治疗方式为外科主动脉瓣置换术,但术后瓣周漏、瓣膜撕脱等严重并发症的发生率高。该文报道1例合并白塞病的重度主动脉瓣反流患者,接受经导管主动脉瓣置换术治疗后症状改善明显。随访2年,超声心动图提示人工瓣膜流速、跨瓣压差处于正常范围,无明显瓣周漏;心脏增强CT扫描未见瓣叶增厚、撕脱情况,短期临床效果满意。     

超声心动图在经导管主动脉瓣置换-瓣中瓣手术治疗外科生物瓣衰败中的应用研究

目的：探讨经导管主动脉瓣置换-瓣中瓣（TAVR-VIV）手术治疗外科生物瓣衰败中超声心动图在术前、术中及术后的应用价值。方法：纳入2016年11月至2021年6月接受TAVR-VIV手术治疗的32例外科生物瓣衰败患者（天津市胸科医院15例,中国医学科学院阜外医院17例）,其中重度狭窄16例（50%）,重度反流5例（15.6%）,混合型（至少中度狭窄合并中度反流）11例（34.4%）。术前经胸超声心动图（TTE）测量主动脉瓣峰值流速（AVmax）、峰值跨瓣压差（PGmax）、平均跨瓣压差（PGmean）、有效瓣口面积（EOA）、左心室射血分数（LVEF）。术中经食道超声心动图（TEE）全程监测有无并发症,瓣膜置入后即刻评估瓣膜置入效果。对比术前、术后7 d、术后3个月血流动力学参数的变化。结果：32例患者均成功置入人工主动脉瓣,置入后即刻无或微量瓣周反流。术后7 d AVmax、PGmax、PGmean、EOA均较术前明显改善（P均<0.05）,术后7 d与术后3个月相比AVmax、PGmax、PGmean、EOA差异无统计学意义,LVEF增高（P<0.05）。随访过程中未发...     

15例拟行经导管主动脉瓣置换术患者主动脉根部影像学与临床应用--单中心早期经验

目的：15例拟行经导管主动脉瓣置换术（TAVI）患者主动脉根部影像学与临床应用的单中心早期临床经验。
　　方法：入选我院2011-03至2013-11拟行TAVI的主动脉瓣重度狭窄患者15例,分别进行计算机断层摄影术（CT）扫描、经胸超声心动图采集主动脉根部解剖数据,并对比主动脉瓣环测量差异。根据CT测量结果选择植入瓣膜型号,通过术后6个月随访,评估术前测量准确性。
　　结果：15例患者术前CT测量主动脉瓣环短径（21.5±2.4）mm,主动脉瓣环长径（27.3±2.7）mm,瓣环平均内径（24.4±2.4）mm,左心室流出道长径（28.3±4.5）mm,左心室流出道平均内经（24.±3.5）mm;升主动脉内径（35.3±4.4） mm。置入A-Venus人工瓣膜26号瓣膜8例,29号瓣膜7例。CT测量主动脉瓣环内径均值大于经胸超声心动图主动脉瓣环内径均值,差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）。经6个月随访,15例患者均未出现主动脉根部破裂、阻挡冠状动脉、主动脉瓣及瓣周中量及以上反流,有4例患者因房室传导阻滞行永久起搏器置入。
　　结论：CT及经胸超声心动图对于主动脉瓣环测量结果存在差异,CT测量可准确有效评估主动脉根部形态及毗邻,为TAVI提供有力支持。     

经导管主动脉瓣置换术植入Venus-A瓣膜后发生瓣周漏的危险因素分析

目的:探讨经导管主动脉瓣置换术（TAVR）置入Venus-A瓣膜后发生中/重度瓣周漏（PVL）的危险因素。方法:该研究为单中心病例对照研究。纳入2017年10月至2021年1月在陆军军医大学第二附属医院心内科行TAVR治疗且植入Venus-A瓣膜的主动脉瓣重度狭窄患者。依据出院前经胸超声心动图测得的反流束长度与瓣环周长...     

高海拔地区经导管主动脉瓣置换术的疗效观察

目的:评估经导管主动脉瓣置换术(TAVR)在高海拔地区治疗主动脉瓣疾病的效果。方法:入选2018-09-2019-09长期生活在高海拔地区的重度主动脉瓣狭窄或主动脉瓣关闭不全的7例患者,均进行经导管主动脉瓣置换术。术后观察主动脉瓣跨瓣压差及反流情况,门诊超声心动图随访,分析疗效和并发症经验。结果:7例患者中4例经股动脉途径,3例经心尖途径。术后左室舒张末期内径、左室射血分数、N末端脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)均较术前明显变化(P0.05);4例主动脉狭窄患者术前跨瓣压差(92.45±15.96)mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa),术后即刻导管测跨瓣压差(49.25±1.5)mmHg(P0.05);主动脉瓣关闭不全患者术后即刻变为无或微少量反流。术后发生Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞2例,发生肺部严重感染3例。结论:高海拔地区TAVR安全有效,但术后并发症不同于平原地区,需严格筛选患者和掌握适应证减少并发症发生。     

经心尖经导管主动脉瓣置换术治疗主动脉瓣膜病变的临床研究

目的 探讨经心尖经导管主动脉瓣置换术治疗主动脉瓣膜病变的安全性及有效性。方法 选取2017年1月至2018年12月河北医科大学第二医院心脏外科行经心尖经导管主动脉瓣置换术的主动脉瓣膜病变患者6例(1例单纯主动脉瓣关闭不全,5例主动脉瓣狭窄伴关闭不全),对其围手术期临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 6例患者均完成了经心尖经导管主动脉瓣置换术,共成功置入了6枚介入人工生物心脏瓣膜,手术顺利,术后不适症状均不同程度地减轻或消失,且均未出现相关并发症。术后1年随访,6例患者的心功能均恢复至NYHA分级Ⅰ～Ⅱ级,超声心动图均提示主动脉瓣人工生物瓣膜功能正常,无或少量瓣周反流,平均左心室射血分数提升至66.8%。结论 经心尖经导管主动脉瓣置换术治疗主动脉瓣膜病变安全、有效,是解决高龄、高危、外科手术禁忌患者主动脉瓣膜问题的良好方法。     

经导管主动脉瓣置换术治疗重度主动脉瓣狭窄的初步临床疗效分析

目的:总结经导管主动脉瓣置换术(TAVR)治疗重度主动脉瓣狭窄(AS)的初步临床经验。方法:纳入2018年10月-2019年10月于我院接受TAVR治疗的重度AS患者21例,分析其临床资料、手术效果及并发症情况。结果:患者平均年龄(73.71±8.91)岁,男9例,女12例。手术成功率为100%,术后即刻主动脉瓣跨瓣压差较术前明显下降[(7.71±5.32) mmHg∶(100.19±30.13) mmHg,1 mmHg=0.133 kPa,P0.01]。术中联合ECMO支持1例,联合经导管二尖瓣球囊扩张1例,联合经皮冠状动脉支架植入术(PCI)1例,瓣中瓣植入2例。术后消化道出血1例,永久性起搏器植入2例,发热2例,急性脑梗死1例,轻度瓣周漏11例,股动脉穿刺点处假性动脉瘤1例,临时起搏器置入处皮下血肿1例,死亡1例。术后30 d患者症状及心脏超声指标均改善。结论:TAVR治疗外科手术禁忌或高危重度主动脉瓣狭窄相对安全、有效。     

An insight into transcatheter aortic valve implantation—a perspective from multidetector‐computed tomography

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has now become an acceptable alternative to surgical aortic valve replacement for patients with severe aortic stenosis at high risk. The early enthusiasm for this technology has not diminished but rather has developed at an unprecedented rate over the last decade. Alongside the developments in implantation technique, transcatheter design, and postprocedural care, cardiac imaging modalities have also had to concurrently evolve to meet the perpetual demand for lower peri‐ and postprocedural complication rates. Although transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography remain vital in patient's selection and periprocedural guidance, there is now emerging evidence that indicates that multidetector‐computed tomography (MDCT) may also have an equally important role to play. The aim of the current review is to examine the modern role of MDCT in assessing patients with aortic stenosis being considered for TAVI. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

First‐in‐man transcatheter aortic valve implantation of a 20‐mm edwards SAPIEN XT valve: One step forward for the treatment of patients with severe aortic stenosis and small aortic annulus

We present the case of an 85‐year‐old woman diagnosed with severe aortic stenosis, porcelain aorta, and a small aortic annulus (17.3 mm), who underwent successful transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) with a 20‐mm Edwards SAPIEN XT valve using the NovaFlex+ delivery system. At 1‐month follow‐up the patient was in NYHA functional class I, and Doppler echocardiography showed a mean residual gradient of 15 mm Hg and trivial paravalvular aortic regurgitation. This case, which shows for the first time the feasibility of TAVI with a 20‐mm valve, opens a new avenue for the challenging treatment of patients with aortic stenosis and a small aortic annulus. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Valve prosthesis distortion after cardiac compression in a patient who underwent transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI)

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has been developed as an alternative to conventional aortic valve replacement for the treatment of symptomatic severe aortic stenosis in high‐risk patients. Nevertheless, TAVI has been associated with serious complications such as stroke, vascular injury, renal failure, and arrhythmia. Herein we describe a case of distortion of the Edward‐Sapien prosthesis (Edwards Lifesciences, USA), which was mounted on a balloon‐expandable stent, after chest compression for cardiac resuscitation in a patient who underwent TAVI for severe aortic stenosis. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Prognostic benefit of transcatheter aortic valve implantation compared with medical therapy in patients with inoperable aortic stenosis

Objectives : To compare survival in patients with inoperable aortic stenosis who undergo transcatheter aortic valve implantation against those managed medically. Background : Without surgical correction, survival of patients with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis is poor. It is unknown whether patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) have a better prognosis than similar patients who are treated with medical management. Methods : Survival rates were compared in consecutive patients with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis who either underwent TAVI or continued on medical management following multidisciplinary team assessment. All patients had been turned down, or considered at unacceptably high risk, for conventional aortic valve surgery. Patients were reviewed in clinic or by telephone six monthly. Mortality data was obtained from the United Kingdom Office of National Statistics. Results : The study group included 85 patients aged 81 ± 7 years (range 62–94), of whom 48 were male. Thirty eight patients underwent TAVI while 47 patients were deemed unsuitable based on echocardiographic, angiographic, or clinical criteria and remained on medical therapy. The calculated EuroSCORE for the TAVI group was 11 ± 2 and for the medical group 9 ± 2 (P < 0.001). TAVI‐related procedural mortality was 2.6%, and 30‐day mortality was 5.2%. Among the medically‐treated patients, 14 (30%) underwent palliative balloon aortic valvuloplasty, with a trend toward improved survival (P = 0.06). During overall follow‐up of 215 ± 115 days there were a total of 18 deaths; TAVI N = 5 (13%); Medical N = 13 (28%) (P = 0.04). Conclusions : Patients with severe aortic valve disease who are not suitable for surgical aortic valve replacement have an improved prognosis if treated with transcatheter aortic valve implantation rather than continuing on medical management alone. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

The role of echocardiography and CT angiography in transcatheter aortic valve implantation patients

The transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) consist an alternative treatment in patients with severe aortic stenosis. Multimodality imaging using transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) or transesophageal echocardiography (TOE) and multislice CT (MSCT) constitute cornerstone techniques for the pre-operative management, peri-procedural guidance, follow up and recognition of possible transcatheter valve related complications. CT angiography is much more accurate regarding the total definition of aortic annulus diameter and circumferential area. Two-dimensional (2D) echocardiography, underestimates the aortic valve annulus diameter compared to 3D imaging techniques (MSCT, MRI and 3D TOE). Three-dimensional TOE imaging provides measurements of the aortic valve annulus similar to those delivered by MSCT. The pre-procedural MSCT constitutes the gold standard modality minimizing the presence of paravalvular aortic regurgitation, one of the most frequent complications. TOE/TTE and MSCT performance could predict the possibility of pacemaker implantation post-procedural. The presence of a new transient or persisting MR can be assessed well by TOE. Both TTE and TOE, consist initially the basic examination for post TAVI evaluation. In case of transcatheter heart valve failure, the MSCT could be used as additional imaging technique.     

A complex ventricular septal defect following transcatheter aortic valve implantation evaluated by 3D transthoracic echocardiography

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has revolutionized the treatment of elderly patients with symptomatic severe aortic valve stenosis. Among the possible TAVI complications, a rare one is the annular/left ventricular outflow tract rupture. We report a rare case of a late complex ventricular septal defect (VSD) following TAVI with a balloon‐expandable prosthesis, conservatively managed. Our case demonstrates the role of 3D transthoracic echocardiography (3DTTE) in the accurate diagnosis of this TAVI complication and suggests that, in some cases, it can be used as an alternative to other diagnostic tools, such as transesophageal echocardiography, cardiac catheterization, and computed tomography.     

Transaortic transcatheter aortic valve implantation within a previous bioprosthetic aortic valve replacement

This report documents the first reported case of transaortic transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) using the CoreValve ReValving system (Medtronic CoreValve System, Luxembourg), within a previous bioprosthetic aortic valve replacement. TAVI has become a recognized percutaneous treatment for patients with severe native or bioprosthetic aortic valve stenosis. However, as the number of patients screened for TAVI increases, a number of patients are found with absolutely no option for peripheral arterial access, either from the femoral or subclavian routes. Transaortic CoreValve placement offers an alternate minimally invasive hybrid surgical/interventional technique when peripheral access is not possible. A CoreValve prosthesis was implanted via the transaortic route in an 81‐year‐old woman with severe bioprosthetic aortic valve stenosis (21 mm Mitroflow pericardial valve, peak instantaneous gradient of 99 mmHg, effective valve orifice area (EOA) of 0.3 cm², as ilio‐femoral and left subclavian angiography revealed small calibre vessels (<6 mm). Access was achieved via a mini thoracotomy via the left anterior second intercostal space. The procedure went without complication. Post procedure the patient was transferred directly to the Cardiac Care Unit for recuperation. Post procedure echocardiography showed that the TAVI was well positioned with no para‐valvular leak and a reduction in peak instantaneous gradient to 30 mmHg and an increase in EOA to 1.5 cm². She was discharged on the third post‐procedural day in sinus rhythm with a narrow QRS complex. CoreValve implantation within previous surgical bioprosthesis is now an established treatment. The transaortic approach to transcatheter implantation is a promising recent development, when due to anatomical reasons, transfemoral or subclavian TAVI is not feasible. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Advanced age and the clinical outcomes of transcatheter aortic valve implan-tation

Aortic valve stenosis （AS） is common in the elderly. Although surgical replacement of the valve has been the gold standard of management, many patients have been excluded from surgery because they were very old, frail, or had co-morbidities that increased operative risks. In the last decade, transcatheter aortic valve implantation （TAVI） has emerged as a new treatment option suitable for these patients. This article reviews the available literature on the role of TAVI in elderly patients with severe aortic stenosis. Published studies showed that elderly individuals who underwent TAVI experienced better in-hospital recovery, and similar short and mid-term mortality compared to those underwent surgical treatment of AS. However, long-term outcomes of TAVI in elderly patients are still unknown. The available data in the literature on the ef-fect of advanced age on clinical outcomes of TAVI are limited, but the data that are available suggest that TAVI is a beneficial and tolerable procedure in very old patients. Some of the expected complications after TAVI are reported more in the oldest patients such as vascular in-jures. Other complications were comparable in TAVI patients regardless of their age group. However, very old patients may need closer monitoring to avoid further morbidities and mortality.     

经导管主动脉瓣置换术的新进展

近年来,经导管主动脉瓣置换(TAVI)术发展迅猛。对于外科手术风险很高的严重主动脉瓣狭窄患者,TAVI术已成为一种替代治疗。随着器械的不断改进和临床经验的积累,一些新的技术开始应用于TAVI领域,如非传统的支架输送途径、新材料的带瓣膜支架、局部麻醉下的TAVI术、经导管"瓣中瓣"技术等等。本文将TAVI领域近年来出现的一些新技术作一介绍。     

Aortic annulus evaluation in transcatheter aortic valve implantation

Objectives : We compared the annulus diameters measured by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), and dual‐source computed tomography (DSCT) before transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). Background : In TAVI correct evaluation of the aortic annulus is mandatory to choose the correct prosthesis type and size and to prevent complications. There is no gold standard for the assessment of aortic annulus diameters. Methods : Preoperative assessment of the aortic annulus with TTE, TEE, and DSCT was performed in 187 consecutive patients referred for TAVI between June 2007 and May 2009. Results : The mean aortic annuli were 22.6 ± 2.0 mm measured with DSCT, 22.3 ± 2.5 mm with TTE, and 22.9 ± 2.2 mm with TEE. Despite a strong correlation between the measurement techniques, relevant statistical spread occurred with differences up to 3 mm in all measurement methods. Inter‐ and intraobserver variability was good for TEE and less satisfactory for DSCT measurements. TEE measurements taken as decisive parameter for the implantation changed the implantation strategy in 15.5% of patients and did not show an increased rate of procedural complications. Conclusion : Despite a strong correlation, the measurement techniques for the aortic annulus show relevant statistical spread, consequently one measurement technique cannot definitely predict another. TEE measurements show a more satisfactory intra‐ and interobserver variability than DSCT. Taking TEE annulus measurements as decisive parameter for the implantation has an impact on the implantation strategy and is safe with a low rate of procedural complications. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.