电纺纳米纤维可降解输尿管支架肌肉埋植的降解性能

背景:作者前期研究了电纺纳米纤维聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物可降解输尿管支架材料的体外降解性能,发现80/20聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物电纺纳米纤维材料在尿液中的降解时间可以满足临床需要。目的:观察80/20聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物电纺纳米纤维输尿管支架的肌肉埋植降解性能。方法:采用静电纺丝法制备80/20聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物纳米纤维输尿管支架,观察其在家兔脊柱旁肌肉中的降解情况。结果与结论:成功制备了电纺纳米纤维输尿管支架,扫描电镜见微观形貌良好。80/20的聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物纳米纤维输尿管支架在体内降解至10周时,支架管降解至初始质量的60%左右,支架出现断裂和崩解,虽降解速度较体外降解稍慢,但其降解性能仍能够满足临床对可降解输尿管支架的需要。     

纳米可降解聚乳酸-羟基乙酸尿道支架的制备及性能

背景:聚乳酸-羟基乙酸可作为尿道替代物进行组织缺损的修复。目的:观察电纺丝法制备聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物可降解尿道支架的可行性,并评价支架管的体外降解性能。方法:采用电纺丝技术制备纳米聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物(摩尔比80∶20)尿道支架管,并以戊二醛对支架进行交联、改性,将交联后支架截成长约1cm小段并浸于尿液中进行体外降解实验。结果与结论:支架管具有纳米结构,孔隙率约89%,孔径(32±19)μm;交联后可见纤维表面变粗糙,但纤维丝直径、孔径及孔隙率与交联前差异无显著性意义(P>0.05),但交联后支架管力学性能显著提高。支架降解初期速度相对较快,中后期降解速度减慢,至8周时材料质量损失约50%,第10周完全崩解。材料在体内降解过程中相对分子质量的变化趋势与质量损失大体相同,降解早期相对分子质量下降相对较快,后期下降速度减慢并趋于平稳。表明采用电纺丝技术制备的纳米聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物尿道支架可满足尿道组织工程支架的要求。     

电纺纳米纤维可降解输尿管支架肌肉埋植的降解性能

背景：作者前期研究了电纺纳米纤维聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物可降解输尿管支架材料的体外降解性能,发现80/20聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物电纺纳米纤维材料在尿液中的降解时间可以满足临床需要。目的：观察80/20聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物电纺纳米纤维输尿管支架的肌肉埋植降解性能。方法：采用静电纺丝法制备80/20聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物纳米纤维输尿管支架,观察其在家兔脊柱旁肌肉中的降解情况。结果与结论：成功制备了电纺纳米纤维输尿管支架,扫描电镜见微观形貌良好。80/20的聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物纳米纤维输尿管支架在体内降解至10周时,支架管降解至初始质量的60%左右,支架出现断裂和崩解,虽降解速度较体外降解稍慢,但其降解性能仍能够满足临床对可降解输尿管支架的需要。     

纳米可降解聚乳酸-羟基乙酸尿道支架的制备及性能

背景：聚乳酸-羟基乙酸可作为尿道替代物进行组织缺损的修复。目的：观察电纺丝法制备聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物可降解尿道支架的可行性,并评价支架管的体外降解性能。方法：采用电纺丝技术制备纳米聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物（摩尔比80∶20）尿道支架管,并以戊二醛对支架进行交联、改性,将交联后支架截成长约1cm小段并浸于尿液中进行体外降解实验。结果与结论：支架管具有纳米结构,孔隙率约89%,孔径（32±19）μm;交联后可见纤维表面变粗糙,但纤维丝直径、孔径及孔隙率与交联前差异无显著性意义（P〉0.05）,但交联后支架管力学性能显著提高。支架降解初期速度相对较快,中后期降解速度减慢,至8周时材料质量损失约50%,第10周完全崩解。材料在体内降解过程中相对分子质量的变化趋势与质量损失大体相同,降解早期相对分子质量下降相对较快,后期下降速度减慢并趋于平稳。表明采用电纺丝技术制备的纳米聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物尿道支架可满足尿道组织工程支架的要求。     

壳聚糖/聚乳酸羟基乙酸组织工程化神经植入犬体内的慢性生物相容性

背景:2个月以内短期生物相容性实验显示,壳聚糖、聚乳酸和聚羟基乙酸对大鼠外周神经均无毒性,可作为组织工程化神经材料。目的:评价壳聚糖/聚乳酸羟基乙酸组织工程化神经植入Beagle犬体内6个月后的慢性生物相容性。方法:在壳聚糖神经导管中插入聚乳酸羟基乙酸纤维制备成组织工程化神经,移植桥接Beagle犬坐骨神经50mm缺损,同时以Beagle犬50mm自体神经移植作为对照组。结果与结论:植入壳聚糖/聚乳酸羟基乙酸组织工程化神经6个月后,Beagle犬精神、食欲、活动等一般情况良好,体质量增加与对照组相当;植入后2,4,6个月血液学和血清生化检测结果与对照组无明显差异;再生神经及其周边组织未出现变性、坏死,心、肝、脾、肺、肾等主要脏器大体解剖和组织切片未见异常。表明壳聚糖/聚乳酸羟基乙酸组织工程化神经植入Beagle犬体内6个月后慢性生物相容性良好。     

聚乳酸/聚羟基乙酸共聚物修复髌股关节软骨缺损

背景：传统的方法修复软骨损伤,易发生退变。聚乳酸/聚羟基乙酸共聚物具有良好的生物相容性,可根据需要调节降解速度等性能,可能在修复软骨损伤方面具有应用前景。目的：观察以聚乳酸/聚羟基乙酸共聚物为载体修复兔关节软骨缺损的可行性。方法：选取2月龄新西兰兔骨髓培养,诱导间充质干细胞向软骨细胞分化。第3代细胞与聚乳酸/聚羟基乙酸共聚物共培养制成聚乳酸/聚羟基乙酸共聚物-细胞复合物。建立兔髌股关节股骨髁部缺损模型,在右侧36个膝关节植入聚乳酸/聚羟基乙酸共聚物-细胞复合物,左侧18膝植入聚乳酸/聚羟基乙酸共聚物,另18膝造成缺损后留作空白对照。术后4,8,12,24,36,48周取材,行大体及组织学观察,组织学评分。结果与结论：聚乳酸/聚羟基乙酸共聚物-细胞复合物修复大鼠缺损后,软骨细胞分布较均一,色泽与正常软骨相似,与正常软骨界限消失,表面细胞平行于关节面,深层细胞排列紊乱,细胞呈团状,基质异染广泛,软骨下骨形成及潮线恢复正常,与周围正常软骨连接良好。而单纯植入聚乳酸/聚羟基乙酸共聚物或缺损后未处理大鼠缺损边缘细胞呈团块状增生,底部为纤维组织。提示骨髓基质细胞源性软骨细胞是修复关节软骨缺损较理想的种子细胞,聚乳酸/聚羟基乙酸共聚物适合作为组织工程修复关节软骨缺损的支架材料,具有良好的应用前景。     

聚乳酸/聚羟基乙酸共聚物修复髌股关节软骨缺损

背景:传统的方法修复软骨损伤,发生退变.聚乳酸/聚羟基乙酸共聚物具有良好的生物相容性,根据需要调节降解速度等性能,能在修复软骨损伤方面具有应用前景.目的:观察以聚乳酸/聚羟基乙酸共聚物为载体修复兔关节软骨缺损的可行性.方法:选取2月龄新西兰兔骨髓培养,导间充质干细胞向软骨细胞分化.第3代细胞与聚乳酸/聚羟基乙酸共聚物共培养制成聚乳酸/聚羟基乙酸共聚物-细胞复合物.建立兔髌股关节股骨髁部缺损模型,右侧36个膝关节植入聚乳酸/聚羟基乙酸共聚物-细胞复合物,侧18膝植入聚乳酸/聚羟基乙酸共聚物,18膝造成缺损后留作空白对照.术后4,,12,4,6,8周取材,大体及组织学观察,织学评分.结果与结论:聚乳酸/聚羟基乙酸共聚物-细胞复合物修复大鼠缺损后,骨细胞分布较均一,泽与正常软骨相似,正常软骨界限消失,面细胞平行于关节面,层细胞排列紊乱,胞呈团状,质异染广泛,骨下骨形成及潮线恢复正常,周围正常软骨连接良好.而单纯植入聚乳酸/聚羟基乙酸共聚物或缺损后未处理大鼠缺损边缘细胞呈团块状增生,部为纤维组织.提示骨髓基质细胞源性软骨细胞是修复关节软骨缺损较理想的种子细胞,乳酸/聚羟基乙酸共聚物适合作为组织工程修复关节软骨缺损的支架材料,有良好的应用前景.     

改性聚乳酸-羟基乙酸/Ⅰ型胶原复合支架的细胞亲和性

背景:聚乳酸-羟基乙酸是一种较好的细胞支架材料,但细胞亲和性较差、机械强度不够等缺点又限制了它的应用.因此,聚乳酸类支架材料的改性是非常必要的.目的:研究改性聚乳酸-羟基乙酸/Ⅰ型胶原复合生物支架的细胞亲和性.设计、时间及地点:体外对比观察实验,于2005-02/12在遵义医学院中心实验室完成.材料:利用多聚赖氨酸对聚乳酸-羟基乙酸改性后与Ⅰ型胶原构成复合生物支架.方法:将改性聚乳酸-羟基乙酸/Ⅰ型胶原复合支架与聚乳酸-羟基乙酸支架各12块,分别放入2块24孔培养板中,每孔加1×1011 L-1 第2代兔耳软骨细胞悬液100μL.在37℃、体积分数为5%CO2培养箱中培养4h后,每孔加1 mL含血清DMEM培养24 h.主要观察指标:①倒置显微镜下观察改性前后支架空间结构.②观察改性后支架吸附细胞的形态结构.③计算改性前后支架对兔耳软骨细胞的吸附率.结果:改性后复合支架的粗糙度增加,其细胞吸附率明显高于聚乳酸-羟基乙酸支架组(P＜0.05),细胞形态结构较好.结论:改性聚乳酸-羟基乙酸/Ⅰ型胶原复合生物支架具有较好的细胞亲和性.     

壳聚糖/聚乳酸羟基乙酸组织工程化神经植入犬体内的慢性生物相容性

背景：2个月以内短期生物相容性实验显示,壳聚糖、聚乳酸和聚羟基乙酸对大鼠外周神经均无毒性,可作为组织工程化神经材料。目的：评价壳聚糖/聚乳酸羟基乙酸组织工程化神经植入Beagle犬体内6个月后的慢性生物相容性。方法：在壳聚糖神经导管中插入聚乳酸羟基乙酸纤维制备成组织工程化神经,移植桥接Beagle犬坐骨神经50mm缺损,同时以Beagle犬50mm自体神经移植作为对照组。结果与结论：植入壳聚糖/聚乳酸羟基乙酸组织工程化神经6个月后,Beagle犬精神、食欲、活动等一般情况良好,体质量增加与对照组相当;植入后2,4,6个月血液学和血清生化检测结果与对照组无明显差异;再生神经及其周边组织未出现变性、坏死,心、肝、脾、肺、肾等主要脏器大体解剖和组织切片未见异常。表明壳聚糖/聚乳酸羟基乙酸组织工程化神经植入Beagle犬体内6个月后慢性生物相容性良好。     

SOX-9转染骨髓基质细胞与聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物的生物相容性

背景:Sox基因家族是一个新发现的基因家族,在胚胎发育、性别分化、神经系统及骨骼系统发育过程中起着重要的作用.目的:观察SOX-9基因转染骨髓基质干细胞后在聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物培养生长的生物相容性,以及其复合材料修复软骨缺损动物模型的可行性.方法:将SOX-9基因转染成功后的骨髓基质细胞在聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物培养生长,制备软骨缺损动物模型,将复合物植入软骨缺损,通过大体标本观察、组织学观察及Ⅱ型胶原免疫组织化学及RT-PCR检测对软骨缺损模型的修复效果.结果与结论:SOX-9基因转染骨髓基质干细胞后可以在聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物上正常生长,并有Ⅱ型胶原的高表达,将复合物植入软骨缺损后,可以修复软骨缺损动物模型.聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物与转染后的骨髓基质细胞具有良好的生物相容性,可以修复兔软骨缺损动物模型.     

Fine‐tuning scaffolds for tissue regeneration: effects of formic acid processing on tissue reaction to silk fibroin

Formic acid (FA) plays a key role in the preparation of silk fibroin (SF) scaffolds from cocoons of Bombyx mori and is used for fibre distribution. In this study, we used a subcutaneous implantation model in Wistar rats to examine SF scaffolds prepared by treating the degummed cocoon with FA for either 30 or 60 min. The tissue reaction and inflammatory response to SF was assessed by qualitative histology at intervals from 3 to 180 days. Additionally, dynamic biomaterial‐induced vascularization and biomaterial degradation were quantified using a technique for analysing an image of the entire implanted biomaterial. Varying the FA treatment time led to different scaffold morphologies and resulted in two distinct peri‐implant tissue reactions. The 30 min‐treated scaffold was integrated into the surrounding tissue beginning at day 3 after implantation and vascularization increased 10‐fold from 15 to 180 days, while the scaffold was continuously degraded throughout the first 90 days. In contrast, the 60 min‐treated SF scaffold appeared as bulk for the first 90 days after implantation, after which a rapid degradation and vascularization process began. After 180 days, the tissue response was similar for both scaffolds, with eventual formation of a well vascularized connective tissue integrating the SF fibres. This study indicates that by modifying the FA treatment time, the tissue reaction to SF scaffolds can be tailored for different tissue‐engineering applications. The tunability and biocompatibility of SF make it an attractive scaffold for exploration in regenerative medicine and clinical tissue engineering. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

胶原蛋白与黏土混合材料的性能研究

背景：凹凸棒黏土质轻，吸水性强，湿时具有黏性和可塑性等特性，被广泛应用于各个领域，但将凹凸棒黏土作为骨修复材料鲜有报道。目的：将胶原蛋白与不同比例凹凸棒黏土混合，构建一种新型组织工程支架材料，以期运用于骨修复。方法：将胶原蛋白和凹凸棒黏土以干质量比为1∶0、5∶1、4∶1、3∶1的比例混合均匀，冷冻干燥，制备支架材料，扫描电镜观察材料的表观特征，检测1%京尼平交联前后材料的孔隙率和质量吸水率。将4组比例材料分别与大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞共培养，培养3 d及7 d分别进行扫描电镜观察及苏木精-伊红染色。将1%京尼平交联后的4组比例材料分别植入大鼠体内，1个月后观察材料降解情况。结果与结论：材料呈多孔海绵状，交联前材料的孔隙率在60%-80%之间，交联后材料的孔隙率在40%-65%之间，4组之间交联前后孔隙率比较差异无显著意义（P 〉0.05）。4组材料交联后的质量吸水率较交联前显著降低（P 〈0.05）。胶原蛋白-凹凸棒黏土支架材料具有良好的细胞相容性，在动物体内可以完全降解并被吸收，但不同比例配比降解速率不一，无炎症反应。     

天然及合成尿道重建支架材料的生物相容性及力学性能

背景：目前应用何种尿道组织工程修复重建支架材料更为合适的争论仍不断出现,其生物相容性及力学特性的评估也鲜见报道。目的：评估应用于尿道修复重建多种生物材料的力学特性及生物相容性。方法：脱细胞法制备小肠黏膜下层组织、膀胱脱细胞基质以及脱细胞尿道海绵体基质,同时编织法制备聚乙醇酸支架。单轴拉伸测试测定各类支架生物力学特性,光镜及扫描电镜测定支架表面孔径大小。线粒体代谢活性MTT法检测各种生物材料的细胞毒性。所有支架表面接种海绵体平滑肌细胞,体外培养14d后进一步评估细胞渗透情况。结果与结论：生物力学评估显示脱细胞尿道海绵体基质在弹性模量以及断裂强度方面的检测结果明显优于其余材料（P〈0.05）。MTT结果显示所有支架材料均支持正常的细胞生长代谢,并未发现存在明显的细胞毒性。聚乙醇酸在扫描电镜中显示出最大的孔径（〉200μm）,同时脱细胞尿道海绵体基质的尿道面（〈5μm）和海绵体面（〉10μm）观察到明显不同的孔径大小。细胞接种14d后聚乙醇酸材料的内部可见种子细胞的广泛分布,在膀胱脱细胞基质以及脱细胞尿道海绵体基质的尿道面未发现有明显的细胞渗透迹象,而小肠黏膜下层组织和脱细胞尿道海绵体基质的海绵体面观察到明显的细胞渗透生长表现。提示所有支架材料显示出良好的生物相容性,同时在力学特性方面也与正常尿道组织相仿,但脱细胞尿道海绵体基质在力学和组织学的诸多参数上具有一定的优越性。     

Nano-fibrous scaffold for controlled delivery of recombinant human PDGF-BB.

The localized and temporally controlled delivery of growth factors is key to achieving optimal clinical efficacy. In sophisticated tissue engineering strategies, the biodegradable scaffold is preferred to serve as both a three-dimensional (3-D) substrate and a growth factor delivery vehicle to promote cellular activity and enhance tissue neogenesis. This study presents a novel approach to fabricate tissue engineering scaffolds capable of controlled growth factor delivery whereby growth factor containing microspheres were incorporated into 3-D scaffolds with good mechanical properties, well-interconnected macroporous and nano-fibrous structures. The microspheres were uniformly distributed throughout the nano-fibrous scaffold and their incorporation did not interfere the macro-, micro-, and nanostructures of the scaffold. The release kinetics of platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) from microspheres and scaffolds was investigated using poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA50) microspheres with different molecular weights (6.5 and 64kDa, respectively) and microsphere-incorporated poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) nano-fibrous scaffolds. Incorporation of microspheres into scaffolds significantly reduced the initial burst release. Sustained release from several days to months was achieved through different microspheres in scaffolds. Released PDGF-BB was demonstrated to possess biological activity as evidenced by stimulation of human gingival fibroblast DNA synthesis in vitro. The successful generation of 3-D nano-fibrous scaffold incorporating controlled-release factors indicates significant potential for more complex tissue regeneration.     

具有周向微槽结构管状血管支架制备及诱导平滑肌细胞的取向生长

背景:对小口径血管组织工程化而言,平滑肌细胞的周向排列要求彻底改变以前支架的简单多孔结构,代之以能够诱导血管平滑肌细胞三维周向取向和排列新型微观结构。目的:观察微槽结构对平滑肌细胞体外定向诱导的影响。方法:用静电纺丝、熔融纺丝并利用溶剂/非溶剂和热压的方式制得了具有两层管壁、外壁具有周向微沟槽结构的仿生管状血管支架,用胶原蛋白固定改性后,在其上种植人脐静脉血管平滑肌细胞。扫描电镜和荧光显微镜观察支架不同缠绕角度对平滑肌细胞定向诱导能力的影响。结果与结论:①选择比例为5∶95的氯仿/乙醇溶液,浸润时间为5s,可以使乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物电纺纤维和乳酸-ε-己内酯共聚物熔纺纤维之间形成很好的粘连,形成支架。②通过碱降解使支架表面含有羧基,以1-(二甲基胺丙基)-3-乙基碳化二亚胺为缩合剂在支架表面接枝胶原。X射线光电子能谱证实了支架表面胶原大分子的存在。③当纤维之间的编织角度为30°即网孔尺寸适当时,细胞能在支架内部和表面大面积生长。④具有两层管壁结构的仿生管状血管支架具有良好的细胞相容性,其表面周向微槽结构对平滑肌细胞的取向排列具有明显的诱导作用。提示在电纺层外面再熔纺缠绕降解聚合物是制备管状仿生血管支架的可行方法。血管平滑肌细胞能沿着纤维暨微沟槽方向一致取向排列。     

PLGA/甲壳胺无纺布三维生物支架的安全性及组织相容性观察

目的：观察新型三维生物支架聚丙交酯-乙交酯共聚物[poly（dl-lactide-co-glycolide）,PLGA]/甲壳胺无纺布的生物安全性及组织相容性.方法：将PLGA/甲壳胺无纺布三维生物支架植入兔皮下,分别于术后2、4、8、12周进行血常规、肝功能、肾功能检测,观察切口局部情况及心、肝、肾组织学变化,植入支架局部取材进行组织学检查.结果：术后不同时间血常规、肝功能、肾功能检测与术前比较无明显差异（P＞0.05）,心、肝、肾组织学检查观察均未见病理性改变.体内植入大体观察及组织形态学检查显示其具有良好组织相容性.结论：PLGA/甲壳胺无纺布新型三维生物支架具有良好的生物安全性及组织相容性.     

In vivo biocompatibility assessment of poly (ether imide) electrospun scaffolds

Poly(ether imide) (PEI), which can be chemically functionalized with biologically active ligands, has emerged as a potential biomaterial for medical implants. Electrospun PEI scaffolds have shown advantageous properties, such as enhanced endothelial cell adherence, proliferation and low platelet adhesion in in vitro experiments. In this study, the in vivo behaviour of electrospun PEI scaffolds and PEI films was examined in a murine subcutaneous implantation model. Electrospun PEI scaffolds and films were surgically implanted subcutaneously in the dorsae of mice. The surrounding subcutaneous tissue response was examined via histopathological examination at 7 and 28 days after implantation. No serious adverse events were observed for both types of PEI implants. The presence of macrophages or foreign body giant cells in the vicinity of the implants and the formation of a fibrous capsule indicated a normal foreign body reaction towards PEI films and scaffolds. Capsule thickness and inflammatory infiltration cells significantly decreased for PEI scaffolds during days 7–28 while remaining unchanged for PEI films. The infiltration of cells into the implant was observed for PEI scaffolds 7 days after implantation and remained stable until 28 days of implantation. Additionally some, but not all, PEI scaffold implants induced the formation of functional blood vessels in the vicinity of the implants. Conclusively, this study demonstrates the in vivo biocompatibility of PEI implants, with favourable properties of electrospun PEI scaffolds regarding tissue integration and wound healing. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

聚左旋乳酸/壳聚糖纳米纤维三维多孔支架复合骨髓间充质干细胞修复兔骨缺损

背景：骨髓间充质干细胞具有向多种间质细胞谱系分化的能力,且支架材料的性能对骨缺损的修复有重要影响。目的：观察聚左旋乳酸/壳聚糖纳米纤维三维多孔支架复合骨髓间充质干细胞治疗骨缺损。方法：对骨缺损模型兔分别采用空白植入、髂后上棘自体松质骨移植、聚左旋乳酸/壳聚糖纳米纤维多孔支架移植和复合了骨髓间充质干细胞的聚左旋乳酸/壳聚糖纳米纤维多孔支架移植修复缺损部位。结果与结论：至移植12周,移植复合了骨髓间充质干细胞的聚左旋乳酸/壳聚糖纳米纤维多孔支架的实验兔的缺损处有骨组织生成,支架材料降解,已完成缺损修复,其修复情况接近松质骨组;髂后上棘自体松质骨移植的实验兔的缺损修复完好,新形成的骨组织较规则;只植入聚左旋乳酸/壳聚糖纳米纤维多孔支架的实验兔有少量骨组织形成,材料部分降解;空白植入的实验兔缺损处无新生骨组织生成,主要由纤维结缔组织填充。说明新型的生物支架材料聚左旋乳酸/壳聚糖纳米纤维三维多孔支架与来源于新西兰大白兔的骨髓间充质干细胞复合培养后,植入同种异体兔股骨髁缺损处,使骨缺损的修复速度加快,表现为较好的体内诱导成骨的作用。     

Effects of designed PLLA and 50:50 PLGA scaffold architectures on bone formation in vivo

Biodegradable porous scaffolds have been investigated as an alternative approach to current metal, ceramic, and polymer bone graft substitutes for lost or damaged bone tissues. Although there have been many studies investigating the effects of scaffold architecture on bone formation, many of these scaffolds were fabricated using conventional methods such as salt leaching and phase separation, and were constructed without designed architecture. To study the effects of both designed architecture and material on bone formation, this study designed and fabricated three types of porous scaffold architecture from two biodegradable materials, poly (L‐lactic acid) (PLLA) and 50:50 Poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA), using image based design and indirect solid freeform fabrication techniques, seeded them with bone morphogenetic protein‐7 transduced human gingival fibroblasts, and implanted them subcutaneously into mice for 4 and 8 weeks. Micro‐computed tomography data confirmed that the fabricated porous scaffolds replicated the designed architectures. Histological analysis revealed that the 50:50 PLGA scaffolds degraded but did not maintain their architecture after 4 weeks implantation. However, PLLA scaffolds maintained their architecture at both time points and showed improved bone ingrowth, which followed the internal architecture of the scaffolds. Mechanical properties of both PLLA and 50:50 PLGA scaffolds decreased but PLLA scaffolds maintained greater mechanical properties than 50:50 PLGA after implantation. The increase of mineralized tissue helped support the mechanical properties of bone tissue and scaffold constructs between 4–8 weeks. The results indicate the importance of choice of scaffold materials and computationally designed scaffolds to control tissue formation and mechanical properties for desired bone tissue regeneration. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

三维支架材料与脂肪干细胞的生物相容性

背景：构建组织工程化气管需要适合的三维支架。目的：观察脂肪干细胞与聚乳酸-乙醇酸共聚物及聚三亚甲基碳酸酯共聚物支架的生物相容性。方法：采用组织块法原代分离培养SD大鼠脂肪干细胞,行流式细胞术及多向分化能力鉴定。将脂肪干细胞分别种植于聚乳酸-乙醇酸共聚物和聚乳酸-乙醇酸-三亚甲基碳酸酯共聚物支架中,扫描电镜观察细胞与支架的生物相容性。结果与结论：脂肪干细胞种植于两种支架材料后生长速度快,扫描电镜观察可见脂肪干细胞呈球型,并伸展形成伪足,贴附于支架材料,细胞间相互连接成团。说明聚乳酸-乙醇酸共聚物与聚三亚甲基碳酸酯共聚物支架均具有良好的生物相容性,无细胞毒性,其多孔的三维立体状结构适合脂肪干细胞黏附生长。