2型糖尿病患者周围神经病变危险因素分析

目的 探讨T2DM住院患者糖尿病周围神经病变（DPN）患病率及危险因素. 方法 选取T2DM住院患者205例,以多伦多临床评分系统（TCSS）评分作为DPN诊断标准,分为DPN组和无DPN（NDPN）组,比较两组各项指标. 结果 DPN患病率43.9％.DPN组年龄（57.76±12.50）vs（49.50±13.28）岁]、病程[（8.12±2.50）vs（5.67±1.99）年]、体重[（62.50±10.46） vs （67.03±13.43）kg]、DBP[（82.79±13.69）vs（86.98±12.18） mmHg]、BUN[（10.15±1.52）vs（41.35±5.66）μmol/L]、Scr[（102.79±61.56）vs（74.61±34.26）μmol/L]、UAlb/Cr[（211.66±26.78）vs（44.21±9.77）mg/24 h]和DR患病率[41（45.5％） vs 20（17.4％）]与NDPN组比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）.Logistic多元回归分析显示,年龄、病程、UAlb/Cr、合并DR与DPN发生呈正相关. 结论 年龄、病程、UAlb/Cr、合并DR可能是T2DM住院患者发生DPN的危险因素.     

Prevalence and clinical implications of painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy in type 2 diabetes: Results from a nationwide hospital-based study of diabetic neuropathy in Korea

Aims

To determine the prevalence and risk factors for painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy (PDPN) and evaluate sleep impairment and quality of life in patients with PDPN.

Methods

Data from the Korean Diabetes Association Neuropathy Study Group were used to evaluate 3999 patients with type 2 diabetes. PDPN was diagnosed using visual analogue scales (VAS) and medical history. The patients were asked to answer the Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form (BPI-SF), Medical Outcomes Study Sleep (MOS-Sleep) Scale, EuroQol (EQ-5D), and VAS.

Results

Among the patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (n = 1338), 577 (43.1%) were diagnosed with PDPN (14.4% of all patients with type 2 diabetes). PDPN was independently associated with age, female gender, fasting plasma glucose, hypertension, and previous cerebrovascular events. All pain severity and interference measures were higher in patients with PDPN than in non-PDPN patients, and patients with PDPN reported more impaired sleep and lower EQ-5D and VAS scores.

Conclusions

The prevalence of PDPN in Koreans was comparable to that in Western populations. PDPN may impair sleep and quality of life compared with non-PDPN, and physicians should carefully consider pain symptoms in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy.     

血糖波动与糖尿病周围神经病变的相关性

目的 探讨血糖波动与糖尿病周围神经病变（DPN）严重程度的相关性. 方法 选取DPN患者126例,根据多伦多神经病变评分分为轻、中、重度组.所有患者均采用动态血糖监测系统（CGMS）监测72 h,计算平均血糖水平（MBG）、日内平均血糖波动幅度（MAGE）、血糖波动最大幅度（DMMG）、血糖标准差（SD）,并记录年龄、性别、病程、BMI、HbA1c及一般生化指标. 结果 MBG、MAGE、SD随着神经病变严重程度的增加而增加（P＜0.05）,神经病变严重程度分别与MBG、MAGE呈正相关（β=0.249、0.196,P＜0.05）. 结论 T2DM患者血糖波动可能与DPN严重程度相关.     

Prevalence of peripheral neuropathy among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in a rural health centre in South India

International Journal of Diabetes in Developing Countries - There is a huge burden of diabetes-related complications, both microvascular and macrovascular, in India. With the rising prevalence of...     

血清同型半胱氨酸水平与2型糖尿病周围神经病变的关系

目的 探讨血清同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平与2型糖尿病周围神经病变(DPN)的关系.方法 188例2型糖尿病患者,通过症状、体征、量表评分、电生理检查及自主神经功能检测,诊断为DPN 101例,根据罗切斯特糖尿病神经病变研究项目(RDNS)将DPN按程度分级为N1、N2、N3级.取受检者空腹静脉血测定血清Hcy、叶酸、VitB12、血脂及肾功能水平,比较分析各组Hcy水平与其他生化指标的差异.结果 DPN组较非DPN组高Hcy血症发生率显著增高,分别为60%和44%(P=0.001);DPN组Hcy水平显著高于非DPN组,分别为(21±14)μmol/L和(15±8)μmol/L(P=0.001);随着DPN严重程度增加,血Hcy水平也逐渐增高,而叶酸、VitB12水平逐渐降低,差异有统计学意义;logistic回归显示高Hcy血症、病程、HbA1c、叶酸与DPN严重程度相关,Hcy水平每增加1 mmol/L则OR为1.518,95%可信区间为(0.417～4.601),P=0.026;同样,高Hcy血症组DPN发生率较正常组高,分别为60%和40%(P=0.022).结论 高Hcy血症是DPN的危险因素,病程、HbA1c、叶酸也与DPN严重程度相关.     

Prevalence and impact on quality of life of peripheral neuropathy with or without neuropathic pain in type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients attending hospital outpatients clinics

AimsDiabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) without or with neuropathic pain (DPN-P) is one of the most frequent complications of diabetes. To better delineate their respective prevalences, we conducted a cross-sectional study that included 1111 patients (767 type 2 and 344 type 1 diabetic patients) followed up in diabetic outpatients clinics. The association of DPN and DPN-P with other diabetic complications, the impact on quality of life (QoL) and pain management were also investigated.MethodsTwo validated tools (Neuropen^® and the DN4 questionnaire) were used to diagnose the two conditions. Pain intensity was measured using a visual analogue scale, and participants completed the 12-item Short-Form Health Survey to evaluate the physical and mental components of QoL. Univariate and multivariate models were used for the statistical analyses.ResultsThe prevalence of DPN was 43% (95% CI 40.1–45.9), and was higher in type 2 (50.8%) than in type 1 (25.6%) diabetic patients. The prevalence of DPN-P was 14% (95% CI 12.1–16.2) which, again, was higher in type 2 (17.9%) than in type 1 (5.8%) patients. These prevalences both increased with age and diabetes duration. Nephropathy, obesity, low HDL cholesterol and high triglyceride levels were independently associated with DPN and/or DPN-P. Physical and mental components of QoL were significantly altered by DPN-P, but not DPN. Only half of the DPN-P patients were using analgesic treatment, while 28% were using anticonvulsants or antidepressants.ConclusionDPN and DPN-P are frequent complications of diabetes, especially in type 2, and can be identified with inexpensive and easy-to-use screening tools. Despite its profound impact on QoL, DPN-P remains undertreated.     

Relationship between peripheral diabetic neuropathy and microvascular reactivity in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus -- neuropathy and microcirculation in diabetes.

The aim of the study was to evaluate differences in the relationship between peripheral diabetic neuropathy and microvascular reactivity in type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients. Twenty-eight type 1 and 37 type 2 diabetic patients were included in the study. Control groups consisted of 18 and 25, age and body mass index matched healthy persons. The presence of peripheral neuropathy was estimated by vibration perception threshold higher than 20 V evaluated by biothesiometry. Microvascular reactivity was examined by laser doppler fluxmetry using postocclusive reactive hyperemia and thermal hyperemia. The following variables of vascular reactivity were examined: peak flow after occlusion as a difference between maximal and basal perfusion (PORH (max)), mean velocity increase during postocclusive hyperemia (PORH (max)/t (1)), peak flow during thermal hyperemia (TH (max)) and the mean velocity increase in the perfusion during thermal hyperemia (TH (max)/t (2)). These parameters are expressed in perfusion units (PU) or in perfusion units per second (PU . s (-1)). The microvascular reactivity in type 1 diabetic patients without evidence of peripheral neuropathy was comparable with that in healthy persons and it was significantly higher than in type 1 diabetic patients with peripheral neuropathy in all tested parameters (PORH (max): 64 [40; 81] PU vs. 24 [17; 40] PU, p < 0.001, PORH (max)/t (1): 5.41 [2.69; 8.18] PU/s vs. 1.21 [0.69; 2.5] PU/s, p < 0.001, TH (max): 105 [77; 156] PU vs. 56 [46; 85] PU, p < 0.001 and TH (max)/t (2): 2.48 [1.67; 3.33] PU/s vs. 0.87 [0.73; 1.06] PU/s, p < 0.001). On the contrary, no difference in the microvascular reactivity parameters was found between type 2 diabetic patients with and without neuropathy (PORH (max): 48 [30; 60] PU vs. 49 [36; 57] PU, NS, PORH (max)/t (1): 3.46 [2.15; 5.19] PU/s vs. 3.29 [2.45; 4.8] PU/s, NS, TH (max): 95 [78; 156] PU vs. 97 [73; 127] PU, NS and TH (max)/t (2): 1.45 [0.95; 2.84] PU/s vs. 1.37 [1.12; 1.95] PU/s, NS). In both these groups microvascular reactivity was comparable with that estimated in the age and BMI matched healthy persons. An inverse relationship was observed between microvascular reactivity and vibratory perception threshold in type 1 diabetic patients, but it was not true in type 2 diabetic patients. We suppose that the pathogenesis of neuropathy and impaired microvascular reactivity may be differently influenced by metabolic factors in type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients.     

2型糖尿病患者听觉阈值与周围神经病变的关系分析

目的 通过比较无糖尿病的人群和2型糖尿病患者的纯音听阈值、振动觉阈值(VPT),了解2型糖尿病患者周围神经病变(DPN)与耳聋的关系.方法 测定173例研究对象的VPT及纯音听阈值,2型糖尿病患者同时测定感觉神经传导速度(SCV)和运动神经传导速度(MCV),将其分为对照组35例,无糖尿病神经病变组74例,糖尿病伴神经病变组64例.比较3组的基本情况、感音神经性耳聋(SNHL)发生率、纯音听阈值和VPT值,分析听阈值和神经传导速度的关系.结果 伴神经病变的糖尿病组SNHL发生率为29.69%,明显高于无糖尿病神经病变组(17.57%)和对照组(17.14%),且3组的年龄、糖尿病病程、HbA1c、糖化血清蛋白(GA)、空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖、VPT和听阈值之间有显著性差异(均P＜0.05).不同VPT亚组的听阈值之间也存在明显差异(均P＜0.05).正中神经传导速度与1.00、2.00、4.00、8.00kHz听阈值呈明显负相关,logistic回归分析显示,年龄(回归系数=0.088,P＜0.01)是SNHL的独立危险因素,正中神经MCV(回归系数=-0.135,P=0.046)是影响SNHL的重要因素.结论 糖尿病患者易影响中高频听力,DPN患者常同时合并听力受损,年龄、正中神经MCV是影响SNHL的主要危险因素.

Abstract：

Objective In order to investigate the relationship between hearing loss and diabetic peripheral neuropathy( DPN ) via comparing the pure tone thresholds and vibration perception threshold(VPT) in type 2 diabetic patients and control person without diabetes. Methods 173 subjects including 138 type 2 diabetic patients(DM)and 35 non-diabetes controls were examined for VPT and hearing threshold. Nerve conducting velocity ( NCV )including sensory nerve conducting velocity( SCV )and motorial nerve conducting velocity( MCV )of diabetic patients were determined. The participants were divided into three groups: control group (n = 35 ), DM group without peripheral neuropathy( non-PN group, n = 74 ), and DM group complicated with peripheral neuropathy (PN group,n = 64 ). The clinical characteristics, biochemical parameters , the incidence of sensorineural hearing loss ( SNHL),pure tone threshold, and VPT were compared among three groups. At last, the relationship between hearing thresholds and NCV were analyzed. Results The incidence of hearing impairment of sensorineural type was 29.69% in PN group, which was significantly higher than that of non-PN group( 17.57% )and control group( 17. 14% ). There was significant differences in age, duration of diabetes, glycolated hemoglobin (HbA1c), glycolated serum albumin ( GA), Fasting blood glucose( FPG), 2h postprandial blood glucose( PPG), VPT, and hearing threshold among the three groups( all P＜0. 05 ). The value of hearing threshold increased significantly( all P＜0. 05 ) in 3 VPT subgroups with VPT≤ 15 V, VPT 16-25 V, and VPT ＞25 V. The Spearman correlation analysis showed median NCV was negatively correlated with hearing threshold on 1.00, 2.00, 4. 00, and 8. 00 kHz ( All P ＜ 0. 05 ). The logistic regression analysis indicated that the age( regression coefficient =0. 088, P＜0. 01 ) was the independent risk factor of SNHL, median nerve MCV ( regression coefficient = -0. 135, P = 0. 046 ) was the important influencing factor of SNHL. Conclusion Diabetic patients are more likely to suffer from impaired middle-frequency and high-frequency hearing, DPN in patients is often complicated with hearing impairment. Age and median nerve MCV were major risk factors of SNHL in diabetic patients.     

血尿酸与2型糖尿病患者周围神经病变的相关性研究

目的：探讨血清尿酸（SUA）水平与2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者糖尿病周围神经并发症（DPN）的关系。方法选取2011年3月至2013年3月在首都医科大学附属复兴医院内分泌科住院及门诊就诊的T2DM患者920例。采集血清进行生化指标[空腹血糖（FBG）,糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）,总胆固醇（TC）,甘油三酯（TG）,低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）,SUA]检测,同时对入组患者是否患有DPN进行诊断并记录。SUA水平四分位法分为4个水平,logistic回归分析不同尿酸水平与DPN发病率的关系。结果 logistic回归分析结果显示SUA水平＞3.5mg/dl即第2个四分位后,SUA即为DPN的危险因素,且随着SUA水平的升高,其影响程度增加,OR值分别为2.95（2.02～8.76）,3.06（1.75～6.45）,4.15（0.84～6.74）,均P＜0.05。结论 SUA是DPN的一个危险因素,在DPN的临床治疗中除了降糖、降脂和降压之外,有效地降低SUA水平应该成为治疗中的一个重要环节。     

2型糖尿病踝肱指数与周围神经病变的关系：427例临床分析

目的探讨2型糖尿病患者踝肱指数与糖尿病周围神经病变（DPN）之间的关系。方法对427例2型糖尿病患者采用多普勒血流探测仪测定踝肱指数（ABI）,并依据ABI分为,周围动脉病变（PAD）组（ABI〈0．9）和非PAD组（ABI≥0．9）,同时检测所有患者胫后感觉神经传导速度（NCV）、潜伏期、振幅,进行组间比较,并对上述指标进行线性相关分析及多元线性回归。结果ABI〈0．9者115例,占26．9％,与非PAD组比较,PAD组周围NCV明显下降【左NCV：（30±8）VS（32±7）m／s,右NCV：（29±6）VS（33±7）m／s,P〈0．01],潜伏期延长[左潜伏期：（8．2±2．0）VS（7．4±1．4）ms,右潜伏期：（8．3±1．7）w（7．4±1．3）ms,P〈0．01],振幅下降[左振幅：（10±12）vs（15±16）mV,右振幅：（9±7）vs（14±13）mV,P〈0．011;相关分析显示,踝肱指数与潜伏期呈负相关、与振幅呈正相关;在调整年龄、病程、体质量指数（BMI）、收缩压、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL．C）、血肌酐、NCV和振幅,多元逐步回归提示,ABI与年龄、LDL．C、NCV、BMI相关。结论2型糖尿病患者中,PAD可能是DPN的重要危险因素或影响因素。     

Correction to: Prevalence of peripheral neuropathy among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in a rural health centre in South India

International Journal of Diabetes in Developing Countries - A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13410-020-00885-6     

Association of homocysteine with peripheral neuropathy in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes

Aim

To explore the relationship between plasma total homocysteine concentration and diabetic neuropathy in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods

Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes (n = 249) were enrolled in a cross-sectional hospital based study. Diabetic neuropathy status was documented by presence of clinical signs and confirmed by electromyography. Plasma total homocysteine concentration was measured using fluorescence polarization immunoassay. Traditional risk factors for diabetic neuropathy were obtained from fasting blood samples and interviewer-questionnaire.

Results

Plasma total homocysteine levels were higher in subjects with diabetic neuropathy than without (12.8 (9.2-14.8) μmol/l vs. 8.0 (7.7-9.1) μmol/l, p = 0.005). The association of homocysteine with diabetic neuropathy was independent of major traditional risk factors for diabetic neuropathy (duration of diabetes, HbA1c) and determinants of higher homocysteine concentration (age, gender, serum folate and vitamin B12, renal status, and Biguanide use) (OR: 1.12 (1.00-1.25), p = 0.042). Furthermore, per increase of 4.0 μmol/l plasma homocysteine was related to neuropathy, after controlling for per unit increase of other factors (OR: 1.17 (0.94-1.33), p = 0.045).

Conclusion

Plasma total homocysteine concentration was independently associated with occurrence of diabetic neuropathy in Chinese people. Future prospective studies are warranted to clarify the relationship.     

糖尿病周围神经病变的神经传导检查特点

目的 分析神经传导检查在糖尿病周围神经病变（DPN）中的特点,提高此方法诊断DPN的敏感性. 方法 对符合标准的213例患者的2283条神经行传统的神经传导、F波、H反射检查,并分析各条神经总的神经电生理检查情况. 结果 2283条神经进行常规神经传导检查结果显示,感觉神经传导速度（SCV）中,正中神经的异常率最高;运动神经传导速度（MCV）中,胫神经、正中神经异常率高;最长的胫神经运动神经神经传导异常率为47.45％,容易合并卡压的正中神经感觉神经传导异常率为46.83％,而腓肠神经感觉神经传导异常率最低（22.60％）.对有临床明确症状的21条神经进行神经传导检查,异常率可达76.19％.对感觉神经传导异常的尺神经进行运动神经传导检查,尺神经异常率为57.14％.常规神经传导检查,正中神经感觉神经传导异常率（46.83％）高于正中神经运动神经传导异常率（41.13％）.正中神经感觉神经传导异常者运动神经传导异常率为76.56％,正中神经运动神经传导异常者感觉神经传导异常率为89.63％.尺神经F波、胫神经H反射的异常率分别为25.83％、52.24％.结论 DPN具有长度依赖性、与临床表现一致、感觉重于运动、全长弥漫受累等特点,根据这些特点选择神经进行神经传导检查,可提高神经传导检查诊断DPN的敏感性.     

Variability of fasting plasma glucose and the risk of painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes

Aim

The relationship between glycaemic variability and painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy (PDPN) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate whether variations in fasting plasma glucose (FPG), as represented by the coefficient of variation (CV), were associated with the risk of PDPN in patients with T2D.

Association of reduced glyoxalase 1 activity and painful peripheral diabetic neuropathy in type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus patients

AimsThe present study was undertaken to investigate the relationship between glyoxalase 1 (Glo1) enzyme activity and painful diabetic neuropathy (DN) in patients with diabetes mellitus.MethodsGlo1 activity and biochemical markers were determined in blood samples from 108 patients with type 1 diabetes, 109 patients with type 2 diabetes, and 132 individuals without diabetes as a control. Painful and painless peripheral DN was assessed and multivariate regression analysis was used to determine independent association of Glo1 activity with occurrence of painful DN.ResultsIn patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus and painful DN compared to patients with painless DN, Glo1 activity was significantly reduced by 12 and 14%, respectively. The increase in Glo1 activity was significantly associated with reduced occurrence of painful DN after adjusting for confounders by multivariate analysis.ConclusionsOur results demonstrate for the first time that Glo1 activity is lower in patients with both types of diabetes mellitus who were diagnosed with painful DN. These data support the hypothesis that Glo1 activity modulates the phenotype of DN and warrant further investigation into the role of Glo1 in DN.     

2型糖尿病外周感觉神经病变和心自主神经病变关系的研究

目的探讨T2DM外周感觉神经病变和心自主神经病变之间的关系。方法选取T2DM患者148例,采集临床资料,测定FPG、HbA1c及LDL-C等生化指标;进行定量感觉神经检查(以色列TSA-II定量感觉神经测定仪),结合临床症状评价糖尿病外周感觉神经病变;进行心血管反射试验检查,结合临床症状评价糖尿病心自主神经病变。结果外周感觉神经病变的患病率为28%,心自主神经病变的患病率为10%;无外周感觉神经病变的患者中心自主神经病变的患病率为6%,存在外周感觉神经病变的患者中心自主神经病变的患病率为21%;与对照组相比,外周感觉神经病变组和心自主神经病变组的病程较长,FPG、HbA1c及LDL-C水平较高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论糖尿病心自主神经病变可发生于无外周感觉神经病变的患者;病程、FPG、HbA1c及LDL-C可能为糖尿病外周感觉神经病变和心自主神经病变的危险因素。