肺痹方干预肺纤维化模型小鼠细胞外基质转化的机制

背景:肺组织损伤修复过程中,细胞外基质成分首先填补损伤肺组织,当其过度沉积时可形成肺间质纤维化。目的:探讨肺痹方对博莱霉素致肺纤维化小鼠细胞外基质转化的干预作用。方法:将60只C57BL/6雄性小鼠随机分为空白对照组、模型组、吡非尼酮组、肺痹方低剂量组、肺痹方中剂量组、肺痹方高剂量组,每组10只。除空白对照组外,其余5组腹腔注射博莱霉素[7.5 mg/(kg·d)]建立肺纤维化模型,连续注射10 d。造模后第1天各药物组灌胃给药[51.43 mg/(kg·d)]吡非尼酮,[6.43,12.86,25.72 mg/(kg·d)肺痹方],连续给药28 d。用药28 d后取肺组织,采用苏木精-伊红染色和Masson染色观察小鼠肺组织的形态学变化,ELISA法检测血清中转化生长因子β1、肿瘤坏死因子α水平,Western blot法检测肺组织中α-平滑肌肌动蛋白、Ⅰ型胶原、Ⅲ型胶原的表达。结果与结论:①与空白对照组相比,各组小鼠血清转化生长因子β1水平显著升高(P<0.01);与模型组相比,吡非尼酮组、肺痹方中剂量组、肺痹方高剂量组血清转化生长因子β1水平显著降低(P<0.05,P<0.01),肺痹方高剂量组降低最明显;②与模型组相比,用药各组血清肿瘤坏死因子α水平明显降低(P<0.01),用药各组之间两两比较差异无显著性意义(P>0.05);③与空白对照组相比,各组α-平滑肌肌动蛋白表达均不同程度增高(P<0.05,P<0.01);肺痹方高剂量组α-平滑肌肌动蛋白表达低于肺痹方低、中剂量组,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05);④与空白对照组相比,模型组、肺痹方低剂量组Ⅰ型胶原表达增高(P<0.05,P<0.01);与模型组相比,肺痹方中、高剂量组Ⅰ型胶原表达降低(P<0.05);⑤与空白对照组相比,各组Ⅲ型胶原表达均不同程度增高(P<0.05,P<0.01);肺痹方中、高剂量组以及吡非尼酮组Ⅲ型胶原表达明显低于肺痹方低剂量组(P<0.05,P<0.01);⑥结果表明,肺痹方可以减轻肺纤维化,抑制博来霉素诱导的肺纤维化小鼠细胞外基质转化,其机制可能与下调血清中转化生长因子β1、肿瘤坏死因子α水平,抑制肺组织中α-平滑肌肌动蛋白、Ⅰ型胶原、Ⅲ型胶原表达有关。     

吉非替尼抑制博莱霉素诱导的小鼠肺纤维化

目的:观察吉非替尼对博莱霉素诱导的小鼠肺纤维化的抑制作用。方法:将40只SPF级雌性BALB/c小鼠分为4组:对照组(气管滴入生理盐水)、单纯口服吉非替尼组(吉非替尼灌胃200 mg/kg)、纤维化组(气管滴入博莱霉素3 mg/kg)、纤维化吉非替尼干预组(气管滴入博莱霉素+吉非替尼灌胃20 mg/kg)。实验第14 d杀鼠取肺,左肺石蜡切片行HE染色与Masson染色,免疫组化检测总表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)及磷酸化EG-FR;取右肺检测羟脯氨酸含量。结果:纤维化吉非替尼干预组肺病理损伤较纤维化组减轻,气道上皮下胶原沉积及肺羟脯氨酸含量减少(P0.05),气道上皮及肺间质细胞磷酸化EGFR表达评分下降(P0.05)。单纯口服吉非替尼组小鼠气道上皮下未见明显胶原沉积,肺羟脯氨酸含量及磷酸化EGFR表达评分与对照组相比无显著差异(P0.05)。结论:吉非替尼灌胃能显著抑制博莱霉素诱导的小鼠肺纤维化,大剂量(200 mg/kg)吉非替尼灌胃未引起明显肺纤维化。     

盐皮质激素受体在博来霉素诱导的实验性肺纤维化中的作用*

 目的：研究盐皮质激素受体（MR）在博来霉素诱导的实验性肺纤维化进展过程中的作用及机制。方法：将126只6～8周龄雄性C57BL/6小鼠随机分为对照组、博来霉素组和MR阻断剂螺内酯干预组,气管内一次性滴注博来霉素(2.5 mg/kg)溶液建立实验性小鼠肺纤维化模型,螺内酯干预组每天按螺内酯20 mg/kg经灌胃给药。于术后12 h、1 d、2 d、3 d、7 d、14 d和28 d处死小鼠,采用HE染色和Masson染色观察肺组织病理学变化及纤维化程度,采用real-time PCR检测各组肺组织中胶原1(Col1)、Col3、转化生长因子β(TGF-β)、单核细胞趋化蛋白1（MCP-1）及MR mRNA的表达水平。结果：（1）与对照组小鼠相比,博来霉素组及螺内酯干预组小鼠在滴注博来霉素后经历了典型的急性炎症期（12 h～3 d）、纤维化进展期（14 d）和纤维化晚期（28 d）。阻断MR下调早期炎症反应并减轻了纤维化程度。（2）螺内酯干预可以有效降低MR mRNA表达水平;阻断MR在急性炎症期显著下调MCP-1 mRNA的表达,在14 d显著下调TGF-β、Col1和Col3 mRNA表达水平。结论：(1）阻断MR可以明显减轻博来霉素诱导的肺纤维化程度;(2）阻断MR可能通过在急性炎症期调节MCP-1和TGF-β的表达,减轻炎症反应,并在纤维化进展期,下调TGF-β的表达,从而抑制肺纤维化的进展。     

IL-37 抑制IL-18 在大鼠肺纤维化模型中的表达及意义的探讨

目的:初步研究博来霉素致肺纤维化大鼠肺组织中IL-37、IL-18 的表达水平,探讨其在PF 发生、发展中的表达及意义。方法:将45 只清洁级Wistar 大鼠按随机数字表法分为健康对照组(N 组)、博来霉素组(B 组)、地塞米松治疗组(D组),每组大鼠各15 只,B 组及D 组大鼠给予气管内注射博来霉素4 mg/ kg 制作肺纤维化模型,N 组给予相同体积生理盐水作为对照,D 组大鼠于肺纤维化造模基础上第2 天每日腹腔注射地塞米3 mg/ kg,N、B 组大鼠腹腔注射生理盐水作为对照。各组大鼠分别于造模后第7、14、28 天处死,HE 染色评价肺组织病理形态学变化,碱水解法及酶联免疫吸附法分别测定肺组织匀浆中羟脯氨酸(HYP)、IL-37 含量,RT-PCR 法测定肺组织中IL-18mRNA 表达量。结果: HE 染色显示B、D 组大鼠肺组织病理学改变由肺泡炎症逐渐发展为纤维化,B、D 组HYP 含量随时间推移逐渐升高,以第28 天为著(P<0.05);于B、D 组IL-37、IL-18mRNA 表达于第7 天升高至最高点,后逐渐降低,至第28 天均高于N 组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05); D 组IL-37、IL-18mRNA 表达在同一时间均低于B 组(P<0.05)。结论:IL-37、IL-18 在大鼠肺纤维化发病早期起重要作用,可能参与了肺纤维化发生与发展。     

灵菌红素对小鼠肺纤维化及其对Wnt/β-catenin信号通路的影响

目的观察灵菌红素对小鼠肺纤维化的改善作用,探讨Wnt/β-catenin信号通路的调控机制。方法C57BL/6小鼠随机分为对照组(Control group)、博来霉素组(Bleomycin group)和灵菌红素组(Peptide group),每组15只。除对照组外,其余各组小鼠气管内分别一次性注入100μL博莱霉素溶液(5mg/kg)以制备小鼠肺纤维化模型;造模完成后,治疗组分别腹腔注射300μg/kg灵菌红素或300 mg/kg吡非尼酮,连续28天。HE及Masson染色观察肺组织病理变化;测定肺组织羟脯氨酸含量;Western Blot检测肺组织中TGF-β1、α-SMA、Colla I、CollaⅢ及GSK-3β、p-GSK-3β、α-catenin蛋白的表达。结果灵菌红素明显改善小鼠肺组织病理损伤,降低肺组织中羟脯氨酸含量,下调TGF-β1、α-SMA、Colla I、CollaⅢ、p-GSK-3β及β-catenin蛋白表达水平,上调GSK-3蛋白表达水平。结论灵菌红素改善小鼠肺纤维化,与抑制Wnt/β-catenin信号通路活性相关。     

依那西普抑制博来霉素诱导的小鼠肺纤维化

 目的：观察肿瘤坏死因子 α(TNF-α)拮抗剂依那西普对博来霉素诱导的肺纤维化小鼠的抑制纤维化作用,并探讨依那西普治疗肺纤维化的可能机制。方法：将45只SPF级雌性昆明小鼠随机分为3组：对照组（气管内雾化生理盐水）、纤维化组（气管内博来霉素3 mg/kg溶于100 μL生理盐水内雾化）和依那西普干预组（气管内雾化博来霉素后,4 mg/kg依那西普溶于100 μL生理盐水内腹腔注射,每3 d注射1次）。处理后第28 d收集样本,小鼠左肺置于10%中性甲醛固定,石蜡包埋切片后行HE与Masson染色;右肺碱水解法检测组织羟脯氨酸(HYP)的含量;酶联免疫法检测血清TNF-α和转化生长因子 β（TGF-β）的含量;提取肺组织总蛋白,Western blotting 检测磷酸化ERK1/2、JNK和p38的表达。结果：依那西普干预组肺组织病理损伤及气道上皮下胶原沉积较纤维化组减轻,肺叶炎症损伤评分和纤维化评分明显下降（均P<0.01）,肺组织HYP含量显著降低（P<0.05）,血清TNF-α 和TGF-β的浓度明显减少（均P<0.01）,肺组织ERK1/2、JNK和p38蛋白的磷酸化水平也显著下降（P<0.01,P<0.05,P<0.01）。结论：依那西普能显著下调TNF-α 和TGF-β的水平,从而抑制ERK1/2、JNK和p38的活化,缓解博来霉素诱导的小鼠肺纤维化病变。     

吉非替尼通过增加Foxo3a活性抑制肺纤维化小鼠上皮-间质转分化

 目的：研究吉非替尼对肺纤维化小鼠转录因子叉头框蛋白O3a(Foxo3a)活性、α-平滑肌肌动蛋白（α-SMA）水平及相关通路的影响,探讨吉非替尼抑制肺上皮-间质转分化的可能机制。方法：将30只SPF级雌性昆明小鼠随机分为3组：对照组（生理盐水气管内雾化）、博来霉素组（博来霉素3 mg/kg溶于100 μL生理盐水气管内雾化）和吉非替尼处理组（博来霉素气管内雾化后,每天吉非替尼20 mg/kg溶于100 μL生理盐水灌胃）。实验第14天收集样本,将小鼠肺组织置于10%中性甲醛固定,石蜡包埋切片后行HE与Masson染色;RT-PCR法检测Foxo3a和α-SMA mRNA表达水平;Western blotting法检测表皮生长因子受体（EGFR）、Akt、Foxo3a和α-SMA蛋白表达水平。结果：吉非替尼处理组小鼠肺组织病理损伤较博来霉素组明显减轻,胶原沉积明显减少,炎症损伤评分及纤维化评分明显下降（均P<0.01）,Foxo3a mRNA表达水平明显升高（P<0.05）,α-SMA mRNA表达水平明显下降（P<0.05）,总Foxo3a蛋白表达增加,但Foxo3a磷酸化水平显著下降(P<0.01),胞核Foxo3a蛋白明显增加（P<0.05）;同时,EGFR和Akt磷酸化水平也显著下降（P<0.01,P<0.05）,上皮-间质转分化标志蛋白α-SMA表达水平明显降低（P<0.05）。结论:吉非替尼抑制博来霉素诱导的肺纤维化,其机制可能与抑制EGFR/Akt通路活化、增强转录因子Foxo3a活性、从而抑制上皮-间质转分化密切相关。     

1,25(OH)2VD3 对大鼠肺纤维化中IL-9 及PU-1 表达水平的影响

目的:探讨肺纤维化发生发展中IL-9 及PU.1 的作用以及活性维生素D3 [1,25(OH)2 VD3 ]在纤维化过程中对两种因子表达水平的影响。方法:90 只SPF 级雄性SD 大鼠随机分成三个组:对照组、模型组和治疗组(n =30)。模型组和治疗组经气管注入博来霉素(5 mg/ kg)建立肺纤维化模型,对照组注入等体积生理盐水。治疗组于手术后第2 天腹腔注射活性维生素D3 ,模型组注射等量的活性维生素D3 溶剂(丙二醇),对照组注射等量的生理盐水。各种处理均为两天一次。分别于手术后第14、21 和28 天处死大鼠取材,各小组每个时间点10 只大鼠。HE 染色法观察各组实验大鼠肺部病理变化,Masson染色法观察胶原纤维的差异,碱水解法检测羟脯氨酸含量的变化。应用Real-time PCR 和免疫组化技术分别从mRNA 水平和蛋白质水平检测大鼠肺组织中IL-9 及PU.1 的表达,ELISA 法检测血清中IL-9 的表达水平。结果:博来霉素处理后,第14 天大鼠肺部已经出现纤维化,随着时间推移,纤维化进一步加重。在三个时间点,模型组和治疗组的羟脯氨酸含量明显高于对照组,而治疗组明显低于模型组。在三个时间点,治疗组和模型组中IL-9 及PU.1 的表达量均逐渐增高,且都显著高于对照组;第14、21 天治疗组两种因子的表达量均明显低于相应时间点的模型组,第28 天时治疗组与模型组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。第21 天模型组和治疗组IL鄄9 和PU郾1 的表达水平明显高于第14 天,第28 天与第21 天比较差异无统计学意义。结论:IL-9 和PU.1 在博来霉素引起的大鼠肺纤维化早期可能发挥促纤维化作用。活性维生素D3 可能通过降低PU.1 的表达水平,进而减少IL-9 的分泌,从而对大鼠肺纤维化的发生发展起一定的抑制作用。     

甘草甜素抑制肺纤维化大鼠肺组织单核细胞趋化蛋白-1的表达

目的: 观察甘草甜素对博来霉素(BLM)诱导的大鼠肺纤维化的干预作用及可能机制。方法: 随机将大鼠分为对照组、肺纤维化模型组、甘草甜素干预组。气管内注入博莱霉素造成动物模型后,于当天开始每天给药,分别于7 、28 d处死,取肺组织,行嗜伊红染色、Masson染色；检测肺组织匀浆中羟脯氨酸(HYP) 的变化; RT-PCR法测肺组织单核细胞趋化因子-1 mRNA的表达,免疫组化测肺组织单核细胞趋化因子-1蛋白的表达。结果: 干预组肺纤维化程度轻于模型组; 肺组织匀浆羟脯氨酸(HYP)含量显著低于模型组( P<0.01) ;在模型组 MCP-1第7 d表达就明显升高，第28 d下降，但仍高于对照组，干预组与模型组有同一规律，但均减弱，第7、28 d与模型组(M组)比较，P<0.05。结论: 甘草甜素能减轻博莱霉素诱导的大鼠肺纤维化，这种作用可能部分是通过抑制MCP-1的表达而实现。     

ST2在博来霉素诱导的肺纤维化小鼠体内的动态表达北大核心CSCD

目的:探讨ST2是否在博来霉素(Bleomycin,BLM)诱导的肺纤维化小鼠体内表达,进一步探索肺纤维化的发病机制。方法:BLM诱导急性肺纤维化模型,H&E、Masson染色检测肺部急性炎症及纤维化程度。Western blot检测蛋白ST2的动态表达,酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测肺组织中的IL-4、IFN-γ水平,IFN-γ/IL-4代表Th1/Th2。结果:与对照组相比,BLM组中蛋白ST2、MyD88、TRAF6的表达呈现出一致的上升趋势,在第7、14、28天的差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);在肺纤维化过程中IFN-γ/IL-4比值逐渐减小,与对照组相比,在第14、28天时的差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);蛋白ST2、MyD88、TRAF6的表达与IL-4的相对表达趋势一致,而与IFN-γ的相对表达趋势相反。结论:在肺纤维化过程中,伴有蛋白ST2、MyD88、TRAF6的高表达;ST2介导的Th1/Th2细胞因子漂移参与了肺纤维化过程。     

Combination Therapy with Pirfenidone plus Prednisolone Ameliorates Paraquat-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis

Pirfenidone is known to slow the decline in vital capacity and increase survival in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Besides, administration of glucocorticoids, e.g., prednisolone has been the conventional strategy to the treatment of patients with this disease, although their efficacy is under debate. Since multiple coactivated pathways are involved in the pathogenesis of IPF, combination therapy is a foundation strategy to cover many more synergetic mechanisms and increase response. The aim of the present study was to compare the therapeutic efficacy of prednisolone plus pirfenidone with pirfenidone alone in PQ-induced lung fibrosis. After development of PQ-induced lung fibrosis, pirfenidone, prednisolone, and their combination were administered for 14 consecutive days. Lung pathological lesions, along with increased hydroxyproline were determined in the paraquat group. Paraquat also caused oxidative stress and increasing the proinflammatory and profibrotic gene expression. Pirfenidone attenuated the PQ-induced pulmonary fibrosis from the analysis of antioxidant enzymes but prednisolone had no such effect. Co-treatment with pirfenidone and prednisolone suppressed lung hydroxyproline content, TGF-β1, and TNF-α; however, prednisolone alone could not suppress pulmonary fibrosis which was significantly suppressed only by pirfenidone. Pirfenidone also suppressed the increase in MMP-2 and TIMP-1 induced by PQ. All of these effects were exaggerated when pirfenidone coadministered with prednisolone. These findings suggest that pirfenidone exerts its antifibrotic effect through regulation of hydroxyproline content, oxidative stress and proinflammatory and profibrotic gene expression during the development of PQ-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats and combination therapy with prednisolone can represent more potent therapeutic effects.     

Beneficial effects of early (but not late) intervention of heme oxygenase-1 on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice

The aim of this study is to explore the effects of early and late intervention in heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression or activity on pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Mice were divided into four groups: one control and three bleomycin hydrochloride-induced groups in which mice were administered phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), hemin or Cr (III) mesoporphyrin IX chloride (CrMP). Early intervention with hemin, an HO-1 inducer, abrogated bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis (fibrotic/reparative score decrease from 21.0±2.4 to 13.8±1.7, P<0.01), and early intervention with CrMP, an HO-1 inhibitor, worsened bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis (fibrotic/reparative score increase from 21.0±2.4 to 32.5±2.9, P<0.01). Elevated glutathione expression and reduced expression of TGF-β1, hydroxyproline, LDH and MDA were seen in the lungs of the early hemin intervention group compared to that seen in the PBS group (P<0.05). These results taken together show that HO-1 can prevent or ameliorate pulmonary fibrosis and oxidative stress and inflammation at an early stage of pulmonary fibrosis.     

Effect of diet-ingested pirfenidone on pulmonary function, cardiovasculature and blood gas measurements in rats.

Pirfenidone is an antifibrotic drug that we have shown attenuates the increase in collagen buildup in hamsters exposed to bleomycin, in turn reducing pulmonary function and blood gas decrements seen in this model of interstitial pulmonary fibrosis. The systemic effects of pirfenidone ingestion, however, are unknown. We examined the effect of diet-ingested pirfenidone on pulmonary function, systemic and pulmonary cardiovasculature and blood gas measurements, breathing pattern and lung hydroxyproline content in rats fed either a control diet or a diet containing 0.5% pirfenidone. Residual volume was higher and expiratory reserve volume lower in the pirfenidone group, with no change in functional residual capacity. Tidal volume was also lower in the pirfenidone group, with no change in the overall level of ventilation. There was a trend toward a reduced hydroxyproline content and an increased lung compliance in the pirfenidone group. There were no differences in systemic or pulmonary pressures, cardiac output, stroke volume, heart rate, pH or blood gases between the two groups. These data indicate that pirfenidone has few systemic side-effects but may have a mild effect on the basal level of lung collagen content with resulting clinical changes in some pulmonary function measurements and changes in breathing pattern.     

结缔组织生长因子在博莱霉素诱导的小鼠肺纤维化中的作用探讨

目的:检测结缔组织生长因子(CTGF)在小鼠肺内的表达,并探讨其在肺纤维化中的意义。方法:通过向气管内滴入博莱霉素建立小鼠肺纤维化模型。用免疫组化染色方法检测不同时期肺组织中CTGF蛋白的表达;用RT PCR检测CTGFmRNA的表达;用酸水解法测定肺羟脯氨酸的含量。结果:在正常小鼠肺组织中,CTGF蛋白和其mRNA几乎不表达;而在模型组的肺组织中表达明显升高(P<0.01)。CTGF蛋白表达于支气管/细支气管上皮细胞、肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞和肺成纤维细胞,表达量与肺组织中羟脯氨酸的含量呈显著的正相关(r=0.92,P<0.001)。结论:CTGF与肺纤维化的形成关系密切,CTGF检测可作为评价肺纤维化发生、发展的一种灵敏的指标。     

替普瑞酮诱导肺纤维化大鼠肺HSP70表达及干预肺纤维化的研究

目的:研究替普瑞酮(GGA)对博莱霉素(BLM)诱导的肺纤维化大鼠肺组织HSP70表达的影响及对大鼠肺纤维化的干预作用。方法:SD大鼠30只,随机分为假手术组(SO)、模型组(M)和替普瑞酮组(GGA)。M组和GGA组大鼠气管内一次性注射BLM 5 mg/kg,SO组大鼠气管内注射等体积的生理盐水。造模后第1天开始隔天灌胃给予GGA,持续到处死动物的前1天,模型组灌服等体积的生理盐水。记录大鼠每日体重,造模后第28天时处死大鼠,测定肺纤维化大鼠的肺系数、肺组织内HSP70表达及羟脯氨酸(HYP)的含量,观察肺组织病理改变。结果:GGA能提高博莱霉素处理后大鼠肺组织HSP70的表达(P<0.01);与M组相比,大鼠体重下降得到明显恢复(P<0.01),而肺组织的肺系数和羟脯氨酸(HYP)含量则明显降低(P<0.05),病理结果显示肺泡内结构完整,未出现类似M组肺组织实变现象,肺纤维化程度较轻。结论:替普瑞酮能诱导BLM肺纤维化模型大鼠肺组织HSP70表达,减轻肺纤维化程度。     

博来霉素致大鼠肺纤维化模型肺组织的动态病理变化及其发生机制

目的： 了解博来霉素（BLM）致大鼠肺纤维化模型肺组织的动态病理变化,探讨BLM致肺纤维化的作用机制。方法：60只雄性SD大鼠采用随机数字表法分为正常对照组（N组）和肺纤维化模型组（B3、B7、B14、B28、B56组）,每组10只。除N组外,其余各组采用气管内注入BLM致大鼠肺纤维化模型, 分别于3、7、14、28、56 d处死各组大鼠,右肺行苏木精-依红（HE）、Masson胶原及天狼猩红染色,测定左肺羟脯氨酸（HYP）的含量。 RT-PCR法半定量测定转化生长因子-1（TGF-β1）、基质金属蛋白酶-9（MMP-9）和基质金属蛋白酶组织抑制物-1（TIMP-1）mRNA在肺内的表达。免疫组化法观察TGF-β1、MMP-9及TIMP-1蛋白在大鼠肺组织的表达。结果：(1) 模型组大鼠肺组织HYP含量显著高于N组（P<0.05）,模型组大鼠肺组织肺泡炎症的程度也明显重于N组,B14、B28和B56组大鼠肺纤维化的程度明显重于N组,大鼠在灌注BLM后不同时点其肺组织有着不同的病理变化。 (2) TGF-β1、MMP-9及TIMP-1在正常组大鼠肺脏中即有表达,但表达较弱,灌注BLM后它们的表达均增强,不同时点它们在肺组织内的分布有不同的特点。结论：给予后不同时点大鼠肺组织有着不同的病理变化特点,TGF-β1、MMP-9和TIMP-1在BLM诱导的肺纤维化形成过程中起着重要的调节作用。     

吡非尼酮抑制TGF-β1诱导的人肺成纤维细胞表型转化

目的:研究吡非尼酮(PFD)是否抑制转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)诱导的人肺成纤维细胞(HLFs)表型转化。方法:MTT法检测细胞存活率;Ed U法检测细胞的增殖能力;Transwell实验检测细胞的迁移和侵袭能力,Western blot法和细胞免疫荧光检测α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)的蛋白水平,实时荧光定量PCR检测α-SMA和Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原蛋白的mRNA表达水平。结果:不同浓度的吡非尼酮(0.1、0.2、0.3、0.5和0.8 mg/L)无明显的细胞毒性作用,后续实验应用0.2 mg/L为干预浓度。吡非尼酮(0.2 mg/L)预处理HLFs能明显地抑制TGF-β1诱导的细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭能力,下调Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原蛋白的mRNA表达水平(P0.05),并且干扰TGF-β1诱导的细胞骨架重组和表型转化,使α-SMA的mRNA和蛋白水平均下降(P0.05)。结论:吡非尼酮能有效地抑制TGF-β1所诱导的HLFs细胞功能和表型转化。     

Endothelial Colony-Forming Cells Do Not Participate to Fibrogenesis in a Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis Model in Nude Mice

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a devastating lung disease characterized by fibroblast proliferation, extracellular matrix deposition, destruction of pulmonary alveolar architecture and vascular remodeling. Apart pirfenidone or nintendanib that only slow down the fibrotic process, there is no curative treatment other than lung transplantation. Because cell therapy approaches have been proposed in IPF, we hypothesized that injection of endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs), the vasculogenic subtype of endothelial progenitor cells, could modulate fibrosis in a Nude mouse model of bleomycin induced-pulmonary fibrosis. Mice were injected with ECFCs isolated from cord blood and from peripheral blood of adult IPF patients at two time-points: during the development of the fibrosis or once the fibrosis was constituted. We assessed morbidity, weight variation, collagen deposition, lung imaging by microCT, Fulton score and microvascular density. Neither ECFCs isolated from cord blood nor from IPF patients were able to modulate fibrosis or vascular density during fibrogenesis or when fibrosis was constituted. These findings indicate that human ECFCs do not promote an adaptive regenerative response in the lung upon fibrosis or angiogenic process in the setting of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in Nude mice.     

The role of high mobility group box1 in pulmonary fibrosis

High mobility group box1 protein (HMGB1) was originally discovered as a nuclear binding protein, and is known to play an important role in acute lung injury. However, the role of HMGB1 in pulmonary fibrosis has not been addressed. Therefore, we measured the HMGB1 levels in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF) from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), nonspecific interstitial pneumonia, interstitial pneumonia associated with collagen vascular diseases, and hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We also assessed the HMGB1 expression in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice, and examined the effect of anti-HMGB1 antibody and ethyl pyluvate, which inhibits the HMGB1 secretion from alveolar macrophages. In addition, we examined the effect of HMGB1 on fibroblast proliferation, apoptosis, and collagen synthesis in vitro. Serum HMGB1 levels were not significantly increased in interstitial lung diseases compared with control subjects. BALF HMGB1 levels were significantly increased in IPF and HP compared with control subjects. HMGB1 protein was predominantly detected in inflammatory cells and hyperplasic epithelial cells in IPF. In bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice, HMGB1 protein was predominantly up-regulated in bronchiolar epithelial cells at early phase and in alveolar epithelial and inflammatory cells in fibrotic lesions at later phase. Intraperitoneal injection of anti-HMGB1 antibody or ethyl pyluvate significantly attenuated lung inflammation and fibrosis in this model. HMGB1 significantly induced proliferation, but not apoptosis or collagen synthesis on cultured fibroblasts. HMGB1 may be a promising target against pulmonary fibrosis as well as acute lung injury.     

大黄酸通过抑制miR-21而干预TGF-β1/Smad通路并减轻博莱霉素所致大鼠肺纤维化

目的:观察大黄酸(rhein,RH)对博莱霉素所致肺纤维化大鼠微小RNA-21(miR-21)表达以及转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)/Smad通路的影响。方法:博莱霉素一次性气管内注射复制大鼠肺纤维化模型,随机分为RH低、中、高剂量组及模型(model)组;正常对照组大鼠气管内注射生理盐水。用药28 d后,HE染色观察各组大鼠肺组织形态学的变化;测定肺系数、肺组织羟脯氨酸含量;real-time PCR检测肺组织中miR-21和TGF-β1/Smad7m RNA表达;Western blot法分析TGF-β1和Smad7蛋白的表达。结果:与model组相比,RH用药组大鼠的肺泡炎及肺纤维化程度有明显降低,肺系数及肺组织羟脯氨酸含量也显著减少,肺组织中miR-21表达下降,TGF-β1的m RNA和蛋白表达水平也明显下降,Smad7的mRNA及蛋白表达水平明显增高(P0.05)。结论:RH抗肺纤维化的作用可能与抑制miR-21的表达,从而干预TGF-β1/Smad信号通路,减少细胞外基质沉积有关。