3种常用藏药的体外抑菌活性研究

目的 测定藏药七十味珍珠丸、八味秦皮丸、仁青常觉的体外抑菌活性。方法 用肉汤稀释法和牛津杯法研究体外抑菌活性,根据最小抑菌浓度(MIC)及抑菌圈大小判断3种藏药的抑菌活性。结果 七十味珍珠丸的抑菌作用由强到弱为金黄色葡萄球菌>枯草芽孢杆菌>铜绿假单胞菌>乙型副伤寒沙门菌>白色念珠菌>大肠埃希氏菌;八味秦皮丸的抑菌作用由强到弱依次为金黄色葡萄球菌>枯草芽孢杆菌>铜绿假单胞菌>乙型副伤寒沙门菌>大肠埃希氏菌>白色念珠菌;仁青常觉的抑菌作用由强到弱依次为金黄色葡萄球菌>枯草芽孢杆菌>铜绿假单胞菌>白色念珠菌>乙型副伤寒沙门菌>大肠埃希氏菌。结论 3种藏药对6种试验菌株的生长均具有不同程度的抑制作用,普遍对金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和铜绿假单胞菌具有较强的抑制作用,其中八味秦皮丸对大肠埃希菌的生长具有显著的抑制作用,仁青常觉对白色念珠菌的生长抑制作用强于七十味珍珠丸和八味秦皮丸。     

皂角刺提取物体外抑菌杀菌作用研究

目的探讨皂角刺提取物对实验室常见菌(大肠埃希菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、白念珠菌、铜绿假单胞菌)的体外抑菌杀菌作用。方法制备不同溶剂不同浓度的皂角刺提取物,采用滤纸片法测其抑菌杀菌作用,二倍稀释法测其最低抑菌浓度。结果皂角刺提取物对大肠埃希菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、白念珠菌和铜绿假单胞菌的抑菌杀菌作用不明显,对金黄色葡萄球菌有一定的抑菌杀菌作用。皂角刺水提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌的最低抑菌浓度为25.0 mg.mL-1;皂角刺乙醇提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌的最低抑菌浓度为12.5 mg.mL-1。结论不同溶剂、不同浓度的皂角刺提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌均有抑菌和杀菌作用。     

淫羊藿不同提取物的体外抑菌实验研究

摘 要 目的：考察淫羊藿不同提取物的体外抑菌作用。方法: 采用倍比稀释法考察淫羊藿不同提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、白色念珠菌和枯草芽孢杆菌的抑菌作用,测定抑菌圈大小、最小抑菌浓度（MIC）和最低杀菌浓度（MBC）。结果: 淫羊藿提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、白色念珠菌和枯草芽孢氏菌均呈现不同程度的抑菌能力,水提物的抑菌能力强于醇提物（P<0.05或P<0.01）;水提物经过不同温度热处理后对各菌株的抑菌能力无显著差异（P>0.05）,醇提物经高温处理后抑菌能力呈下降趋势,温度越高抑菌能力越弱（P<0.05）。淫羊藿水提物对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、枯草芽孢杆菌的MIC和MBC相同,分别为7.81,1.95,31.25 mg·mL^-1,白色念珠菌的MIC和MBC分别为15.63,31.25 mg·mL^-1;淫羊藿醇提物对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、白色念珠菌的MIC和MBC相同,分别为15.63,3.91,62.5,62.5  mg·mL^-1。结论:淫羊藿提取物具有明显的抑菌效果,其中水提物优于醇提物。淫羊藿不同化学成分的极性会对抑菌效果产生影响。     

参菊洗剂体外抑菌作用

目的：研究参菊洗剂的体外抑菌作用。方法采用琼脂扩散纸片法测定抑菌圈直径,采用液体培养液连续稀释法测定最低抑菌浓度( MIC),采用琼脂培养液平板法测定最低杀菌浓度( MBC),并与市售某妇科洗液比较抑菌作用。结果参菊洗剂对5种病原菌株的抑菌作用明显优于相同浓度的市售某妇科洗液,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);参菊洗剂对金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌、大肠埃希菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、白念珠菌的MIC分别为33.75,67.5,67.5,67.5,33.75 mg·mL-1;参菊洗剂对金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌、大肠埃希菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、白念珠菌的MBC分别为33.75,67.5,67.5,135,33.75 mg·mL-1。结论参菊洗剂具有较明显的抑菌和杀菌作用。     

抗菌消炎胶囊微生物限度检查法的建立及方法学验证

目的建立抗菌消炎胶囊微生物限度检查的方法并验证。方法按中国药典2010年版,用大肠埃希菌、枯草芽胞杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、黑曲霉和白色念珠菌对抗菌消炎胶囊进行微生物限度检查方法学验证试验。细菌的计数方法为低速离心-培养基稀释联用法;霉菌、酵母菌计数方法为培养基稀释法;控制菌检查采用常规法检验。结果抗菌消炎胶囊对细菌中的金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌有很强的抑制作用,对大肠埃希菌、白色念珠菌有一定的抑制作用。结论该方法用于抗菌消炎胶囊的质量控制有效、可行。     

白花油的微生物限度检查方法验证研究

目的建立白花油微生物限度活菌数的测定方法。方法采用常规法、薄膜过滤法。结果常规法对枯草芽胞杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、白色念珠菌、黑曲霉回收率均<70%,薄膜过滤法回收率均>70%。结论薄膜过滤法有效地去除白花油中抑菌活性,用该法进行微生物限度检查,方法可行,能达到检测目的。     

慢性盆腔炎灌肠液对7种致病菌体外抗菌作用的初步研究

目的 观察慢性盆腔炎灌肠液的体外抗菌作用。方法 用平皿二倍稀释法测定慢性盆腔炎灌肠液对大肠埃希菌、铜绿假单胞菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、化脓性链球菌、凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌、伤寒沙门杆菌、福氏志贺杆菌7种细菌的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）及最低杀菌浓度（MBC）。结果 慢性盆腔炎灌肠液对大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌有较明显的抑菌活性,对化脓性链球菌、伤寒沙门杆菌、福氏志贺杆菌有一定的抑菌活性,对铜绿假单胞菌、凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌的体外抑菌活性不明显。结论 慢性盆腔炎灌肠液具有一定的体外抑菌活性,现时的药物浓度为最适合的药物浓度。     

畲药铁线莲提取物的生物活性初步研究

目的研究铁线莲的生物活性,寻找药理活性成分。方法通过测定铁线莲石油醚提取物、乙醇提取物和水提取物的总还原力、对超氧阴离子(O-2)的清除率、对脂质体过氧化的抑制率来探讨铁线莲提取物的抗氧化作用;通过测定提取物对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌的抑制作用探讨铁线莲提取物的抑菌作用。结果铁线莲提取物对超氧阴离子有一定的清除能力,对脂质体过氧化有较强的抑制能力;乙醇提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希氏菌和枯草芽孢杆菌有较好的抑菌效果,最低抑菌浓度分别为1、0.25、1mg·m L-1;水提取物对大肠埃希氏菌和枯草芽孢杆菌也有较好的抑菌效果,最低抑菌浓度分别为1、1mg·m L-1。结论铁线莲提取物具有一定的抗氧化能力和抑菌能力。     

千金妇炎舒的抗菌实验研究

目的研究千金妇炎舒在体内和体外实验中的抗菌作用。方法①体外培养大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、肺炎链球菌、嗜血杆菌、甲型溶血性链球菌、乙型溶血性链球菌、淋球菌等标准菌株和不动杆菌、大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、肺炎克雷伯杆菌、表皮葡萄球菌、乙型溶血性链球菌、洋葱假单孢杆菌、枸橼酸肠杆菌、肺炎双球菌等临床分离菌株,观察千金妇炎舒的体外抗菌作用;②体内实验观察了千金妇炎舒对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠埃希菌对小鼠的保护作用。结果千金妇炎舒体外给药对上述细菌均有抑制作用,其中对金黄色葡萄球菌、甲型溶血性链球菌、乙型溶血性链球菌、表皮葡萄球菌、洋葱假单孢杆菌抑制作用较强,其最小抑菌浓度（MIC）在12.5～50mg/ml。千金妇炎舒体内给药对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠埃希菌所致感染的小鼠具有保护作用,能降低感染小鼠的死亡率。结论千金妇炎舒具有较明显的抗菌作用。     

万丝林生发水微生物限度检查方法的研究

目的 对万丝林生发水微生物限度检查方法进行验证,建立合适的微生物限度检查方法.方法 依据<中国药典>2010年版一部规定的常规法、培养基稀释法测定大肠埃希菌等5种试验菌回收率,并对控制菌的检查法进行验证.结果 万丝林生发水在常规法检测金黄色葡萄球菌回收率低于70%,检测大肠埃希菌、枯草芽胞杆菌、白色念珠菌、黑曲霉菌回收...     

庆大霉素和活力碘的体外抑菌效应及其对开放性骨折术后感染的预防作用

目的:探讨庆大霉素和活力碘体外抑菌效应及其术中冲洗对开放性骨折术后感染的预防作用。方法:体外抑菌实验检测庆大霉素和活力碘对表皮葡萄球菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的最低抑菌浓度(M IC)和最低杀菌浓度(M BC),药敏实验观察其分别对这两种细菌的抑菌圈大小。体内动物实验将家兔分为3组,均将右侧胫骨近端软组织切开,并不全离断胫骨,局部加入金黄色葡萄球菌菌液100u l后等待3 m in。模型对照组伤口不予冲洗直接关闭。另两组分别以0.1%活力碘和庆大霉素溶液冲洗创面。术后10d通过观察伤口和深部局部炎症表现、脓液性状和细菌培养来判断是否发生感染。结果:庆大霉素和活力碘均有不同程度的体外抑菌和杀菌作用,庆大霉素的M IC和M BC明显低于其他组,其抑菌圈明显大于其他组。体内动物实验模型对照组感染率100%,庆大霉素生理盐水冲洗组感染率明显低于模型对照组和活力碘冲洗组(P<0.01)。结论:庆大霉素溶液冲洗创面能明显降低开放性骨折术后感染率,体外抑菌杀菌作用明显,可较好地预防开放性骨折术后感染。     

Preparation, characterization, and anticancer activity of a series of cis-PtCl2 complexes linked to anthraquinone intercalators

A new series of complexes of the type cis-PtL2X2 [where L is a monodentate AQ-Y(CH2)nNH2 and L2 is a bidentate AQ-Y(CH2)nNH(CH2)2NH2; AQ = anthraquinone, X = Cl, I, Y = NH, O] in which anthraquinone intercalators are tethered to the cis-PtCl2 unit via an (aminoalkyl)amino, (oxyalkyl)amino, or polyethylene glycol (aminoethyl)amino linker chains was prepared and screened in vitro against P388 leukemia. In vivo toxicity studies were carried out on selected complexes. All complexes were characterized by means of elemental analysis, 195Pt NMR spectroscopy, and FTIR. The 1:1 Pt-intercalator complexes displayed much higher in vitro cytotoxic activities than the 1:2 Pt-intercalator complexes. The dichloride complexes were consistently more active than their diiodide counterparts. Among the 1:1 Pt-intercalator complexes those with the shorter linker chains (n = 2, 3) exhibited the highest cytotoxic activities. Three compounds, [[2-[[2-(anthraquinon-1- ylamino)ethyl]amino]ethyl]amine-N,N']dichloroplatinum(II), [[2-[[3-(anthraquinon-1-ylamino)propyl]amino]ethyl]amine- N,N']dichloroplatinum(II), and [[2-[[3-anthraquinon-1- yloxy)propyl]amino]ethyl]amine-N,N']dichloroplatinum(II), were as active in vitro as cisplatin (ED50 = 2-4 x 10(-7) M) while on a molar basis their acute in vivo toxicity was significantly lower than that of cisplatin. In vivo screening against P388 leukemia indicated that these complexes have activity comparable to cisplatin.     

替考拉宁对葡萄球菌的体外抗菌活性研究

目的 :测定替考拉宁对葡萄球菌的体外抗菌活性。方法 :采用琼脂二倍稀释法测定替考拉宁对 492株葡萄球菌的最低抑菌浓度 (MIC) ,其中金黄色葡萄球菌 3 2 4株 ,表皮葡萄球菌 1 68株。结果 :替考拉宁对葡萄球菌的MIC90 值均为 1mg·L-1,明显低于氧氟沙星、红霉素和苯唑西林 ,与万古霉素相当 ;替考拉宁对甲氧西林耐药金黄色葡萄球菌 (MR SA)和对甲氧西林耐药表皮葡萄球菌 (MRSE)的MIC90 分别为 4mg·L-1和 2mg·L-1,是万古霉素的1 / 2。抗菌活性明显高于氧氟沙星和红霉素。结论 :替考拉宁对葡萄球菌的体外抗菌活性是万古霉素的 2倍 ,明显强于氧氟沙星和红霉素     

In vitro action of platinum (II) and platinum (IV) complexes on Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania donovani

The in vitro activities of 22 neutral Pt(II) complexes, 4 Pt(IV) complex salts, and one Pt(II) complex salt on epimastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi and promastigote forms of Leishmania donovani were studied. Only 2 out of the 18 complexes with cis-Pt(DDH)Xn structure completely inhibited the growth of the epimastigote forms of T. cruzi and the promastigote of L. donovani. Against T. cruzi the cis-Pt(L)n(Cl)2 complexes showed no activities, but the complex in which the (L) ligand was stilbamidine did show a limited activity against L. donovani. Of the Pt(IV)complex salts, [Pt X6]H2(L) were very active against the epimastigote forms of T. cruzi. However, the Pt(II) complex salt [cis-Pt Cl4]H2 (pentamidine) showed no activity. The actions of the Pt(IV) complex salts on the promastigote forms of L. donovani were different and only those salts in which the (L) ligand was pentamidine or stilbamidine induced parasite growth inhibition. The one Pt(II) salt tested showed no antiparasitic activity. At the same time, the known antiparasitic activities of the nifurtimox and pentamidine molecules were confirmed.     

7-{4-［2-［2-取代-4-((5S)-5-乙酰胺甲基-2-氧代-噁唑烷-3-基)苯基］乙基］哌嗪-1-基}-氟喹诺酮类化合物的合成与抗菌活性

目的寻找新型的噁唑烷酮-氟喹诺酮类抗菌药物。方法设计合成了7-{4-［2-［2-取代-4-((5S)-5-乙酰胺甲基-2-氧代-噁唑烷-3-基)苯基］乙基］哌嗪-1-基}-氟喹诺酮类化合物，测定其体外抗菌活性。结果共合成20个目标化合物，经^{1H NMR和MS确证结构。目标化合物具有较好的体外抗菌活性，尤其是化合物22，对屎肠球菌的抑制活性分别是吗啉噁酮和诺氟沙星的16倍和64倍，对金葡菌的抑制活性为吗啉噁酮的4倍。结论某些带有氟喹诺酮结构片段的噁唑烷酮类化合物抗菌活性加强。}     

Relationship between the antibacterial and immunological activities of houttuyfonate homologues and their surface activities

Based on the microbial model (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) and the experiment of mouse carbon granular clearance, the relationship between antibacterial and immunological activities of houttuyfonate (HOU) homologues and their surface activities were studied. The results showed that with elongating the carbon chain of HOU homologues, the surface activities and bacteriostasis and immunological activities would be increased. It is suggested that the pharmacological effect of HOU homologues could be realized by the hydrophobic interaction between HOU homologues and membrane proteins of bacteria and cell.     

银连颗粒抗菌和消炎作用实验研究

目的探讨银连颗粒治疗慢性咽喉炎的疗效。方法采用体外抑菌试验和小鼠耳肿胀试验考察银连颗粒在体外和体内的抗菌、消炎作用。结果银连颗粒对金黄色葡萄球菌、肺炎双球菌、大肠杆菌、甲型链球菌、乙型溶血性链球菌均有不同程度的抑制作用,最低抑菌浓度（MIC）分别为31．25,7．81,31．25,62．5,15．62μg／mL,并能明显抑制二甲苯所致小鼠耳廓肿胀。结论银连颗粒具有很好的抗菌、消炎作用。     

木芙蓉根提取物的体外抑菌作用研究

目的比较木芙蓉根不同提取物的体外抑菌作用。方法采用不同溶剂提取药材,用连续稀释法进行体外抑菌活性研究。结果木芙蓉根不同提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌和表皮葡萄球菌均有一定抑制作用。结论木芙蓉根乙酸乙酯提取物抑菌作用最强。     

Novel semisynthetic derivative of antibiotic Eremomycin active against drug-resistant gram-positive pathogens including Bacillus anthracis

Five adamantyl-containing carboxamides of eremomycin or vancomycin were synthesized and their antibacterial activities against some Gram-positive clinical isolates were investigated in vitro and in vivo. The adamantyl-2 amide of glycopeptide antibiotic eremomycin (1a in Chart 1, AN0900) was the most active compound and showed high activity against several Gram-positive pathogens: vancomycin-susceptible staphylococci and enterococci, glycopeptide-intermediate-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and glycopeptide-resistant enterococci. Compound 1a was equally active in vitro against both Ciprofloxacin-susceptible and -resistant Bacillus anthracis strains (MICs 0.25-0.5 microg/mL). It was distinguished by having a 2.8 h half-life (t1/2) in mice and a volume of distribution of 2.18 L/kg. Compound 1a was active against Staphylococcus aureus in mice (iv) and provided complete protection against a lethal intravenous challenge with vegetative B. anthracis bacilli and also in a murine pulmonary anthrax model in which mice were challenged with Bacillus anthracis spores.     

通窍导浊颗粒治疗慢性细菌性前列腺炎的实验研究

目的研究通窍导浊颗粒治疗慢性细菌性前列腺炎的疗效及作用机理.方法通过体外抑菌实验、对大鼠细菌性前列腺炎模型影响的研究,观察通窍导浊颗粒在抑菌、抗炎方面的作用.结果体外研究表明,通窍导浊颗粒对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、表皮葡萄球菌具有显著的抑菌作用.动物试验表明,通窍导浊颗粒对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌所致大鼠细菌性前列腺炎有治疗作用.结论通窍导浊颗粒具有抑菌、抗炎的作用,为本品用于慢性细菌性前列腺炎治疗提供了实验依据.