TPF方案联合放疗治疗局部晚期不可切除老年食管癌的临床分析

食管癌是我国高发的恶性肿瘤之一,发病率居全国各类恶性肿瘤第5位,死亡率居第4位［1］。由于早期食管癌症状不明显,就诊患者60％已达中晚期,失去手术机会。以化疗、放疗为主的联合治疗能有效控制食管癌局部肿瘤的发展,减少远处转移,从而提高患者生存率。食管癌联合化疗优于单药化疗,随着抗肿瘤新药的开发,紫杉醇（ Paclitaxel,PTX）是目前治疗食管癌最有效药物之一,单药有效率32％,联合化疗中多与顺铂（DDP）、氟尿嘧啶（5-Fu）联用,有效率67％～77％［2］。老年食管癌患者因年纪大、合并有基础疾病,往往难以耐受手术创伤,因此临床医生在选择治疗方案时更为谨慎,采用副作用较轻的联合化疗以及放疗。本研究回顾性分析了2009年12月至2012年2月采用紫杉醇＋顺铂＋氟尿嘧啶方案化疗序贯放疗治疗的32例局部晚期不可手术切除的老年食管鳞癌,治疗效果满意,现报道如下。     

紫杉醇联合顺铂新辅助化疗治疗局部晚期宫颈癌的临床研究

选取我院妇科收治的局部晚期宫颈癌患者86例,随机分为对照组和试验组各43例。对照组行全子宫切除加盆腔淋巴结清扫术,试验组在宫颈癌根治术前予以紫杉醇+顺铂新辅助化疗两疗程,紫杉醇135~175mg/m2,顺铂50~75mg/m2,此方案两疗程后15~20d行宫颈癌根治术治疗。治疗结束后,对比两组的近期疗效、毒副反应和术后病理阳性率。结果治疗后两组患者近期疗效显著,且试验组近期总有效率的86.05%明显高于对照组的44.19%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),手术切除率达100%,所有手术患者均能顺利切除病灶并达到切缘距离病灶1cm以上;试验组发生消化道反应和骨髓抑的比率有所增高,差别均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后病理比较情况,试验组中淋巴结转移阳性率、阴道切缘阳性率、脉管浸润及宫旁累及阳性率明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。紫杉醇联合顺铂新辅助化疗能够明显提高局部晚期宫颈癌近期总有效率,提高了手术切除率,毒副反应较轻,对临床具有指导意义,值得临床推广。     

局部晚期食管癌紫杉醇加顺铂方案同步放化疗毒性反应的护理

[目的]探讨紫杉醇加顺铂方案同步放化疗治疗局部晚期食管癌的护理。[方法]35例局部晚期食管癌病人同步放化疗,化疗使用紫杉醇加顺铂方案,紫杉醇135rag／m^2,D1＋顺铂30mg／m^2,D2—4;21d为1个周期,共2个周期;放疗采用三维适形放疗技术,食管肿瘤及转移淋巴结DT56～60Gy／28—30f／5．5周～6周。[结果]35例病人均出现不同程度的毒性反应,通过心理、饮食、预防感染等方面的护理及相关的对症支持治疗,不良反应有不同程度减轻,均能顺利完成治疗。[结论]同步放化疗病人的毒性反应较重,针对不同的不良反应进行相应的护理,可减轻不良反应,使化放疗顺利完成。     

术前新辅助化疗治疗局部晚期食管癌的临床研究

目的:回顾性分析局部晚期食管癌新辅助化疗对手术切除率、残端癌阳性率、围术期并发症及术后1年生存率的影响.方法:采用同期对照研究,对本院2005年12月至2007年12月间的60例局部晚期食管癌手术患者进行回顾性分析.研究组29例术前予多西紫杉醇联合顺铂的新辅助化疗,2周期后施行手术.对照组31例直接手术治疗.结果:两组患者手术切除率、残端癌阳性率及术后1年生存率相比,差异具有显著性(P<0.05);围术期并发症发生率相比无统计学差异.结论:术前新辅助化疗能提高局部晚期食管癌患者的手术切除率及1年生存率,降低残端癌阳性率.不增加围术期并发症发生率,有助于提高近期手术疗效.     

白蛋白结合型紫杉醇与多西他赛用于局部晚期舌鳞状细胞癌新辅助化疗的疗效观察

目的探讨白蛋白结合型紫杉醇与多西他赛用于局部晚期舌鳞状细胞癌新辅助化疗的临床疗效和安全性。方法局部晚期舌鳞状细胞癌行根治性手术患者67例,根据新辅助化疗方案分为白蛋白结合型紫杉醇组29例和多西他赛组38例,白蛋白结合型紫杉醇组术前采用白蛋白结合型紫杉醇联合顺铂和氟尿嘧啶化疗2个周期,术后继续原方案辅助化疗4个周期;多西他赛组术前采用多西他赛联合顺铂和氟尿嘧啶化疗2个周期,术后继续原方案辅助化疗4个周期。观察2组临床疗效和不良反应发生情况。结果白蛋白结合型紫杉醇组术后淋巴结阳性率[(60.43±9.76)%]低于多西他赛组[(65.98±8.59)%](P0.05),客观缓解率(55.17%)、病理学完全缓解率(3.4%)、R0切除率(93.10%)、轻度和重度不良反应发生率(29.86%、3.83%)与多西他赛组(50.00%、2.6%、84.21%、31.29%、5.26%)比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论局部晚期舌鳞状细胞癌患者手术前采用白蛋白结合型紫杉醇或多西他赛进行新辅助化疗,可提高手术R0切除率,白蛋白结合型紫杉醇有利于降低术后淋巴结阳性率。     

术前紫杉醇联合顺铂新辅助化疗对食管癌胸腹腔镜三切口手术临床疗效的影响

目的探讨术前紫杉醇联合顺铂新辅助化疗对食管癌胸腹腔镜三切口手术临床疗效的影响。方法我院150例食管癌患者,按治疗方式不同分为研究组与对照组各75例,两组均进行胸腔镜三切口手术,对照组术前给予5-氟尿嘧啶联合顺铂方案化疗,研究组术前给予紫杉醇联合顺铂方案化疗,比较治疗后两组临床疗效、手术切除根治及6个月与1年后的生存率情况、治疗后不良反应发生情况。结果两组手术时间、术中出血量、淋巴结清扫数、术后引流拔管时间、胸液量、术后并发症发生率、不良反应比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);研究组术后住院时间低于对照组,化疗客观有效率高于对照组,治疗后6个月、1年的生存率高于对照组(P0.05)。结论术前紫杉醇联合顺铂新辅助化疗对食管癌胸腹腔镜三切口手术患者的临床疗效肯定,不增加化疗后不良反应及术后并发症发生率,可以缩短住院时间,提高患者预后生存时间。     

局部晚期非小细胞肺癌三维适形放疗同步序贯化疗的临床研究

目的 观察分析三维适形放疗同步化疗与序贯化疗治疗局部晚期非小细胞肺癌的疗效及不良反应.方法 将53例局部晚期非小细胞肺癌患者随机分为两组：同步组（27例）和序贯组（26例）.同步组采用三维适形放疗（3DCRT）联合吉西他滨和顺铂同步化疗,放疗后再予以吉西他滨及顺铂化疗2个周期;序贯组采用3DCRT结束后,予以吉西他滨和顺铂化疗4个周期.结果 同步和序贯两组有效率（PR＋CR）分别为70.4%和53.8%,两组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;1年生存率分别为81.5%和61.5%,2年生存率分别为37.0%和26.9%,两组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;中位生存期为17.0个月和 13.0个月,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）.不良反应以骨髓抑制、放射性食管炎为主,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）.结论 3DCRT联合吉西他滨同步化疗在近期疗效上优于序贯化疗,在不良反应上无差别.     

局部晚期宫颈癌术前新辅助化疗的临床应用

目的：探讨新辅助化疗（NACT）对局部晚期宫颈癌治疗疗效的影响。方法：NACT组对43例局部晚期宫颈癌术前予PVB方案化疗2个疗程,化疗结束后4~6周行手术治疗＋放疗;对照组19例直接手术＋放疗;比较二组癌块消退情况,术后病理及并发症方面的差异。结果：43例患者行NACT有效率为86.04%（37/43）;术后病理示淋巴结阳性率、阴道切缘阳性率及宫旁累及率均较对照组低,差异有显著性。结论：NACT可缩小局部晚期宫颈癌癌块体积,增加手术切除率,减少不良预后因素。     

局部或区域晚期头颈鳞癌放化疗联合治疗现状和展望

头颈部鳞状细胞癌的全身治疗包括细胞毒药物治疗（简称化疗）、靶向治疗和支持治疗;而局部治疗主要包括放射治疗和手术。放化疗联合是局部晚期或区域晚期头颈部鳞癌主要治疗模式,包括同步化放疗、诱导化疗、序贯化放疗。本文综述了原发于口腔、口咽、下咽、喉的鳞癌的化放疗联合治疗现状和进展。     

直肠癌术前放疗联合同步化疗和单纯手术疗效的比较分析

目的 观察术前放疗联合同步奥沙利铂化疗加口服希罗达对局部中晚期直肠癌的疗效.方法 87例低位直肠癌患者随机分为两组:单纯手术组44例,行常规手术治疗;联合治疗组43例,术前放疗联合同步奥沙利铂化疗加口服希罗达,然后再手术.结果 单纯手术组有6例肿瘤侵及骶前、后尿道,无法切除,改行乙状结肠造屡;手术切除率为86.4%;38例手术切除中,仅12例能保留肛门,保肛率为31.6%;术后局部复发6例,复发率为15.8%.联合治疗组43例均能手术切除,切除率100%;保留肛门35例,保肛率81.4%;随访至2008年未见局部复发.两组以上方面经卡方检验差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01).结论 直肠癌术前同步放、化疗可提高降期效果,有较高的病理完全缓解率,并进一步提高手术切除率及保肛率,减少局部复发率,改善患者预后,为较好的综合治疗措施.     

Principle and progress of radical treatment for locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is one of the most common malignant tumors in the digestive system in China and the world. Most patients are diagnosed as locally advanced or advanced stage. Concurrent chemoradiotherapy is the standard treatment for locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. This study intends to summarize the evidence-based medical evidence of the treatment principle of locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, the selection of radiotherapy dose, the outline of radiotherapy target and the selection of chemotherapy scheme. As a result, the effect of radiotherapy and chemotherapy is equivalent to that of surgery for the radical treatment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. In the era of immunization, it is recommended to use involved field irradiation. Fluorouracil plus cisplatin regimen is the standard chemotherapy regimen. FOLFOX regimen and paclitaxel plus fluorouracil regimen are optional concurrent chemotherapy regimens. The toxic and side effects of different chemotherapy regimens are different, which can be selected according to the actual situation of patients.     

食管癌患者术前放化疗对其术后全身性炎症反应的影响

目的:探讨食管癌患者术前放化疗对术后全身炎症反应的影响。方法:2005年7月-2007年4月连续收治符合入组条件的中晚期食管鳞癌患者42例,将其随机分为术前放化疗(CRT)组和单纯手术(SA)组,CRT组术前采用DDP 盖诺化疗方案和同期常规分割放疗,间隔3～5周行手术,SA组行单纯手术。结果:术前放化疗患者的全身性炎症反应综合征(SIRS)发生率和持续时间明显高于单纯食管癌切除术患者(P<0.05)。结论:术前放化疗能明显加重患者术后全身炎症反应综合征,从而增加并发症风险。     

Preoperative therapy in esophageal cancer

Progress has been made in the treatment of locally advanced esophageal cancer. Preoperative and postoperative chemotherapy also appears to improve survival in gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma compared to surgery alone. Adding radiotherapy to preoperative chemotherapy enhances rates of curative resection, achieves measurable rates of pathologic complete response, and recent trials indicate a survival benefit for preoperative chemoradiotherapy compared to surgery alone in esophageal cancer. Given the achievement of pathologic complete responses with combined chemoradiotherapy in esophageal cancer, recent trials have evaluated the contribution of surgery after chemoradiotherapy. With currently available systemic therapy for squamous cancers of the esophagus that respond to combined chemoradiotherapy, there is no clear survival benefit for the addition of surgery after chemoradiotherapy despite improvements in local tumor control with the addition of surgery. Surgery may salvage nonresponding patients with biopsy-positive residual disease. For adenocarcinoma of the esophagus, a histology with consistently lower rates of pathologic complete response than squamous cell cancer, surgery appears to play a greater role. Trials are now evaluating the use of newer chemotherapy agents combined with radiotherapy, including taxanes, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin. Response on postiron emission tomography early on during induction chemotherapy may be a strong prognostic measure of outcome. Targeted agents, including monoclonal antibodies that target the epidermal and vascular endothelial growth factor receptors, are in active development in phase II and III trials.     

食管癌术前放化疗疗效分析

目的探讨术前同步放化疗治疗食管癌的疗效及围手术期并发症。方法2000年12月至2006年8月，26例食管癌初治患者，采用常规放射野治疗，肿瘤量40Gy，在放疗的第1周和第4周均给予常规剂量紫杉醇和铂类化疗2个疗程，休息4～6周后手术。结果放化疗并发症主要为骨髓抑制，肺部损害，食管炎。放化疗组的完全病理缓解率为38．46％，急性毒副反应仅1～2级，癌肿局部控制率73．08％，远处转移率26．92％，3年生存率62．96％，5年生存率54．56％，无病生存率63．82％。多因素分析显示影响食管癌生存率的因素有病变长度、肿瘤浸润深度、淋巴结转移情况。术前放化疗对于手术难度没有增加，术后并发症主要是肺部并发症。结论应用术前同步放化疗治疗食管癌是安全的，取得了较好的疗效。     

术前放化疗联合手术治疗低位局部晚期直肠癌19例疗效观察

目的探讨术前放化疗联合手术治疗低位局部晚期直肠癌的临床价值。方法2001年2月~2004年12月本院肿瘤科共对19例低位局部晚期直肠癌患者采用术前放化疗联合手术治疗方案。术前放疗总剂量45 Gy,每周5次,每次1.8Gy,同时联合奥沙利铂、甲酰四氢叶酸钙2、5-氟尿嘧啶同步化疗。放化疗结束6周后行手术治疗。结果经过术前放化疗治疗,原发病灶平均直径由4.6 cm缩小为2.5 cm(P<0.05);57.9%的病例T降期,58.3%的病例N降期。全组74%(14/19)的病例采用保留肛门手术,26%(5/19)的患者采用腹会阴联合切除术。术后病理手术标本呈轻度反应2例、中度反应5例、重度反应11例,肿瘤消失2例。结论对低位局部晚期直肠癌患者采用新辅助治疗,可使肿瘤分期降低,提高手术切除率和保肛率。     

Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy plus surgery in the treatment of potentially resectable thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

BACKGROUNDIn recent years, neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT) combined with surgery has been gradually applied in patients with locally advanced thoracic esophageal cancer, but its effectiveness and safety remains unclear. In this clinical trial, we prospectively investigated the efficacy and safety of NCRT plus surgery in the treatment of thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (TESCC).AIMTo investigate the efficacy and safety of NCRT combined with surgery in the treatment of potentially resectable TESCC. METHODSThirty patients with advanced TESCC hospitalized in our hospital from July 2016 to June 2019 were prospectively studied. All patients received NCRT, which included intensity modulated conformal radiotherapy (40-44 Gy/20-22f, 2 Gy/f) and chemotherapy (paclitaxel 150-175 mg/m²d1, 22 + lobaplatin 25-30 mg/m²d2, 23 for two cycles). Surgery was performed after radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The effectiveness and safety of these treatments were observed. RESULTSAmong these 30 patients, complete response was achieved in two cases (6.7%) and partial response in 26 cases (86.7%), yielding an objective response rate of 100%. All patients underwent radical surgery successfully. The R0 resection rate was 100%, and the pathologic complete response rate was 33.3%. The incidence of grade III- IV granulocytopenia was 10% during the NCRT, and anastomotic leakage occurred in one patient after surgery. CONCLUSIONFor patients with potentially resectable TESCC, NCRT can effectively reduce the tumor size, increase R0 resection rate, and achieve obvious pathological degradation, with mild adverse reactions. Thus, it is worthy of wider clinical application.     

晚期非小细胞肺癌放化疗疗效观察

目的探讨同步放化疗与序贯化放疗治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌临床疗效及毒副反应。方法60例经病理或细胞学证实为非小细胞肺癌患者,鳞癌31例,腺癌23例,大细胞癌2例,未定型癌4例。经CT或MRI可测值病灶分期Ⅲa15例,Ⅲb30例,Ⅳ15例;年龄在21—86岁;Kamofsky评分／〉70;被随机分为A、B两组。A组30例为：序贯方法,即化疗＋放疗＋化疗;B组30例为：同步化放疗（周一-五放疗,周六化疗）＋化疗。结果近期疗效：PR＋CR：B组明显好于A组,差异有显著性。毒副作用：胃肠反应B组高于A组,骨髓抑制A组高于B组,差异有统计学意义。结论晚期非小细胞肺癌同步化放疗近期疗效明显优于序贯化放疗,而毒副作用没明显增加,更远期疗效尚待进一步观察。     

Multicenter Randomized Phase 2 Clinical Trial of a Recombinant Human Endostatin Adenovirus in Patients with Advanced Head and Neck Carcinoma

A randomized, open-label, phase 2, multicenter clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the addition of a recombinant human endostatin adenovirus (E10A) to cisplatin and paclitaxel in patients with advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma or nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Patients with locally advanced or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma or nasopharyngeal carcinoma not suitable for operation or radiotherapy were randomly assigned to receive E10A plus chemotherapy every 3 weeks for a maximum of six cycles or to receive chemotherapy only. One hundred and thirty-six eligible patients were randomly assigned. The addition of E10A did not significantly improve the objective response rate (29.9 versus 39.7%, P = 0.154). However, patients who received endostatin had longer progression-free survival (7.03 versus 3.60 months, P = 0.006; hazard ratio: 0.55). The combination of E10A with chemotherapy benefited prior chemotherapy-treated patients and those who received three to four treatment cycles (6.50 versus 3.43 months, P = 0.003; 8.27 versus 4.27 months, P = 0.018; respectively). The overall disease control rate significantly increased from 80.6% in the control group to 92.6% in the test group (P = 0.034). Except for fever, no adverse events were associated with the E10A treatment. In summary, E10A plus chemotherapy is a safe and effective therapeutic approach in patients with advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma or nasopharyngeal carcinoma.     

奈达铂与顺铂同期放化疗治疗局部区域晚期鼻咽癌毒副反应比较及护理

目的：对比分析奈达铂（nedaplatin,NDP）治疗方案和顺铂（cisplatin,DDP）治疗方案在同步放化疗治疗局部区域晚期鼻咽癌毒副反应,并总结护理要点。方法选择本科室2012年3月～2013年3月收治的局部区域晚期鼻咽癌患者112例,采.用区组随机的方法由电脑产生随机号,根据患者临床分期分层分为试验组（NDP＋放疗）56例,对照组（DDP＋放疗）56例。两组均采.用调强放射治疗,试验组为NDP 100 mg/m2静脉滴注;对照组为DDP 100 mg/m2静脉滴注,放疗期每3周1次（放疗第1天,第22天,第43天）,共3个疗程。比较两组患者治疗效果及治疗期间毒副反应发生情况。结果治疗结束时试验组和对照组患者肿瘤完全缓解率分别为87.5％和85.7％（P＞0．05）。试验组患者胃肠道反应、口腔黏膜炎严重程度明显轻于对照组（均P＜0．05）,血小板下降试验组明显高于对照组（P＜0．05）,在白细胞下降、肝肾功能损害方面比较,差异无统计学意义（均P＞0．05）。结论 NDP联合放疗治疗局部区域晚期鼻咽癌相对DDP联合放疗的毒副反应少,患者易于接受,生活质量有所提高。在应.用两种化疗方案时,应关注患者毒副反应的发生情况,有所侧重地给予针对性的护理。     

化疗配合放疗治疗中晚期食管癌的近期疗效分析

目的 分析化疗加放疗治疗中晚期食管癌的近期疗效和毒副作用.方法 回顾性分析131例中晚期食管癌病例,其中治疗组70例选择化疗 放疗,化疗后即刻放疗;对照组61例对比单纯放疗.化疗用药氟尿嘧啶(5-Fu)0.5/m2d 1～5 顺铂(DDP)15 mg/m2d 1～3静滴.结果 全部病例随访3年;总缓解率治疗组94.3%,对照组为88.5%,两组比较无统计学差异(P＞0.05);1、3年生存率比较,治疗组分别为64.3%,18.6%;对照组为59.0%,11.5%,两组3年生存率比较有显著性差异(P＜0.05),无不可耐受毒副作用.结论 化疗 放疗治疗中晚期食管癌能提高近期疗效,毒副反应能够耐受.