联合应用立体定向间质内放疗及γ-刀治疗复发性颅咽管瘤

目的寻求手术后残留或复发颅咽管瘤的新治疗方法;并评价立体定向囊内间质内放疗结合伽玛刀(γ-刀)治疗的有效性和安全性.方法应用立体定向囊内核素置入间质内放疗结合γ-刀治疗82例手术后残留或复发的颅咽管瘤,其中男54例,女28例,年龄3～70岁.对实体肿瘤为主者,先行囊内穿刺核素内放疗,再行γ-刀照射治疗共21例;对囊性肿瘤为主者,则先行实体部分肿瘤γ-刀治疗,再行囊性部分的核素内放疗,共61例.结果 70例患者接受12～54个月(平均33.4个月)的随访,对实体肿瘤为主、囊性肿瘤为主以及总有效控制率分别为94.1%、 92.5%和92.9%.无手术死亡及严重并发症发生.结论γ-刀结合立体定向囊内放射疗法,能够安全有效地治疗颅咽管瘤术后残留,复发以及不适宜手术治疗的囊实性混合性颅咽管瘤.     

立体定向Ommaya管置入并~(32)P内放疗治疗术后复发囊性颅咽管瘤(附13例临床分析)

目的探讨开颅术后复发囊性颅咽管瘤的治疗方法。方法对我科13例复发囊性颅咽管瘤患者应用立体定向穿刺、Ommaya管置入反复抽吸囊液,配合32P内放疗治疗。术后长期随访观察疗效。结果在手术抽出囊液后,大多数患者临床症状和体征迅速改善。全部患者术后随访6～60个月,平均32.4个月。经影像学检查证实,术后囊腔消失、肿瘤无复发8例;肿瘤明显缩小、囊腔不足5ml者4例;1例多囊性肿瘤控制不理想,囊腔反复增大,多次门诊穿刺抽液,仅能控制症状。肿瘤总的有效控制率为92.3%。无手术相关死亡及严重并发症发生。结论联合应用立体定向Ommaya管置入反复抽吸囊液,配合32P内放疗的方法,可以安全有效的治疗复发囊性颅咽管瘤。     

立体定向同位素32P内放疗治疗囊性颅咽管瘤（附40例临床分析）

目的 ;立体定向同位素32P内放疗治疗颅咽管瘤。立体定向同位素32P内放疗治疗颅咽管瘤。方法对40例囊性颅咽管瘤行立体定向穿刺、囊性内放疗。结果 32例术后6~38个月随访,CT或MRI瘤腔消失率69%,显著缩小31%;30例视力、视野障碍改善。结论 CT导向立体定向技术为脑深部肿瘤的内放疗和化疗提供精确定位和简便安全给药有效途径,对周围组织结构的全身影响极为轻微。     

囊性、囊实性颅咽管瘤的立体定向囊内放疗

目的研究CT、MRI引导立体定向囊内放射治疗囊性和囊实性颅咽管瘤的疗效。方法对100例囊性和囊实性颅咽管瘤的囊性部分行CT、MRI引导立体定向囊腔内置入Ommaya,吸除囊液、注入胶体磷酸铬,对囊实性颅咽管瘤的实质部分行伽玛刀治疗。结果全部病例经手术排出囊液后临床症状迅速改善,经囊腔内放疗后6～84个月随访90例病人,CT及MRI扫描显示42例瘤腔持续消失,临床症状消失,恢复正常工作和学习;18例肿瘤显著缩小,症状持续改善;20例肿瘤无明显改变;复发10例,其中再手术6例;死亡7例。结论CT、MRI引导立体定向放射治疗囊性颅咽管瘤安全、有效。     

立体定向间质放疗治疗囊性颅咽管瘤

目的探讨采用立体定向和间质放疗技术,治疗颅咽管瘤的方法和预后.方法对23例囊性颅咽管瘤采用CT引导立体定向技术,肿瘤囊腔内放置贮液囊导管,按3.7-7.4MBq/克肿瘤组织注入Cr32po4进行内放疗.结果16例获得逐渐改善,3例恶化,2例偏瘫恢复正常,所有内分泌功能障碍,均获得稳定或不同程度好转,复查CT或MT示1例瘤体增大,1例新的囊腔形成,1例导管在脑室内,其余囊腔均明显缩小,其中9例囊腔几乎消失.结论立体定向间质放疗对囊性颅咽管瘤可以起到很好的控制作用.     

立体定向^32P内放射治疗老年颅咽管瘤

目的评价立体定向32P内放射治疗对老年颅咽管瘤的治疗效果。方法对26例老年颅咽管瘤患者进行立体定向放射性核素囊内置入内放射治疗。26例中,12例行无框架立体定向囊液抽吸＋32P内放疗术,14例行有框架立体定向囊液抽吸＋32P内放疗术,其中10例结合伽玛刀治疗肿瘤实体部分。结果立体定向穿刺抽出囊液1.5～27ml（平均11.3ml）。11例患者术后当日即出现视力及视野不同程度的改善。本组无严重并发症及手术死亡。共有22例获得12个月至6年（平均55个月）的随访。4例死亡。18例中,肿瘤有效控制率为83.3%。10例结合伽玛刀治疗者,9例得到随访,对实体部分的有效控制率为88.9%。结论老年颅咽管瘤患者,不能耐受开颅手术治疗或手术后残留、复发的,可采用立体定向囊液抽吸＋32P内放疗,对有实性部分者,联合伽玛刀治疗,是治疗老年颅咽管瘤的一种简单、安全、有效的方法。     

CT立体定向囊腔内放疗治疗囊性颅咽管瘤

目的：研究治疗囊性颅咽管瘤最佳治疗方法。方法：对３４例囊性颅咽管瘤进行ＣＴ立体定向囊腔内胶体磷酸铬内放疗。结果：全部病例经手术排除囊液后临床症状迅速改善，经囊腔内放疗后１２～６６个月随访，ＣＴ扫描显示２８例（８２．５％）瘤腔持续消失，３例（８．８％）瘤腔显著缩小，症状持续改善。３例（８．８％）分别于１９、２５、３６个月后因瘤实质部分增大，症状恶化而相继死亡。无手术死亡率和严重并发症。结论：ＣＴ立体定向囊腔内放疗治疗囊性颅咽管瘤十分安全、有效，应作为治疗囊性颅咽管瘤首选的方法。     

立体定向Ommaya管置入肿瘤囊腔内放疗治疗颅咽管瘤

目的观察应用立体定向肿瘤囊腔32P内放疗治疗颅咽管瘤的效果.方法应用立体定向穿刺置P32方法治疗颅咽管瘤56例,男34例,女22例,年龄3～76岁,平均39岁.其中囊性颅咽管瘤43例,以囊性为主的混合性颅咽管瘤13例.结果治疗后临床症状迅速改善,颅高压症状消失46/49;视力视野障碍消失19/36,改善15/36;性功能障碍改善14/21;身高增加7例;脑积水消失7/7;尿崩消失2/23,减轻11/23;闭经消失2/11.内分泌检查表现睾酮恢复正常1例,较术前提高11例;FSH较术前提高4例;LH较术前提高3例;皮质醇提高4例.CT扫描显示30例肿瘤消失.术后2例动眼神经麻痹,1例穿刺道出血,1例颅内感染.结论立体定向肿瘤囊腔32P内放疗治疗颅咽管瘤疗效确切,对临床症状的改善、内分泌的恢复均有作用,副反应少.     

立体定向内放疗联合γ-刀治疗复发性颅咽管瘤

目的评价立体定向穿刺引流加内放疗结合γ-刀治疗复发性颅咽管瘤的有效性和安全性。方法回顾性分析26例手术后复发性囊实性颅咽管瘤的治疗经验。对16例肿瘤实体部分靠近视神经、视交又及视束者，先行立体定向穿刺抽吸加核素内放疗，再行γ-刀治疗；对10例肿瘤囊性部分靠近视神经、视交又及视束者，先行γ-刀治疗，再行穿刺抽吸加核素内放疗。结果随访6～42个月，平均24．5个月；临床症状和体征消失10例，改善13例，无变化2例，加重1例。影像学检查结果显示病变消失4例，缩小17例，无变化3例。增大2例；有效控制率为92．3％。结论对复发性囊实性颅咽管瘤联合应用立体定向穿刺抽吸引流、^32P内放疗及γ-刀等治疗手段，具有并发症少，复发率及病死率低等优点。     

功能性和立体定向神经外科杂志第3卷(1990)主题索引

脑血管病脑内血肿立体定向清除术王孟忱等(1):10CT引导下的定向清除高血压脑出血(附30例 临床治疗分析)刘宗惠等(4):1定向液流冲击血肿排空术治疗高血压脑溢血 周一农(3):64定向清除脑内血肿疗效观察 孙永安等(4):况CT定位尿激酶溶解法治疗高血压性脑出血 (附25例报告)罗毅男等(4):24高血压脑出血立体定向穿刺引流 白玉廷(4):理放射治疗脑血管畸形朱廷吉“),24颅内肿瘤CT导向下脑肿瘤活检(附38例报告) 汪业汉等(l):11囊性颅咽管瘤定向手术治疗 汪业汉等(1):16囊性颅咽管瘤定向分流术汪业汉等(3):23立体定向术治疗成人颅咽管瘤2例报告 刘…     

Infrasellar craniopharyngioma

Object

Infrasellar craniopharyngioma (IC) is a rare tumor. This study aimed to investigate the clinical manifestations, treatment methods, and prognosis of IC, which invades the cranial base, nasal sinuses, nasopharynx and clivus.

Methods

Eleven consecutive cases of IC who received treatment in People's Liberation Army Navy General Hospital from 1988 to 2007 were retrospectively analyzed, and the clinical manifestations of IC were summarized. At the same time, literature pertinent to IC was reviewed. These patients consisted of six males and five females with an average age of 28.5 years (range 7–52 years old). Among them, nine cases were identified as simple IC and two cases as suprasellar and IC. Clinical manifestations included headache (seven cases), nasal obstruction (four cases), polydipsia and polyuria (four cases), visual disorder (five cases), delayed sex organ development (three cases), menstrual disorder (one case) and no symptoms (one case). Tumor invasion regions included sellar bottom, ethmoidal sinus, maxillary sinus, sphenoidal sinus, infrasellar region, clivus, nasopharynx and nasal cavity. Solid craniopharyngioma was observed in three cases, cystic craniopharyngioma in seven cases, and mixed cystic and solid type in one case. Four cases underwent craniotomy for tumor resection (three cases also received adjuvant external beam radiation therapy), two cases underwent transnasal approach tumor resection under endoscope guidance (one case simultaneously received adjuvant interstitial brachytherapy) and four cases underwent stereotactic interstitial radiation (radioisotope ³²P brachytherapy).

Results

All cases were followed up for an average of 22.5 years (range 9–98 months). Imaging results showed that tumors disappeared in one case, were clearly reduced in eight cases and were stable in two cases. Clinical symptoms disappeared in three cases, and improved in seven cases. No symptoms appeared in the case presenting with no symptoms. All patients were able to resume work, study and daily tasks.

Conclusions

IC is rare (the present cases account for 0.23% of all retrieved cases). Its chief clinical manifestations include headache, nasal obstruction, polydipsia and polyuria, and visual disorder. Lesions include solid, cystic, and mixed cystic and solid types. It is very difficult to resect the whole diseased region because this disease invades the cranial base, nasal sinuses and nasopharynx. Individualized treatments should be used according to lesion characteristics and invasion range, for example, stereotaxic interstitial brachytherapy. Radical resection or partial resection plus external beam radiation therapy produces better prognosis in IC than intracranial craniopharyngioma.     

Stereotactic intracavitary irradiation of large cystic craniopharyngiomas

During the years 1988-1992, 50 patients with large cystic craniopharyngioma were treated with stereotactic injection of radionuclide. The patients aged from 3 to 69 (average 21) years. Of these patients, 36 were primary cases and 14 were recurrences after previous major surgery. The cyst volume of craniopharyngiomas was 28-126 cm(3) (average 38 cm(3)). The Leksell stereotactic system was used for injection of radionuclides Au-198, P-32 and Y90. Eighty-four injections were performed in 50 patients; additional injections took place at intervals of 1-6 months. There were no operative deaths and no serious complications. The follow-up period ranged from 1 to 5 years (average 2.6 years). Eighty-six percent of patients improved clinically and computed tomography re-examination confirmed shrinkage of the cysts.     

Long term results of multimodality treatment of craniopharyngioma in children

The management of craniopharyngioma has been controversial for years. We review our 20 year experience in the treatment of paediatric craniopharyngioma. Twenty-five patients were treated for craniopharyngioma at The Montreal Children's Hospital from 1972 to 1991. They included 15 males and 10 females whose median age was 10 years. The initial clinical manifestations were remarkable for a predominance of symptoms and signs related to intracranial hypertension, followed in frequency by visual and endocrinological deficits. Radiologically, there were five cystic craniopharyngiomas, one solid and 19 mixed. Several therapeutic approaches were used including stereotactic drainage followed by radiotherapy or radiosurgery (three cases), transsphenoidal removal (six cases) and subfrontal and/or pterional craniotomy for total (three cases) or partial (13 cases) removal, followed by radiotherapy in 10 cases. The follow up period averaged 11 years. Eight patients recurred, three after total and three after partial removal; none of these six patients had received radiotherapy. Two cases treated by stereotactic drainage recurred, one received adjuvant radiosurgery and the other conventional radiotherapy. Morbidity was lower, and quality of survival better, with more conservative approaches. More conservative approaches in the management of craniopharyngioma are reasonable alternatives for treatment. Similar rates of disease control are observed with less morbidity and better quality of survival.     

复发颅咽管瘤的综合治疗(附73例临床报道)

目的探讨开颅术后复发,再次手术困难的颅咽管瘤的处理方法。方法对73例复发颅咽管瘤联合应用CT引导立体定向囊腔穿刺,置入Ommaya囊、抽吸囊液^32监P内放疗,γ-刀及脑室-腹腔分流术治疗,长期随访观察疗效。结果除1例巨大单囊性肿瘤术中穿刺时出血,围术期死亡外（1．4％）,其余72例患者在手术中抽出囊液后,临床症状迅速改善,多数患者术中即诉说临床症状有好转。术后可随访到67例,随访期6个月～5年,平均3．4年。囊性肿瘤37例中,临床症状及体征消失21例,改善13例,加重3例,影像学检查结果显示病变完全消失11例,缩小22例,增大3例,有效控制率为91．9％;囊实混合性肿瘤30例中,临床症状及体征消失18例,改善9例,加重3例,影像学检查结果显示病变完全消失4例,缩小23例,增大3例,有效控制率为90．0％。复发6例（8．2％）。结论对于复发而不宜继续开颅手术切除的囊性或囊实混合型颅咽管瘤,联合应用立体定向囊腔穿刺、放置Ommaya囊、抽吸囊液,^32P内放疗,γ-刀及脑室-腹腔分流术等治疗手段,对病人损伤小,并发症少,存活质量高,复发率及病死率均较低,是一种微创、安全、有效、可行的治疗方法,尤以单囊肿瘤和小实体大囊型肿瘤效果较好。     

立体定向术治疗囊性颅咽管瘤--附170例报告

目的通过对立体定向术治疗囊性颅咽管瘤的回顾性分析,总结手术经验。方法应用Leksell-D/G型定向仪,本组170例患者中,24例仅行肿瘤囊腔穿刺冲洗术,15例单纯穿刺冲洗后注入8~16mg平阳霉素行囊腔内化疗,131例行肿瘤囊腔穿刺冲洗术及囊腔侧脑室分流术。结果169例患者术后症状缓解,术后随访135例中,42例复发,其中,28例为单纯穿刺冲洗及穿刺冲洗后注入平阳霉素,14例为定向分流术后,35例失随访。结论立体定向术治疗囊性颅咽管瘤可迅速缓解患者临床症状,对脑组织损伤小,术后并发症较少且较轻微,其中,定向分流术长期疗效优于单纯穿刺肿瘤囊腔冲洗及冲洗 平阳霉素内化疗。