疱疹病毒与慢性牙周炎发生相关性的研究进展

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牙周炎治疗前后口腔挥发性硫化物质量浓度变化的便携式气相色谱仪检测

背景:口气中挥发性硫化物是近年来牙周病学的研究热点。目前,有关牙周治疗对挥发性硫化物3种主要成分质量浓度影响的报道较少。目的:采用便携式气相色谱仪(OralChromaTM)检测牙周炎患者口腔挥发性硫化物的质量浓度变化。方法:采用鼻闻法评定口臭值筛选出全身健康牙周炎患者40例,应用便携式气相色谱仪(OralChromaTM)测定牙周基础治疗前及治疗后1周牙周炎患者口气挥发性硫化物中3种主要成分气体(硫化氢、甲基硫醇和二甲基硫)的质量浓度。牙周治疗包括龈上洁治、龈下刮治和根面平整及牙周冲洗。结果与结论:牙周基础治疗后患者牙周状况得到改善,口气中挥发性硫化物质量浓度显著降低(P0.01),其中硫化氢、甲基硫醇的质量浓度降幅80%,二甲基硫质量浓度降幅50%,硫化氢在3种气体中的质量浓度最高(P0.01)。牙周治疗后口臭值显著低于治疗前(P0.01)。提示便携式气相色谱仪能有效检测口腔挥发性硫化物的主要成分和质量浓度变化,准确反映口臭程度的改变。牙周治疗是减轻牙周炎患者口臭程度和降低口气中挥发性硫化物质量浓度的有效方法。     

5-LOX代谢途径与牙周炎相关性的研究进展

花生四烯酸的代谢产物在炎症性骨破坏疾病的病理过程中发挥着重要的作用,其主要病理机制为破骨细胞的形成和活化,近年来发现花生四烯酸经脂氧酶(1ipoxygenase,LOX)途径代谢的产物LTB4在牙周炎患者龈沟液中的含量高于正常者,给予5-LOX抑制剂的炎症模型中破骨细胞的数量和骨破坏的程度均低于对照组,因而探讨花生四烯酸经5-LOX途径代谢对牙周炎的影响及其机制将有利于进一步阐明牙周炎的发病机理,为牙周炎的防治提出新的思路,本文就有关花生四烯酸脂氧酶代谢途径与牙周炎关系的研究做一综述。     

Toll样受体基因多态性与牙周炎相关性研究进展

牙周炎是一种多基因复杂疾病,尽管牙菌斑是该病的始动因子,但不同个体对于菌斑微生物的反应程度不同,因而不同个体对牙周炎的易感性也有所差异。Toll样受体（TLR）是一种重要的模式识别受体,在宿主对病原微生物的免疫反应当中起着重要的作用。近年来有很多关于TLR基因多态性与牙周炎的研究,但其结果存在人群和种族差异。     

牙周组织再生术联合口腔正畸治疗牙周炎的效果观察

目的 探讨牙周组织再生术联合口腔正畸对牙周炎患者的治疗效果。方法 选取2016年10月~2019年3月在我院诊治的牙周炎患者84例,采用随机数字表法分为常规组与研究组,各42例。常规组采用传统牙周组织再生术治疗,研究组在常规组基础上联合口腔正畸治疗。比较两组口腔相关指标（牙龈附着水平、牙龈指数、牙周探诊深度、牙菌斑指数）、治疗总有效率及不良反应发生率。结果 研究组治疗后牙龈附着水平、牙龈指数、牙周探诊深度、牙菌斑指数均优于常规组,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;研究组治疗总有效率（95.24%）高于对照组（78.57%）,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;研究组不良反应发生率（7.14%）低于常规组（23.80%）,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 牙周组织再生术联合口腔正畸治疗,可优化牙周炎患者的牙龈附着水平、牙龈指数等口腔相关指标,降低不良反应发生率,值得临床应用。     

基于高光谱图像的中医舌苔和舌质分类研究

目的 舌苔和舌质分类对于后续的舌象客观化诊断具有重要的作用,高光谱图像包含大量的数据信息,能够有助于分类效果提升。但是高光谱图像信息量巨大,且传统的方法提取特征不够充分,如何有效提取数据信息并促进舌诊客观化仍是个值得深究的问题。因此,本文提出面向高光谱舌图像的深度学习算法,利用深层网络来提取高光谱图像的数据信息,从而提升舌苔和舌质的分类效果。方法 使用高光谱相机对图像进行采集,对采集的图像构造谱图进行预处理从而简化输入数据的冗余性;为了提取高光谱舌图像的数据信息,在算法上设计了一种可以获取底层特征的残差网络结构,加入了跳跃连接并在每个卷积层前加入批量归一化(batch normallization, BN)和带参数的ReLU(parametric rectified linear unit, PReLU)激活函数来提前激活网络,因此可以提取深层的光谱空间特征以提升分类精度。结果 在高光谱舌图像数据集上的实验表明,本文算法分类精度达到93.9%,优于传统的基于RGB图像分类方法和CNN(convolutional neural network)与VGG(visual geometry g...     

血清CCL21、CYTL-1水平与慢性牙周炎患者牙龈卟啉单胞菌感染及牙周临床指标的相关性

目的 探讨血清趋化因子21(CCL21)、细胞因子样蛋白1(CYTL-1水平)与慢性牙周炎(CP)患者牙龈卟啉单胞菌(PG)感染及牙周临床指标的相关性。方法 选取2019年6月至2023年5月在本院就诊的303例CP患者为实验组研究对象,并选取同期206例非CP患者作为对照组。根据CP患者病情严重程度分为轻度CP组(183例)、中度CP组(86例)、重度CP组(34例),分析患者一般资料及牙周指标的差异。检测血清中CCL21和CYTL-1表达水平。分析血清CCL21和CYTL-1表达水平与PG感染和牙周临床指标的相关性;采用ROC曲线分析CCL21和CYTL-1对CP的诊断价值。结果 实验组PG的阳性率(68.32%)远高于对照组(17.96%)(P<0.05)。实验组中血清CCL21表达水平(270.82±33.77pg/mL)显著高于对照组(237.56±40.07pg/mL)(P<0.05),血清CYTL-1表达水平(174.41±29.85ng/mL)显著低于对照组(206.44±38.23ng/mL)(P<0.05)。随着CP患者病情的不断加重,PG的阳性率...     

基于人体呼出气体标志物检测的口腔疾病筛查与诊断研究

建立基于气相色谱与质谱(GC-MS)联用技术分析口腔内挥发性硫化物(VSCs)浓度的标准化方法和流程.利用气袋采集65个受试者的呼气样本,并采用GC-MS和临床使用的口气检测仪分析样本内VSCs浓度,对两种方法检测的浓度值进行相关性分析.进一步采用ROC法建立口臭等级阈值模型,设计基于线性判别分析、逻辑回归、支持向量机...     

慢性牙周炎口腔变黑普雷沃氏菌分离鉴定及促进食管鳞癌演进

目的分离、鉴定口腔变黑普雷沃氏菌(Prevotella nigrescens,P.nigrescens),探讨其对食管鳞癌是否有促进作用。方法胰豆胨肝粉琼脂(GAM)培养基厌氧原代培养慢性牙周炎患者龈沟液,挑选黑色菌落分离纯化;革兰染色、16S rRNA基因测序鉴定分离的单克隆细菌;该细菌感染食管鳞癌细胞NE6-T后细胞生物学性状变化。结果慢性牙周炎患者龈沟液厌氧原代培养120 h后可见多个菌落,其中灰黑色菌落经连续划线法分离纯化为黑色、圆形光滑单克隆菌落。该细菌革兰染色阴性、串珠状排列,16S rDNA序列与P.nigrescens F0103同源性为99.78%(P.nigrescens LY01)。LY01感染促进NE6-T细胞体外增殖、迁移、侵袭和裸鼠皮下荷瘤生长,并诱导Ki67表达上调和p-STAT3激活。结论慢性牙周炎口腔P.nigrescens可能促进了食管鳞癌发展。     

牙周炎的病变程度与牙髓组织改变关系的研究

为了分析牙周炎的病变程度与牙髓组织改变的关系,对100个牙体完好的具有不同牙周破坏程度的牙周炎患牙进行了组织学观察,分析牙根暴露量、牙周袋深度和牙齿松动度与牙髓病变的关系。结果表明牙周炎的病变程度与牙髓改变有一定的关系:在牙周炎时,随着牙周破坏程度加重,牙髓病变发生率逐渐增高,根据这个观察结果,作者认为牙髓炎症与牙周炎有一定的关系,但与牙周的破坏程度无重要关系。牙髓坏死主要见于牙周破坏非常严重的病例。     

Correlation between E-cadherin and CD44 adhesion molecules expression and cervical lymph node metastasis in oral tongue SCC: Predictive significance or not

The aim of this article was to evaluate the expression of E-cadherin and CD44 adhesion molecule in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) since inappropriate expression of adhesion molecules raises the metastatic ability of the tumor cells.Biopsy specimens from 92 patients with tongue SCC were examined for the expression of E-cadherin and CD44 by immunohistochemistry. The relationship of immunoreactivity with tumor stage and cervical lymph node metastasis was then analyzed.Sixty-one patients (66.3%) had reduced or negative staining for CD44. Weak or absent staining for E-cadherin was seen in 14 patients (15.21%). Cervical lymph node metastasis is associated with decreased or negative staining for CD44, but no association was found between E-cadherin immunoreactivity and nodal metastasis.Our study reveals that reduced expression of CD44 could be an indicator of high invasiveness of tumor by increasing cervical lymph node metastasis.     

Morphological and kinematic study of the tongue and buccal cavity in the lizard Anguis fragilis (Reptilia: Anguidae)

Background. The ability to detect chemical cues is highly developed in Scleroglossa, and particularly in anguid lizards. This ability was predicted because anguids possess a well-developed vomeronasal organ (VNO) (or Jacobson's organ) and rely largely on chemical cues in various behaviours as other active foragers. In this work, we have investigated the possible functional association between tongue flicking and the VNO in the lizard Anguis fragilis. Methods. The morphology of the tongue and the buccal cavity was investigated by light and scanning electron microscopy. The kinematics of tongue and jaw movements was studied by high speed cinematography. Results. The epithelial cells of the ventral aspect of the tongue tips show microstructures (microridges, microfacets, micropores) which are not present on other areas of the mouth. Beneath the tongue, the floor of the buccal cavity shows two concave-like elevations suggesting a structural analogy with the anterior processes described in snakes. The apex and the internal margin of these processes bear parallel oblique ridges. Taste buds occur anteriorly on the buccal floor and on the palate and are abundant on the internal side and on the edge on the anterior processes. The tongue showed three modes of tongue flicking: simple downward extension, single oscillation, and multiple oscillations. At each tongue flick, the ventral surface of the tips was observed contacting the substratum. Immediately after the tongue retraction, the buccal floor moved slightly upward. The observation of tongue flicking with the mouth open showed that the anterior processes moved upward when the tongue was retracted. Conclusions. These observations suggest the following: (1) during tongue flicking the ventral surface of the tongue tips invariably makes contact with the substratum; (2) the microstructures of the tongue tips and the ridges of the anterior processes might be helpful for collecting and receiving, respectively, chemicals during tongue flicking; (3) the anterior processes may be apposed on the roof of the mouth next to the ducts of VNOs when the buccal floor is fully elevated; (4) due to their localization, the taste buds could be equally stimulated by the molecules transferred during tongue flicking. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Number and distribution of taste buds in the oral cavity of hatchling chicks

The location and number of taste buds were mapped in palatal epithelia of one-day old chicks and bud widths measured. Bud counts additionally were recorded for the tongue, and floor of the lower beak. An average of 316 taste buds was observed in the oral cavity of which 69%, 29% and 2% were distributed across oral epithelium in the upper beak (palate), lower beak and posteroventrolateral region of the anterior tongue, respectively. In each oral region, salivary gland ducts lying adjacent as well as gland ductules penetrating through the buds were prevalent. This relation may provide the bio-fluid milieu for receptor stimulation during feeding. Widths of palatal buds were bimodally distributed, peaking at diameters between 40-49 and 60-69 microns. The taste bud-rich oral epithelium in these one-day old chicks is consonant with their precocial nature. The topographic distribution of taste buds appears to be in register with those regions of epithelium contacted by food which is transported anteroposteriorly through the oral cavity by the chicken's prehensile tongue.     

糖尿病牙周炎昆明系模型小鼠牙周组织中脂联素的表达

背景：脂联素与牙周炎和2型糖尿病发病有密切关系。 目的：检测糖尿病牙周炎昆明系小鼠牙周组织中脂联素表达的变化及对牙周组织病理形态及预后的影响。 方法：将3周龄的昆明系小鼠按不同造模方式分随机为3组：对照组正常饲养,糖尿病组通过四氧嘧啶注射法建立2型糖尿病模型小鼠,糖尿病+牙周炎组采用牙周局部结扎联合涂菌建立牙周炎模型小鼠。 结果与结论：造模后20 d,糖尿病组小鼠血糖、空腹胰岛素水平及胰岛素抵抗指数高于对照组(P < 0.05)。ELISA法、RT-PCR、western lot检测显示,造模1,3,6个月后,脂联素基因及蛋白的表达对照组>糖尿病组>糖尿病伴牙周炎组小鼠牙周组织中表达水平依次减弱(P < 0.05)。造模1,3,6个月后,取3组小鼠的牙周组织通过直接观察牙龈组织炎症变化及病理组织学检测显示,糖尿病伴牙周炎组小鼠牙周组织炎细胞浸润最明显、在糖尿病组部分小鼠可见中度牙龈组织炎症、对照组小鼠牙周组织未见炎细胞浸润。结果表明,糖尿病后牙周组织脂联素表达降低是牙周炎发病及加重的重要因素之一。 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植;肝移植;移植;心脏移植;组织移植;皮肤移植;皮瓣移植;血管移植;器官移植;组织工程全文链接：     

腭舌结构特点与改良腭咽成形及舌根消融术治疗重度OSAHS的临床意义

目的　探讨根据腭、舌部解剖结构应用低温等离子辅助行改良腭咽成形及舌根消融术治疗重度阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)的疗效并进行评价。 方法　对82例重度OSAHS患者用低温等离子辅助行改良腭咽成形（H-UPPP）及舌根消融术,术前行多导睡眠监测（PSG）：AHI>50,LSaO2<80%;纤维喉镜配合Muller's运动检查（FEMM）及MRI检查,患者均存在腭咽及舌根平面狭窄,术后6、12个月随访并行PSG监测等。 结果　术后6、12个月有效率分别为86.9%、80.2% ,术后与术前比较AHI值下降（P<0.01）,且LSaO2升高（P<0.05）,所有患者主观症状较术前明显改善,有高血压等并发症的患者大部分减轻甚至恢复正常。6例患者术后5～9 d不同程度出血,少数患者1～2月内有味觉稍减退、咽干、返流、咽异物感,后均恢复正常,1例术后第10 d出现肺动脉栓塞,经治疗后好转;其余患者无并发症出现。 结论　根据腭、舌部解剖结构应用低温等离子辅助行改良腭咽成形及舌根消融术治疗重度OSAHS,作为一种微创手术,具有出血少、创伤小,并发症少的优点,是可行、安全而有效的,可成为OSAHS患者手术治疗的主要选择,值得在临床上推广。     

Thermosensitive units in the tongue and in the skin of the duck's bill

Summary Thermosensitive units resembling cold receptors were found to be innervated by ramus ophthalmicus and ramus maxillaris, branches of nervus trigeminus and by ramus lignualis, a branch of nervus glossopharyngeus. Units were localized in the bill's skin and in the tongue of the duck. They very likely correspond to intraepidermal free endings.     

Organization of the cerebellar tongue representation in the monkey

Summary The cerebellar nuclei of rhesus monkeys were stimulated electrically and evoked responses of the tongue recorded with force-displacement transducers and electromyographically. Stimulation of the dentate (DN) and fastigial (FN) nuclei produced different effects on the tongue musculature, the former evoking movements characterized by changes in both the lateral and anteroposterior (AP) dimensions of the tongue and the latter movements associated with a preferential change in the AP dimension. While all three deep nuclei influenced the genioglossus muscle, the influences varied across nuclei in the following manner: FN produced the largest amplitude genioglossus mediated AP excursions and DN the smallest, with the nucleus interpositus (NI) occupying an intermediate position; and, FN and medial NI stimulation evoked changes in genioglossus respiratory activity whereas DN stimulation did not. These data indicate that the cerebellar tongue representation is organized into different functional zones and that within an anatomically broad representation of a single target muscle, nuclear functional specificity exists.     

Correlation between single nucleotide polymorphisms in a calprotectin subunit gene and risk of periodontitis in a Chinese population

S100A8, the light subunit of calprotectin, has been known to be associated with periodontal inflammation. The present study looked to detect whether three polymorphisms in the upstream region of the S100A8 gene are correlated with periodontitis. Three hundred and twenty one subjects, including chronic periodontitis (CP) patients, aggressive periodontitis (AgP) patients and periodontally healthy controls, were recruited. The SNPs rs3795391, rs3806232 and rs3885688 were analyzed by PCR-RFLP analysis. No person carried the rs3885688 polymorphism in this cohort. For the other two polymorphisms, the combined effects of genotype/allele and gender were shown to be associated with the risk of periodontitis using multivariate logistic regression analysis. The G⁺ genotype/G allele may be considered to exert a significant protective effect in males against AgP (Genotype: rs3795391: P = 0.032, rs3806232: P = 0.017; Allele: rs3795391: P = 0.024, rs3806232: P = 0.013). Although the combined effects of genotype and gender on CP susceptibility were not observed for these two polymorphisms, there does seem to be increased risk of CP in males with allele A compared to females with allele A (rs3795391: P = 0.008; rs3806232: P = 0.009). Hence we found an important association between polymorphisms in the S100A8 gene and periodontitis in a Chinese population.     

Ultrasonic assessment of the anatomy and function of the tongue

Summary The tongue is a complex muscular structure. Apart from its intrinsic strength, it has a major influence on the adjacent bony structures. Real time ultrasound appears to be the method of choice for assessing the topographic and functional anatomy. The examination was performed using an Acuson 128 scanner, with a 5 MHz probe, either a sector scanner (sagittal plane) or linear array probe (coronal plane). The scans were performed using the sub-hyoid approach, between the rami of the mandible. The images were stored on U-matic videotape. Thirty adult patients were included in the study population. The scan protocol consisted of an examination of the tongue at rest, a scan of the swallowing mechanism with and without a liquid bolus and a study of the posterior lingual positions (which show some anatomical variation). The intrinsic muscles of the tongue and the floor of the mouth could be identified on the at rest images. The lingual mass is the most important parameter and is opposed against the palate in order to propel a bolus during the swallowing mechanism. The mobility, shape and supporting structures of the tongue are variable depending on the nature of the bolus, the patient and the two imaging planes. Ultrasound is a simple and non-invasive method for the examination of the buccal cavity. The function of the posterior portion of the tongue must be taken into consideration prior to any treatment concerning the oral cavity.

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Approche anatomique et fonctionnelle de la langue par l'échographie

Résumé La langue est un ensemble musculaire complexe. De part son pouvoir morphogénétique, elle joue un rôle important sur les pièces osseuses l'environnant. L'échographie en temps réel nous a paru être le moyen de choix pour l'appréhender sur le plan topographique et fonctionnel. Cette étude a été effectuée à l'aide d'un échographe type Acuson 128 ; les sondes ont une fréquence de 5 mHz ; elles sont sectorielles (plan sagittal) ou linéaires (plan frontal). Elles sont placées dans la région sous-hyoïdienne, entre les deux branches horizontales de la mandibule. Les images sont stockées sur magnétoscope U-Matic. La population est constituée de 30 adultes. Le protocole est le suivant : examen de la langue au repos, puis en fonction : déglutition à vide, et, de substance liquide. L'analyse des images lors de la position de repos nous a permis de reconnaître les muscles de la langue et du plancher de la bouche, et d'apprécier la posture linguale (qui change selon les individus). Au cours de la déglutition : les muscles du plancher de la bouche et de la langue se déforment. La masse linguale est l'élément le plus intéressant à observer : elle se place contre le palais dur pour propulser le bol vers l'arrière. La mobilité, la forme, les appuis linguaux sont variables selon la nature du bol, selon les patients, et ce dans les deux sens de l'espace. L'examen échographique nous renseigne de façon simple et non invasive sur ce qui se passe dans la cavité buccale. La langue, de part sa posture, son activité au cours de la fonction est un élément important dont il faut tenir compte avant, ou pendant toute thérapeutique visant à restaurer la cavité orale.