邱隘镇托幼机构保健人员素质调查

目的了解邱隘镇托幼机构保健人员现状和存在问题,进一步提高辖区内托幼机构卫生保健工作质量。方法采取调查问卷形式对保健人员的基本情况进行调查。结果 14家托幼机构保健人员18名,保健人员配备不足,尤其医护专业的保健人员仅11.1%,专业构成不合理,年龄有老化趋势;部分保健人员无法胜任卫生保健工作。结论托幼机构需按园规模,根据在园儿童数配备足够的专职保健人员,保健机构加强对保健人员的业务培训。     

中国托幼机构卫生保健人员现状调查

目的了解中国托幼机构卫生保健人员配备现状及专业技术情况,并分析可能的影响因素,为提高集体儿童保健工作以及政策决策制定提供依据。方法调查数据来自于2013年全国托幼机构卫生保健工作现状调查,采用容量比例概率抽样方法进行分层抽样,共有5 405所托幼机构完成卫生保健人员调查。结果中国托幼机构卫生保健人员的配备率为74.98%,兼职卫生保健人员和专职卫生保健人员配备率分别为44.20%和30.78%;34.11%的卫生保健人员有医学学历,23.35%的卫生保健人员有医师/护士资格,仅15.32%的卫生保健人员有医师/护士执业资格;卫生保健人员配备率和专业技术资格情况在不同地域分布、园所所在地和不同规模间差异有统计学意义。多元logistic回归分析显示,地域划分、园所所在地和园所规模均是影响卫生保健人员配备的因素,东部托幼机构配备卫生保健人员是西部的4倍。结论中国托幼机构卫生保健人员配备较10年前有较大提高,但仍然存在人员配备不足、工作兼职和专业水平不足问题。     

泉州市托幼机构卫生保健与儿童营养性疾病分析

目的通过分析2013—2017年泉州市托幼机构卫生保健工作与儿童营养性疾病现状,浅谈托幼机构卫生保健管理的措施和方法。方法根据2013—2017年泉州市托儿所、幼儿园卫生保健工作年报表,对泉州市托幼机构基本情况、开办伙食与保健人员配备情况和儿童体检情况等进行描述性分析。结果 2013—2017年泉州市托幼机构数增加6.02%;入托园儿童数增加17.70%;入托园儿童体检率呈逐年上升趋势,平均体检率96.53%;儿童中重度营养不良患病率和中重度贫血患病率均呈逐年下降趋势(χ2=128.460、274.465,P=0.000),降比分别为13.94%、51.16%,中重度肥胖患病率上升3.31%;开办伙食的托幼机构比例呈逐年递增趋势,保健人员与儿童平均比为1∶227,专职保健人员占保健人员平均比也仅为26.89%。结论泉州市托幼机构卫生保健状况近年来虽然得到改善,但仍不容乐观,应落实具体措施和方法,提高托幼机构儿童卫生保健水平。     

徐州市托幼机构卫生保健工作现状调查

目的 了解徐州市托幼机构卫生保健工作现状,提高托幼机构卫生保健工作管理水平,从而提高在园儿童健康水平。方法 通过各县区妇计中心上报的《徐州市托幼机构卫生保健工作年报》收集辖区内的托幼机构卫生保健相关信息并进行分析。结果 全市1 151所托幼机构,主城区171所,县区980所,托幼机构卫生保健工作存在地区差异性,主城区托幼卫生保健人员中有医学背景人员占37.16%,高于县区的7.92%(χ2=122.57,P<0.01);主城区在园儿童低体重率为1.90%,高于县区的1.60%(χ2=11.51,P<0.01),超重率为10.60%,高于县区的4.00%(χ2=3 022.77,P<0.01)及肥胖率为5.0%,高于县区的1.80%(χ2=1 529.91,P<0.01),县区在园儿童生长迟缓率较高(2.20% VS 1.70%,χ2=32.96,P<0.01);主城区托幼机构进行膳食营养计算及定期召开膳食委员会等方面工作较县区规范。结论 全市托幼机构卫生保健工作整体水平较好,但地区差异显著,应进一步加强管理督导,增加卫生保健人员数量,提高管理水平,保障在园儿童身心健康。     

深圳市某街道私立托幼机构卫生保健状况分析

[目的]了解私立托幼机构卫生保健状况,为改进卫生保健措施提供科学依据.[方法]按照《广东省托儿所幼儿园卫生保健质量检查表》进行检查.[结果]全街道26所私立托幼机构中12所没有办园许可证,并且没有独立厨房或与小学共用,15所托幼机构的卫生保健制度和卫生保健表登记不健全,9所没有保健室,14所没有隔离室,17所没有带量食谱.4名保健人员未接受过卫生保健方面的专业培训.[结论]要加强对私立托幼机构卫生保健工作的管理,重点做好私立托幼机构的儿童饮食管理和营养指导工作.     

无锡市梁溪区托幼机构保健人员现状调查

目的了解无锡市梁溪区托幼机构卫生保健人员现状,为促进辖区内卫生保健工作提供依据。方法分析2016年辖区内托幼机构年报统计数据。结果全区共有64所托幼机构,其中公办园36所,民办园28所,保健人员共223名。公办园与民办园在保健人员的学历和专业素质均较高,分布差异无统计学意义(χ2=2.76、P>0.05,χ2=0.1、P>0.05)。在保健人员的年龄分布和工作年限分布差异有统计学意义(χ2=15.36、P<0.01,χ2=11.27、P<0.01)。结论梁溪区托幼机构公办园和民办园卫生保健人员学历及专业水平相当,整体水平较高。但在保健人员工作稳定性方面民办园与公办园还有一定差距,公办园卫生保健工作更有连续性,民办园还需进一步加强保健人员队伍的稳定。     

北京市朝阳区143所托幼机构卫生保健现状分析

目的 了解北京市朝阳区托幼机构卫生保健的现状及存在的问题,为政府相关部门制定托幼机构卫生保健政策提供依据。方法 采用分层随机抽样的方法选取北京市朝阳区143所托幼机构,对卫生保健情况进行调查和综合评价。结果 北京市朝阳区托幼机构卫生保健合格率为86.7%。31.5%的托幼机构能够达到每收托100名儿童配备1名专职卫生保健人员的配备要求。教育部门办园卫生保健综合评价合格率最高(100.0%),单位办园次之(95.8%),民办园合格率最低(77.9%),(χ2=10.995,P＜0.05)。示范幼儿园合格率最高(100.0%),无级无类幼儿园最低(71.4%),(χ2=16.108,P＜0.05)。结论 朝阳区托幼机构卫生保健工作整体良好,不同性质、不同类别托幼机构卫生保健工作具有一定的差距,应加强示范托幼机构的示范引领作用,加大对民办幼儿园的监督管理力度和扶持力度。     

兰州市托幼机构保教人员儿童意外伤害救护技术培训与能力调查

目的 了解兰州市托幼机构保教人员儿童意外伤害救护能力与培训情况,为开展普及培训提供依据.方法 自编问卷、随机抽样对316名托幼机构保教人员进行调查.结果 面对突发意外伤害,71.33%(214名)的保教人员对儿童实施急救时没有信心;参加过急救培训的保教人员为24.34%(73名);不同工龄、不同性质保教人员儿童意外伤害救护信心均有显著性差异(P＜0.01).结论 保教人员缺乏对儿童意外伤害救护的信心,急救培训率低,应大力开展急救培训.     

长春市二道区私立托幼机构卫生保健状况分析

目的:了解私立托幼机构卫生保健状况,为改进卫生保健措施提供科学依据。方法:按照《吉林省托儿所幼儿园卫生保健质量检查表》进行检查。结果:全区26所托幼机构中私立托幼机构20所,其中12所没有办园许可证,并且没有独立厨房,9所没有保健室,14所没有隔离室,17所没有带量食谱,15所托幼机构的卫生保健制度和卫生保健登记不健全,4名保健人员未接受过卫生保健方面的专业培训。结论:要加强对私立托幼机构卫生保健工作的管理,重点做好私立托幼机构的儿童饮食管理和营养指导工作。     

无锡市锡山区托幼机构卫生保健现状调查分析

目的了解托幼机构卫生保健工作现状,提高卫生保健工作质量。方法对无锡市锡山区托幼机构卫生保健状况进行调查和分析。结果所辖35所幼儿园符合卫生保健合格标准的合格率为100%;托幼机构创建卫生站的建成率为60%;在园儿童伸长体重达标率为64.7%,贫血患病率为1.71%,传染病患病率为7.06%,弱视筛查率为94.57%,视力筛查阳性率为3.91%。结论需进一步完善托幼机构卫生保健管理制度,提高托幼机构卫生保健水平和人员素质。     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.