降钙素原在新生儿败血症诊断中的价值

目的为探讨血清降钙索原(PCT)对新生儿败血症早期诊断及鉴别诊断的价值。方法采用免疫色谱法对98例不同程度感染的新生儿进行PCT测定。结果败血症患儿PCT阳性(≥0．5ng／ml)率95％(其中75％≥2ng／ml，1例阴性病例为血培养阳性的脓疱疹患儿，临床无炎性反应表现)，局部感染阳性率5．26％，非感染7．69％。所有上呼吸道感染患儿均阴性。新生儿PCT水平在败血症及其他感染患儿间有显著差异。结论PCT是新生儿败血症早期诊断及鉴别诊断有价值的指标。     

降钙素原在新生儿败血症诊断中的价值

目的　为探讨血清降钙素原 (PCT)对新生儿败血症早期诊断及鉴别诊断的价值。方法　采用免疫色谱法对 98例不同程度感染的新生儿进行PCT测定。结果　败血症患儿PCT阳性 (≥0 5ng/ml)率 95 % (其中 75 %≥ 2ng/ml,1例阴性病例为血培养阳性的脓疱疹患儿 ,临床无炎性反应表现 ) ,局部感染阳性率 5 2 6 % ,非感染 7 6 9%。所有上呼吸道感染患儿均阴性。新生儿PCT水平在败血症及其他感染患儿间有显著差异。结论　PCT是新生儿败血症早期诊断及鉴别诊断有价值的指标     

降钙素原在新生儿败血症中的应用价值

降钙素原(procalcitonin,PCT)是提示细菌感染的重要炎症标志物,被广泛应用于成人和儿童感染性疾病的诊断,是指导抗生素治疗的参考指标。近年研究表明,PCT作为一种高敏感度及高特异度的炎症标志物,在新生儿败血症的诊断及鉴别诊断、病情判断、预后分析、抗生素使用中也有很好的应用前景。新生儿早期PCT具有生理性升高的特点,了解新生儿PCT的变化特点和影响因素对临床准确判断病情具有重要意义。该文就PCT在新生儿败血症中的应用进展进行综述。     

新生儿败血症血中降钙素原升高

本文对新生儿败血症时血中降钙素原(ｐｒｏＣＴ)的变化进行了初步的探讨 ,现报告如下。材料与方法一、病例的一般情况6 0例实验对象分为 3组 ,第 1组为新生儿败血症组共 2 4例 ,其中早产儿 8例 ,胎龄32～ 35周。第 2组为 2 0例ＨＩＥ组 ,其中早产儿 1 4例 ,胎龄 31～ 36周 ,中度 6例 ,重度 8例 ,另选 1 6例新生儿作为正常对照 ,其中早产儿 8例。二、血标本的采集与检测败血症及ＨＩＥ患儿均在入院未接受抗生素治疗前采血静脉 ,分离血清后 30℃放置待检。ｐｒｏＣＴ采用放射免疫法测定 ,试剂购自ＢＲＡＨＭＳ(Ｄｉａｇｎｏｓｔｉｃａ ,Ｂｅｒ…     

降钙素原在新生儿感染中的应用价值

目的为进一步提高新生儿重症感染的早期诊断率 ,探讨一种快速可靠的方法。方法对以新生儿感染为诊断收入我院新生儿科 (包括NICU)的71例新生儿进行降钙素原 (PCT)的测定 ,并与C反应蛋白 (CRP)进行比较 ,将患儿分为重症感染、一般感染和非感染3组进行分析。结果重症感染组PCT阳性率89.29 % ,一般感染组PCT阳性率54.55 % ,非感染组PCT阳性率9.52 % ,重症感染组PCT阳性率明显高于其他两组 ,3组间PCT值差异有极显著性 (P<0.001)。以0.5ng/ml为临界值,PCT诊断重症感染的敏感度为89.29 %,特异度为67.44 %;以2ng/ml为临界值,诊断重症感染的敏感度为71.43,特异度为90.70 %。与CRP相比 ,PCT诊断感染特别是重症感染的敏感性、特异性更高。结论细菌感染时血清PCT水平会升高 ,特别是全身性重症细菌感染时其升高尤为明显 ,可作为新生儿感染的早期检测指标 ,与CRP相比 ,PCT较其优越性更明显 ,特别对新生儿重症感染如败血症等诊断更有价值。     

降钙素原诊断新生儿败血症的临床价值

目的 评价降钙素原(PCT)诊断新生儿败血症的临床价值.方法 选择入院日龄为3～28 d的新生儿.根据新生儿败血症诊断标准进行分组:对照组、局部感染组、单纯败血症组、败血症合并严重并发症组.按预先设定时间段对研究对象采血以分别进行PCT、超敏C反应蛋白(hsCRP)、血培养及血常规检测,并对资料进行统计分析.结果 共入选76例,对照组20例、局部感染组15例、单纯败血症组29例、败血症合并严重并发症组12例.PCT作为新生儿败血症的诊断指标,其灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为82.9%、97.1%、97.1%、82.9%,优于hsCRP(80.4%、88.6%、89.2%、79.9%).与hsCRP相比,PCT与败血症的严重程度相关性更强(rPCT=0.859,rhsCRP=0.782),与败血症临床情况更相符(P<0.05).结论 血清PCT作为实验室检测指标,有助于新生儿败血症的临床诊断及治疗.     

降钙素原在新生儿早发型败血症中的诊断价值

目的 探讨生后3 d内降钙素原（PCT）在新生儿早发型败血症（EOS）中的诊断价值,拟定不同胎龄段新生儿生后不同时龄段PCT诊断EOS的阈值。方法 纳入确诊败血症109例、临床诊断败血症215例、非败血症367例新生儿为研究对象,通过ROC曲线分析不同胎龄段、时龄段新生儿PCT水平诊断EOS的最佳阈值,比较PCT与血培养的诊断价值。结果 确诊组中胎龄<34周患儿PCT水平明显高于胎龄≥ 34周患儿（P < 0.05）。胎龄≥ 34周患儿在不同时龄段<12 h、12~<24 h、24~<36 h、36~<48 h、48~<60 h、60~72 h,PCT诊断EOS的最佳阈值分别为1.588、4.960、5.583、1.710、3.570、3.574 ng/mL,灵敏度分别为0.688、0.737、0.727、0.732、0.488、0.333,特异度分别为0.851、0.883、0.865、0.755、0.930、0.900。生后36 h内PCT的曲线下面积较血培养大（P < 0.05）。结论 晚期早产儿（胎龄≥ 34周）及足月儿在PCT诊断EOS时可采用共同的标准,但早期早产儿（胎龄<34周）需单独考虑。PCT诊断不同时龄段EOS患儿有不同的最佳诊断阈值,生后36 h内PCT在EOS中的诊断价值比血培养高。     

核因子-κB及血清降钙素原与新生儿败血症相关性研究

目的探讨核因子-κB(NF-κB)及血清降钙素原(PCT)与新生儿败血症的关系。方法选择我科2008年10月至2010年10月住院的败血症新生儿为败血症组,血培养阴性、确诊感染的病例为普通感染组,同期收住的非感染性疾病新生儿20例为对照组。败血症组患儿分别于入院时和入院后7天,普通感染组和对照组于入院时采集静脉血检测外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)中NF-κB表达和血清PCT水平,所得数值进行组间比较。结果败血症组(29例)NF-κB表达及PCT水平在入院时明显高于入院后7天、普通感染组(26例)及对照组[NF-κB:(19.1±2.4)%比(6.9±2.0)%、(12.7±2.7)%、(4.8±2.1)%,PCT:(20.0±3.0)ng/ml比(1.8±2.1)ng/ml、(11.8±4.1)ng/ml、1.7±0.7)ng/ml,P均<0.05];普通感染组高于对照组和败血症组入院后7天,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05);对照组与败血症组入院后7天比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 NF-κB和PCT是早期诊断新生儿败血症较好的实验室指标,动态监测其变化可以判断临床疗效。     

降钙素原在新生儿败血症中的应用价值

降钙素原(procalcitonin, PCT)是提示细菌感染的重要炎症标志物, 被广泛应用于成人和儿童感染性疾病的诊断, 是指导抗生素治疗的参考指标。近年研究表明, PCT作为一种高敏感度及高特异度的炎症标志物, 在新生儿败血症的诊断及鉴别诊断、病情判断、预后分析、抗生素使用中也有很好的应用前景。新生儿早期PCT具有生理性升高的特点, 了解新生儿PCT的变化特点和影响因素对临床准确判断病情具有重要意义。该文就PCT在新生儿败血症中的应用进展进行综述。     

CD64、降钙素原在新生儿败血症诊断中的价值

目的探讨CD64、血清降钙素原(PCT)在新生儿败血症诊断中的价值。方法败血症组36例在入院初及恢复期采空腹静脉血,应用流式细胞术测定CD64、应用固相免疫色谱法测定PCT,同时行外周血C-反应蛋白(CRP)测定,并在入院接受抗生素治疗前作血培养。非感染组22例和健康对照组26例一次性采血测定CD64、PCT和CRP。结果败血症组CD64水平为(60.37±22.70)平均荧光强度(MFI),明显高于对照组的(23.14±5.10)MFI(P<0.01);败血症组PCT水平为(24.12±20.37)μg/L,明显高于对照组的(0.30±0.19)μg/L(P<0.01);恢复期CD64、PCT水平均明显下降(P均<0.01)。以CD64≥35 MFI、PCT≥0.5μg/L、CRP≥8 mg/L为阳性标准,三项指标对诊断新生儿败血症的敏感度分别为95.7%、94.4%、69.6%,特异度分别为95.8%、84.6%、75.0%。结论 CD64、PCT可作为新生儿败血症早期诊断、判断病情的重要指标。     

Safety and Efficacy of Intravenous Colistin in Neonates With Culture Proven Sepsis

Background:

Although it is well described among adults, intravenous colistin use and its associated toxicities in newborns are poorly understood.

Objectives:

We present our experience of efficacy and safety of intravenous colistin in the treatment of sepsis in term and preterm neonates.

Patients and Methods:

The records of neonates who received colistin between January 2013 and February 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. All neonates with culture proven nosocomial infections due to multidrug resistant organisms and treated continuously with colistin for more than 72 hours were included in the study.

Results:

Patients were evaluated for clinical and microbiological response to the drug and its and side effects. Twelve newborn infants with mean 31.8 ± 3.5 weeks gestational age and median 1482 (810 - 3200) gram birth weight were included. 11/12 (91.7%) patients showed microbiological clearance with intravenous colistin. One patient who had recurrent cerebrospinal fluid positive culture was treated with intraventricular colistin. The major side effects observed was hyponatremia and hypokalemia in 2 (16.6%) patients, all infants required magnesium supplementation.

Conclusions:

Intravenous colistin administration appears to be safe and efficacious for multidrug-resistant gram-negative infections in neonates, including preterm infants. However, we believe that large prospective controlled studies are needed to confirm its efficacy and safety in neonates.     

Procalcitonin Biomarker Kinetics to Predict Multiorgan Dysfunction Syndrome in Children With Sepsis and Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome

Background:

Procalcitonin (PCT) kinetics is a good prognosis marker in infectious diseases, but few studies of children sepsis have been performed.

Objectives:

The aim of our study was to examine kinetics of procalcitonin, to evaluate its relationship with severity and to analyze its usefulness in the prediction of multiorgan dysfunction syndrome (MODS).

Patients and Methods:

Prospective observational study in an 8-bed pediatric intensive care unit of a university hospital. Sixty-two children aged 0-19 years with systemic inflammatory response syndrome or septic states. The degree of severity was evaluated according pediatric logistic organ dysfunction (PELOD) score. Blood tests to determine levels of PCT were taken if the patients had the criteria of systemic inflammatory response syndrome or sepsis. The serum to determine levels of PCT in control group has been taken from patients undergoing elective surgery.

Results:

Higher values of PCT were identified in patients with PELOD score 12 and more compared to those with PELOD < 12 (P = 0.016). Similarly, higher PCT values were found in patients who developed MODS in contrast to those without MODS (P = 0.011). According to ROC analysis cut-off value of 4.05 ng/mL was found to best discriminate patients with PELOD < 12 and PELOD ≥ 12 with AUC = 0.675 (P = 0.035). Effect of procalcitonin levels on mortality was not demonstrated.

Conclusions:

Levels of procalcitonin from day 1 to day 5 are related to the severity and multiorgan dysfunction syndrome in children.     

脓毒症患儿血清降钙素原动态监测的临床意义

目的 研究血清降钙素原(procalcitonin,PCT)对脓毒症患儿的诊断价值和PCT在评估严重脓毒症方面的意义.方法 采用前瞻性研究,研究对象为2011年7月至2012年4月湖南省儿童医院PICU收治的脓毒症患儿125例,将其分为重症脓毒症组及脓毒症组,同时根据分泌物细菌培养结果分为细菌性脓毒症组及非细菌性脓毒症组,并将同期入住该病房的非脓毒症患儿172例作为对照组.所有入选患儿住院后进行儿童危重病例评分及感染相关性器官功能衰竭评分,采集血标本动态检测PCT,同时检测C-反应蛋白(CRP)、WBC计数、中性粒细胞比例.结果 脓毒症组及非脓毒症组PCT平均值分别为(21.31±18.27) ng/ml、(4.35 ±2.63) ng/ml,脓毒症组PCT较非脓毒症组明显增高(t=4.744,P＜0.05).脓毒症患儿PCT、CRP及WBC的ROC曲线下面积分别为:0.737(95％可信区间:0.633 ～0.840)、0.704(95％可信区间:0.610～0.799)、0.666(95％可信区间:0.554～0.778),PCT诊断严重脓毒症时的最佳临界值为10 ng/ml,此时敏感度为80.2％,特异度为82.6％.细菌感染所致脓毒症抗生素治疗第5天,临床症状好转、体温下降时,血清PCT迅速回落,而CRP、WBC在细菌感染被控制后仍维持在高水平,其回落速度慢于血清PCT.死亡组PCT水平呈持续上升趋势,PCT水平与小儿危重病例评分呈负相关(r=-0.621,P＜0.05)、与感染相关性器官功能衰竭评分呈正相关(r =0.755,P＜0.01).结论 PCT是诊断严重脓毒症及细菌性脓毒症价值较高的指标,动态监测脓毒症患儿PCT变化趋势有助于患儿疴情变化的判断,为临床医师评估病情转归提供客观依据.     

新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病血清电解质和渗透压改变

目的　探讨轻、中、重度缺氧缺血性脑病 (HIE)新生儿血电解质和渗透压等的变化及其相关性。方法　分析比较 12 0例不同程度的HIE新生儿和 32例正常新生儿的血清钠、钾、氯、游离钙及渗透压。结果　轻、中和重度HIE儿的血清钠分别为 (130 .2± 6 .0 )mmol/L ;(12 6 .3± 9.1)mmol/L ;(12 1.2± 12 .2 )mmol/L ;游离钙分别为 (1.0± 0 .2 )mmol/L ;(0 .9± 0 .2 )mmol/L ;(0 .8± 0 .2 )mmol/L和渗透压分别为 (2 5 6 .7± 11.2 )mOsm/L ;(2 48.7± 2 1.3)mOsm/L ;(2 41.1± 2 2 .2 )mOsm/L均低于正常儿 (136 .1± 1.1)mmol/L ;(1.2± 0 .1)mmol/L ;(2 6 2 .6± 8.8)mOsm/L ,而血清钾水平高于正常儿。轻度HIE患儿的血清氯水平与正常儿无差异 ,中和重度HIE儿的血清氯水平则低于正常儿 ;中度与重度HIE儿的血清钠、游离钙、氯和渗透压无显著差异 ,但均明显低于轻度HIE儿。轻、中和重度HIE儿的血清钾水平无明显差异 ;死亡的HIE儿血清钠和游离钙低且难以恢复 ,血清渗透压间隙 >10mOsm/L。结论　HIE儿可出现低钠、低钙、高钾和低渗透压血症 ;这些病理状态与预后有关。     

降钙素原在小儿脓毒症中的应用

脓毒症是目前小儿重症监护病房面临的棘手难题,特别是由其诱发的脓毒性休克和多器官功能障碍综合征,已成为危重患儿主要的死亡原因,病死率高达30％ ～ 70％.降钙素原无疑是目前最好的脓毒症诊断指标.该文就降钙素原在小儿脓毒症中的应用作一综述.     

中性粒细胞CD64和降钙素原联合检测在新生儿细菌感染早期诊断中的价值

目的探讨血清中性粒细胞CD64和降钙素原(PCT)联合检测在新生儿细菌感染早期诊断中的价值。方法将37例细菌感染新生儿依据出院诊断分为败血症组(n=15)和一般感染组(非败血症患儿;n=22);并选取同期住院非感染新生儿作为对照组(n=21)。各组新生儿均于入院后即刻抽取静脉血,采用流式细胞术检测血清中性粒细胞CD64表达,化学发光法和免疫透射比浊法分别检测血清PCT及CRP水平。结果败血症组血清中性粒细胞CD64、PCT、CRP水平高于对照组(P0.01);一般感染组中性粒细胞CD64水平高于对照组(P0.01);败血症组血清PCT、CRP水平高于一般感染组(P0.01)。中性粒细胞CD64、PCT、CRP诊断细菌感染的曲线下面积分别为0.818、0.818、0.704,均低于中性粒细胞CD64与PCT联合诊断细菌感染的曲线下面积(0.926)。中性粒细胞CD64与PCT联合检测在早期诊断新生儿感染的灵敏度和准确度分别为97.29%和89.65%,较CRP联合中性粒细胞CD64或PCT检测的灵敏度和准确度均高,较中性粒细胞CD64、PCT及CRP单项检测的灵敏度和准确度更高。结论中性粒细胞CD64、PCT联合检测能显著提高新生儿细菌感染诊断的灵敏度及准确度,有助于早期识别细菌感染。     

The Role of IL-6 for Predicting Neonatal Sepsis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Objective

Neonatal sepsis (NS) is a common and life-threatening disorder in infants. Previous studies showed that interleukin-6 (IL-6) may be a valid non-invasive and rapid method for diagnosis of NS. We conducted this review to assess the validity of IL-6 for predicting NS.

Methods

This was a systematic review with meta-analysis. Embase, Medline and Web of Science databases were searched between January 1990 and December 2009. The search terms used were “cytokine”, “neonate”, “sepsis” and “interleukin-6". We used standard methods recommended for meta analyses of diagnostic test evaluations. The analysis was based on a summary ROC (SROC) curve. Meta-regression analysis was used to assess the effects of some confounding factors on the results of meta-analysis. Potential presence of publication bias was tested using funnel plots and the Egger test.

Findings

Meta-analysis was performed on 13 publications including 353 infants with sepsis and 691 control infants. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of IL-6 was 0.79 and 0.84, respectively. The maximum joint sensitivity and specificity (i.e., the Q value) in SROC curve was 0.82 and the area under curve (AUC) was 0.89 (95% CI: 0.84-0.94). Meta-regression analysis showed that the diagnostic accuracy of IL-6 was not affected by confounding variables. The evaluation of publication bias showed that the Egger test was not significant (P=0.07).

Conclusion

IL-6 seems to be a valid marker for predicting NS. It may be considered for early diagnosis of sepsis in neonatal care units.     

新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病血浆D-二聚体的动态观察

目的　探讨D -二聚体在新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病 (HIE)中的变化和临床意义。方法　采用胶乳凝集法测定 40例HIE患儿和 2 0例健康对照新生儿急性期和恢复期血中D -二聚体水平 ,同时观察了全身炎症反应综合征 (SIRS)的发生率。结果　HIE急性期患儿的D -二聚体水平明显高于恢复期 (3 .5 0± 0 .2 0 )mg/L对 (0 .42± 0 .0 4)mg/L ;(8.2 0± 0 .35 )mg/L对 (3 .0 0± 0 .2 0 )mg/L (P <0 .0 1) ,也明显高于正常对照 (P <0 .0 1)。中、重度明显高于轻度和对照 (0 .2 6± 0 .0 3)mg/L (P <0 .0 1) ,轻度与对照无明显差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。D -二聚体水平与SIRS的发生率呈正相关 (r =0 .987)。结论　D -二聚体在HIE的病理过程中起重要的作用 ,可作为快速诊断、判断预后、治疗效果的参考指标