乙肝疫苗免疫后远期流行病学保护效果的研究

目的进一步了解学龄儿童乙肝病毒的感染率和小学生的乙肝疫苗接种率、抗-HBs阳性率和HBsAg阳性率，抗体滴度及保护效果。方法观察小学1-6年级小学生，年龄范围在7—13周岁之间，辖区内部分中学生，检测HBsAg、抗-HBs，用固相放免方法检测。在有效期内严格接操作说明书进行检测及判断结果。判定：S／N≥2．1；以≥10mIU／ml为阳性。采用x^2检验的统计学检验分析。结果乙肝疫苗接种率，市区小学生高于郊区学生（x^2=54．58，P〈0．01），HBsAg的阳性率呈下降趋势，检测到的1134名小学生中，抗-HBs阳性率平均在89．2％．HBsAg阳性率，城区小学生低于郊区学生（x^2=18.35，P〈0．01），且均随乙肝疫苗接种率的增高而下降。市区学生HBsAg阳性率2．65％；郊区学生HBsAg阳性率2．76％，差异无显著意义（x^2=1．35，P〉0．05）．近期加强接种了重组乙肝疫苗的中学生，抗HBs-抗体阳性率97．7％。结论随着乙肝疫苗接种率和抗-HBs阳性率的增高，HBsAg阳性率呈下降趋势。在乙肝高发区．尽管推行了乙肝疫苗全程免疫规划，但从长远的免疫篆略考虑，有必要制定加强免疫计划。     

石家庄市桥东区12 116例小学生乙肝表面抗原及表面抗体检测结果分析

目的：了解石家庄市桥东区1-6年级小学生乙肝表面抗原和表面抗体阳性率情况，为乙肝疫苗加强免疫提供依据。方法：用酶联免疫法（ELISA）检测HBsAg、抗-HBs.结果：共检测1-6年级学生12116人，其中HBsAg阳性人数46人，阳性率为0.38%;HBsAg阴性的12070名学生中，抗-HBs阳性人数5613人，总阳性率46.50%。为进一步了解不同年龄组、不同性别的儿童抗体阳性率情况，经X^2检验，男女儿童抗体阳性率差异对比X^2=0.87,P＞0.05，差别无统计学意义。6-9岁组与10-11岁组儿童抗体阳性率差异对比X^2=28.30,P＜0.005,差别有统计学意义。结论：乙肝疫苗接种率有待继续提高。应根据抗-HBs检测结果，及时给予乙肝疫苗补种和加强。     

台山市城区中小学生乙型肝炎流行状况分析

目的 了解台山市台城地区中、小学生HBsAg和抗-HBs阳性率的分布现状，为制订和评价防制措施提供科学依据。方法用酶联免疫方法，检测血清HBsAg和抗-HBs，对台山市台城地区17间中、小学在学校学生进行血清学检测。并对HBsAg和抗-HBs分布特征进行分析。结果共调查在校7-18岁学生5854名，HBsAg总阳性率4．85％。不同年龄组HBsAg阳性差异有统计学意义（x^2=131．42，P〈0．05）；其中17岁的年龄组HBsAg阳性率为最高（11．82％）。8岁的年龄组HBsAg阳性率最低（1．03％）；随着年龄的增加HBsAg阳性也不断升高（但18岁年龄组除外）。抗-HBs总阳性率59．5％，不同年龄组抗-HBs水平差异有统计学意义（x^2=322．17，P〈0．01）。结论台山市自1992年乙肝疫苗纳入计划免疫统一管理以来，学生的抗-HBs水平不断升高，而HBsAg阳性率不断降低，尤其对低年龄段学生效果尤为明显，大大地提高了学生对乙肝的免疫水平。     

邹城市3～7岁儿童乙肝感染状况及疫苗免疫效果分析

目的 了解邹城市3～7岁儿童乙肝感染情况及乙肝疫苗免疫效果。方法 对来邹城市卫生防疫站门诊接种疫苗和预防检测的3～7岁儿童进行问卷调查和采集静脉血，应用ELISA法检测乙肝五项指标。对抗-HBs阴性者进行5μg疫苗加强免疫1～3针，免疫后三个月进行抗-HBs检测。结果 邹城市3～7岁儿童出生后按0、1、6月程序接种乙肝65．42％。各年龄组HBsAg阳性率、抗HBc阳性率差异无显著性，抗一HBs阳性率差异有显著性。对479名儿童进行加强免疫，加免后总的抗体阳转率为87．89％，加强1针与多针抗体阳转率差异无显著性。结论 邹城市3～7岁儿童乙肝疫苗按程序接种率较高、免疫效果良好，乙肝疫苗可以有效阻断乙肝传播，对抗-HBs阴性儿童只需加强接种乙肝疫苗5μg即可得到良好的免疫效果。     

2005年东营市中、小学生乙肝标记物状况调查

目的 了解东营市市区中、小学生乙肝标记物状况。方法 采用酶联免疫吸附法对东营市2所中学和2所小学的3250名学生的血清检测乙肝表面抗原及抗体。在检测的同时，采用问卷方式调查学生乙肝疫苗的接种情况。结果 检测的3250名学生中，乙肝表面抗原阳性率为2．55％，其中中学生的阳性率为3．48％，小学生为1，43％，中学生明显高于小学生。乙肝抗体阳性率为70．98％，其中中学生的阳性率为65．00％，小学生为78．23％，小学生明显高于中学生。接种乙肝疫苗的阳性率为73．14％，其中小学生为81．63％，中学生的阳性率为66，12％，小学生明显高于中学生。结论 东营市市区中、小学生乙肝感染率比正常人群低，但中学生比小学生感染率偏高，乙肝疫苗接种率和抗体产生率比小学生偏低，应引起家长、学校以及社会各界的重视。     

邹城市小学生接种乙肝疫苗情况和免疫效果观察

目的 了解邹城市小学生接种乙肝疫苗情况及血清免疫效果.方法 对来邹城市卫生防疫站门诊接种疫苗和预防检测的小学生进行问卷调查和采集静脉血,应用ELISA法检测乙肝五项指标,对抗-HBs阴性者进行5ug加强免疫1-3针,免疫后一至三个月进行抗-HBs检测.结果 邹城市小学生出生后接种乙肝疫苗3支以上者占90.15%;HBsAg阳性率为2.16%;抗-HBc阳性率为21.72%;抗-HBs阳性率为54.98%.各年龄组HBsAg阳性率、抗-HBc阳性率差异无显著性,抗-HBs阳性率随年龄增高有下降趋势差异有显著性,对786名小学生进行加强免疫,加免后总的抗体阳转率为87.89%,加强1针与多针抗体阳转率差异无显著性,乙肝疫苗接种率乡镇低于城区,HBsAg阳性率高于城区.结论 邹城市小学生乙肝疫苗按程序接种率较高、免疫效果良好,乙肝疫苗可以有效的阻断乙肝传播,对抗-HBs阴性儿童只需加强接种乙肝疫苗5ug即可得到良好的免疫效果,同时加强农村疫苗接种工作的指导.     

高职院校女生乙型肝炎疫苗接种情况调查及乙型肝炎表面抗原、抗体检测结果分析

目的：作为省级科研课题《高职院校女学生经前期紧张综合征的心理干预研究》的子课题,对高职院校女生乙肝疫苗接种及乙肝携带情况进行研究,为预防乙肝提供参考。方法：对某职业技术学院2008年9月在校女生5170人进行乙肝疫苗接种情况的问卷调查,同时用ELISA法检测每个女生的血清HBsAg和抗-HBs,并对结果进行统计学分析。结果：5170名女生中3722人接种过乙肝疫苗,占72％。城市学生接种率高于农村学生接种率（P〈0．05）。HBsAg阳性121人,阳性率2．34％;农村学生HBsAg阳性率3．29％,城市学生为0．68％,农村学生HBsAg阳性率高于城市学生（P〈0．05）。抗-HBs阳性3845人,阳性率为74．37％;城市学生抗-HBs阳性率92．8％,农村学生64％,城市学生抗-HBs阳性率高于农村学生（P〈0．05）。乙肝疫苗接种与抗-HBs阳性之间存在正关联。结论：高职校女生仍须注意乙肝预防;抗-HBs阴性者为重点预防对象（农村生源女生尤应注意）;接种乙肝疫苗为有效预防手段。     

宾阳县刘村自然人群乙肝血清流行病学调查结果分析

目的了解广西宾阳县自然人群乙型病毒性肝炎流行状况,为乙肝防控提供科学依据。方法对宾阳县刘村常住人口958人随机开展问卷调查,采集静脉血进行乙肝血清学实验室检测。结果HBsAg阳性率6．68％,抗-HBs阳性率55．43％,HBeAg阳性率1．15％,抗-HBe阳性率12．11％,抗-HBc阳性率46．56％;男女性别之间HBsAg与抗-HBs阳性率差异无统计学意义;HBsAg、抗-HBs、抗-HBe、HBeAg阳性率及ALT异常率标志物均随年龄增长而逐渐升高,后又逐渐下降;乙肝标志物五项全阴占29．33％。结论宾阳县刘村自然人群免疫不成功与未免疫人群之和占29％,乙肝感染状况仍然很高。接种乙肝疫苗是控制人群HBV感染的有效措施,加强传染源管理,做好新生儿乙肝疫苗接种、高危人群扩大免疫,才能有效控制乙肝流行。     

湛江市儿童乙肝疫苗免疫效果及持久性分析

目的 探讨乙肝疫苗对儿童的免疫效果及持久时间。方法 对湛江市12间幼儿园1996年出生的全程接种乙肝疫苗的儿童，从3岁起监测抗-HBs，一直监测到6岁。结果 全程接种乙肝疫苗的儿童抗-HBs阳性率较高，随着儿童年龄的增长。抗-HBs阳性率也随着下降，从3岁时的96．5％下降到6岁时的61．4％。结论 全程接种乙肝疫苗的儿童抗-HBs阳性率会随着儿童年龄的增长而下降；从3岁时开始，每年检测一次抗-HBs，抗-HBs水平低于保护性以下时，应按3针法加强接种。     

1822例儿童乙肝5项指标检测结果分析

目的了解乙肝疫苗接种后儿童乙肝免疫水平和感染情况。方法用ELISA方法检测3～12岁儿童乙肝5项指标。结果HBsAg阳性率为4.0%,抗-HBs阳性率为59.9%,HBeAg阳性率为2.2%,抗-HBe阳性率为1.8%,抗-HBc阳性率为1.8%。结论抗-HBs随年龄增长阳性率呈逐渐下降趋势,其它4项指标均随年龄增长阳性率呈上升趋势,提示加强乙肝疫苗接种工作,提高接种率和完成3针接种,对易感人群实施计划免疫监测和疫苗补种,提高人群免疫水平。     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.