选择性肝动脉化疗药物灌注及栓塞治疗肝转移癌

目的 探讨选择性肝动脉化疗药物灌注及栓塞治疗肝转移癌的价值。材料与方法对122例失去手术机会的肝转移癌患者，采用经股动脉穿刺，选择性肝动脉插管灌注化疗药物(ADM，MMC，CDDP，5-FU)，并用ADM及碘化油乳化后检塞肝动脉。结果近期疗效以CT检查结果作为评价标准，总有效率为54％(66／122)，平均生存期22．2个月。0．5、1、2、3年生存率分别是98．3％、80．4％、40．9％、10．6％。结论经肝动脉化疗药物灌注及栓塞治疗是失去手术机会的肝转移癌患者的一种安全、有效的姑息性治疗方法，其不仅能提高疗效，而且能改善患者的生活质量。     

经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗结直肠癌肝转移瘤

目的　总结经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗结直肠癌肝转移瘤的效果。方法　 42例结直肠癌肝转移者 ,其中单纯灌注化疗 14例 ,化疗栓塞 2 8例。经肝动脉灌注化疗药物 ,碘油药物乳剂和明胶海绵栓塞。结果　完全缓解 (CR) 2例 (4 .8% ) ,部分缓解 (PR) 2 0例 (4 7.6 % ) ,无变化 (NC) 18例(4 2 .9% ) ,进展 (PD) 2例 (4 .8% ) ,有效率 (CR PR) 5 2 .4% (2 2 / 42 )。平均生存期为 16 .4个月。 0 .5、1和 2年的生存率分别为 90 .5 %、6 6 .7%和 2 3.8%。结论　经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗结直肠癌肝转移是一种有效的方法     

肝动脉内持续灌注治疗结直肠癌术后肝转移瘤

目的：探讨5－氟尿嘧啶（5－Fu)／甲酰四氢叶酸钙（CF）经肝动脉持续性灌注治疗结直肠癌肝转移的临床疗效。方法：62例无外科手术指征的结直肠癌肝转移患者，其原发病灶均已作根除术，依据肝动脉内化疗方式不同分为2组：A组32例，采取经皮肝动脉内植入药盒，术后经药盒每个月连续5d持续灌注5－Fu／CF及地塞米松；B组30例，采取每个月1次肝动脉插管大剂量灌注5－Fu/CF。结果：A，B组有效率（完全缓解＋部分缓解）分别为50．0％和23．3％（P＜0．05）。A组1年，2年生率分别为65．6%，39．3％，B组分别为36．7％，11．5％（P＜0．05）。A组1年，2年生存率分别为65．6％，39．3％，B组分别为36．7％，11．5％（P＜0．05）。A组生存质量明显改善，肝，胆，胃十二指肠毒性均较B组低。结论：经药盒肝动脉持续性灌注5－Fu/CF并配合地塞米松治疗结直肠癌肝转移可明显改善患者生存质量，提高生存率。     

动脉热灌注化疗联合超选择栓塞治疗不可切除结直肠癌肝转移的临床研究

目的：研究动脉热灌注化疗联合超选择栓塞治疗不可切除结直肠癌肝转移的效果。 方法：选取2014年1月—2016年7月我科诊治的39例结直肠癌肝转移患者,分为2组,研究组（22例）在肠系膜上动脉、肝固有动脉以51℃灌注化疗1 h,然后超选择至肝脏病灶的供血动脉,进行化疗栓塞。对照组（17例）接受传统的肝动脉化疗栓塞（TACE）治疗。比较2组的客观有效率、临床获益率及1年生存率。同时记录并比较两组的不良反应。 结果：两组的客观有效率无统计学差异（27.3% vs. 23.5%,P>0.05）,临床获益率也无统计学差异（81.8% vs. 76.5%,P>0.05）。但研究组的1年生存率显著高于对照组（63.2% vs. 46.7%,P<0.05）。两组都未出现血管痉挛、闭塞等特殊并发症。 结论：动脉热灌注化疗联合超选择栓塞治疗不可切除结直肠癌肝转移的远期效果优于传统TACE。     

肝转移瘤动脉栓塞化疗69例

肝脏是转移瘤最常见的好发部位，治疗与控制肝脏转移瘤的发生发展可以有效地延长患者的生存时间。70年代后期国内外广泛开展的动脉栓塞化疗治疗肝肿瘤的效果已得到公认。近年国内主要报道了对原发肝癌的治疗经验。本文就肝转移瘤的动脉栓塞化疗进行探讨。     

肝动脉热化疗及热碘油栓塞治疗结肠直肠癌肝转移

目的评价肝动脉热化疗及热碘油栓塞治疗结肠直肠癌肝转移瘤的效果。方法68例结肠直肠癌肝转移瘤患者分为2组,采用肝动脉热化疗及热碘油栓塞治疗的34例作为热疗组,采用常温动脉化疗及碘油栓塞治疗的34例作为常规组。结果热疗组有效率为65％（22／34）,常规组有效率为32％（11／34）,两组间差异有统计学意义。两组术后肝功能变化差异无统计学意义。6、12、18和24个月生存率热疗组分别为100％、82％、44％和18％,常规组分别为91％、47％、15％和6％。结论肝动脉热化疗及热碘油栓塞治疗结肠直肠癌肝转移是一种有效的方法,而对肝功能无明显的损害。     

直肠上动脉化疗栓塞术治疗直肠癌肝转移17例

目的 探讨直肠上动脉化疗栓塞术治疗肝转移直肠癌的安全性及疗效.方法 对合并肝转移直肠癌17例患者行TACE后再进行直肠上动脉化疗栓塞术,经3F微导管超选择进入直肠上动脉后灌注5-Fu和草酸铂,再注入伊立替康和Lipiodol乳化栓塞剂.结果 17例患者治疗均获得成功,术后2～7d16例患者解黏液脓血便明显增加,有些患者可见明显坏死组织.3例腹痛患者2例在术后3d腹痛消失,1例5d消失.1周时有5例肛门胀痛消失,2例明显的改善.1周时7例患者里急后重感明显改善,4例改善不明显.长期随访未发现肠穿孔、局部感染患者.结论 直肠上动脉化疗栓塞术治疗合并肝转移直肠痛是安全有效的,其快速促进直肠肿瘤坏死的作用可以作为直肠癌综合治疗手段的一个重要组成部分.     

经动脉灌注化疗或栓塞治疗恶性胰岛素瘤肝转移

目的 探讨经动脉灌注化疗或栓塞治疗恶性胰岛素瘤肝转移的临床效果.方法 对9例恶性胰岛素瘤肝转移患者,采用5-FU、表阿霉素、丝裂霉素C和IL-2的化疗方案进行经导管动脉灌注化疗,2例患者还接受了肝动脉化疗栓塞,共2～8个疗程.结果 所有患者均顺利完成介入治疗,无严重并发症.治疗后临床症状消失或明显改善,显效2例、有效7例;影像学疗效评价显效1例、有效7例、无效1例.结论 经动脉灌注化疗或栓塞治疗恶性胰岛素瘤肝转移安全有效.     

经门静脉栓塞化疗术与经肝动脉化疗栓塞术治疗结直肠癌肝转移瘤临床效果比较

目的：研究经门静脉栓塞化疗术（PVCE）治疗结直肠癌肝转移瘤的疗效、生存期及并发症。 方法：80例明确诊断的结直肠癌肝转移瘤患者,分成两组,PVCE组40例,行PVCE术。另外40例行经肝动脉化疗栓塞术（TACE组）。 结果：PVCE组临床有效率为82.5%,高于TACE组的55.0%,差异有统计学意义。PVCE组40例患者6、12、24个月的生存率分别为：92.5%、62.5%及40.0%,TACE组40例患者6、12、24个月的生存率分别为75.0%、52.5%及22.5%。PVCE组生存情况优于TACE组。 结论：经门静脉介入治疗结直肠癌肝转移瘤疗效确切,生存期优于经肝动脉介入治疗。     

选择性肝动脉灌注化疗及栓塞治疗原发性巨块型肝癌

原发性肝癌是临床常见的恶性肿瘤,恶性程度极高且进展迅速,发现时多属中、晚期。我们对19例原发性巨块型肝癌施行37次灌注化疗及栓塞(TACE),现总结如下。资料与方法本组19例,男15例,女4例,年龄33～77岁,平均54岁。其中 HBsAg 阳性9例,HCV 阳性3例,HBsAg 与 HCV 均阳性1例。全部病例均做胎甲球蛋白测定其值为29～400ng/ml。均做 B 超,CT,肿瘤位于肝右叶12例,肝左叶     

Early Detection of Therapeutic Response to Hepatic Arterial Infusion Chemotherapy of Liver Metastases from Colorectal Cancer Using Diffusion-Weighted MR Imaging

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) is useful for early detection of the response of hepatic colorectal metastases to hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). The subjects were 12 patients with hepatic colorectal metastases. The indwelling catheter for HAIC was placed in the hepatic artery, and 1000 mg/m² 5-FU was given repeatedly once a week. DWI was performed before and 9 days after HAIC. The minimum and mean apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values (minADC and meanADC) were measured. The relative change in ADC values (%ADC) and the relative change in tumor size on follow-up CT after 3 months (reduction ratio) were determined. Liver metastases were divided into two groups, responder and nonresponder. The correlation between %ADC and reduction ratio was determined, and %ADC was compared between the two groups. Eleven patients successfully completed HAIC over the 3-month period; 48 metastatic lesions were evaluated. Positive correlations were observed for relative change between %minADC and reduction ratio (r = 0.709) and between %meanADC and reduction ratio (r = 0.536). Both %minADC and %meanADC were significantly greater in the responder group than in the nonresponder group. With the threshold determined as < 3.5%, the receiver-operating curve analysis showed higher sensitivity and specificity values for %minADC (100% and 92.6%, respectively) than for %meanADC (66.7% and 74.1%, respectively). In conclusion, the relative change in minimum ADC values on DWI may be useful for early detection of the response of liver metastases to HAIC with 5-FU.     

Hepatic Arterial Infusion Chemotherapy Using Fluorouracil Followed by Systemic Therapy Using Oxaliplatin Plus Fluorouracil and Leucovorin for Patients with Unresectable Liver Metastases from Colorectal Cancer

The purpose of this study was to assess retrospectively the sequential treatment of hepatic arterial infusion (HAI) chemotherapy followed by systemic therapy using oxaliplatin plus 5-flourouracil (5-FU) and leucovorin, namely, FOLFOX, for patients with liver metastases from colorectal cancer. We reviewed 20 patients with unresectable liver metastases from colorectal cancer. Patients were initially treated with HAI chemotherapy until disease progression (5-fluorouracil, 1000 mg/m² intra-arterial infusion, weekly) and then with FOLFOX thereafter (FOLFOX4, n = 13; modified FOLFOX6, n = 7). Adverse events, tumor response, and time to progression for each therapy were evaluated retrospectively, and overall survival was estimated. Toxicity of HAI chemotherapy was generally mild. Of 20 patients, adverse events leading to treatment discontinuation occurred in only 1 patient (5%) during initial therapy using HAI chemotherapy, while 9 patients (45%) exhibited adverse events during subsequent FOLFOX therapy. For HAI chemotherapy and FOLFOX, objective response rates were 85.0% and 35.0%, respectively, and median time to progression was 11.6 and 5.1 months, respectively. Median overall survival was 30.1 months. In conclusion, the sequence of HAI chemotherapy followed by FOLFOX is a promising treatment strategy for the long-term use of active chemotherapeutic agents, leading to a superior tumor response and fewer toxic effects in patients with unresectable liver metastases from colorectal cancer.     

Hepatic Arterial Infusion Chemotherapy through a Port-Catheter System as Preoperative Initial Therapy in Patients with Advanced Liver Dysfunction due to Synchronous and Unresectable Liver Metastases from Colorectal Cancer

Purpose We retrospectively evaluated the safety and efficacy of preoperative initial hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) through a port-catheter system in patients with liver dysfunction due to synchronous and unresectable liver metastases. The aim of HAIC was to improve patients’ clinical condition for later surgical removal of primary colorectal cancer. Methods Port-catheter systems were placed radiologically in 21 patients (mean age 58.6 ± 8.1 years) with liver dysfunction due to synchronous liver metastases from colorectal cancer. Initial HAIC of 1,000 mg/m² 5-fluorouracil was administered weekly as a 5 hr continuous infusion through this system. Surgical removal of the primary lesion was planned after HAIC improved the liver function. Results Port-catheter system placement was successful in all patients without severe complications. Patients were followed up for a median of 309 days (range 51–998 days). After starting HAIC, no severe adverse events that caused drug loss and treatment postponement or suspension were observed in any of the patients. HAIC was performed a mean of 4.5 ± 3.0 times and the liver function improved in all patients. Curative (n = 18) or palliative (n = 1) surgical removal of the primary lesion was performed. The remaining 2 patients died because extrahepatic metastases developed and their performance status worsened; thus, surgery could not be performed. The median survival times of all patients and the operated patients were 309 and 386 days, respectively. Conclusion Initial HAIC administration is a safe and efficacious method for improving liver function prior to operative resection of primary colorectal cancer in patients with liver dysfunction due to synchronous and unresectable liver metastases.     

Hepatic Arterial Infusion Chemotherapy Combined with Venous Embolization in a Patient with Hepatic Metastases with an Arteriovenous Shunt

We describe herein a patient who had hepatic metastases with an arteriovenous shunt and was treated by hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy. The arteriovenous shunt was diagnosed by ^99mTc-macroaggregated albumin scintigraphy and hepatic venous embolization was performed to reduce shunt flow.     

Retrospective Review of Efficacy of Radiofrequency Ablation for Treatment of Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastases From a Canadian Perspective

Purpose

A retrospective single-center review of ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation (RFA) treatment of colorectal cancer liver metastases was performed. This study reviews the primary and secondary technical effectiveness, overall survival of patients, recurrence-free survival, tumour-free survival, rates of local recurrence, and postprocedural RFA complications. Technical effectiveness and rates of complication with respect to tumour location and size were evaluated. Our results were compared with similar studies from Europe and North America.

Methods

A total of 63 patients (109 tumours) treated with RFA between February 2004 and December 2009 were reviewed. Average and median follow-up time was 19.4 and 16.5 months, respectively (range, 1–54 months). Data from patient charts, pathology, and Picture Archiving and Communication System was integrated into an Excel database. Statistical Analysis Software was used for statistical analysis.

Results

Primary and secondary technical effectiveness of percutaneous and intraoperative RFA were 90.8% and 92.7%, respectively. Average (SE) tumour-free survival was 14.4 ± 1.4 months (range, 1–43 months), and average (SE) recurrence-free survival was 33.5 ± 2.3 months (range, 2–50 months). Local recurrence was seen in 31.2% of treated tumours (range, 2–50 months) (34/109). Overall survival was 89.4% at 1 year, 70.0% at 2 years, and 38.1% at 3 years, with an average (SE) overall survival of 37.0 ± 2.8 months. There were 14 postprocedural complications. There was no statistically significant difference in technical effectiveness for small tumours (1–2 cm) vs intermediate ones (3–5 cm). There was no difference in technical effectiveness for peripheral vs parenchymal tumours.

Conclusions

This study demonstrated good-quality outcomes for RFA treatment of colorectal cancer liver metastases from a Canadian perspective and compared favorably with published studies.     

Hepatic Arterial Embolization and Chemoembolization in the Management of Patients with Large-Volume Liver Metastases

The purpose of this study was to assess the role of hepatic arterial embolization (HAE) and chemoembolization (HACE) in patients with large-volume liver metastases. Patients with metastatic neuroendocrine tumors, melanomas, or gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) with >75% liver involvement who underwent HAE or HACE were included in the study. Radiologic response, progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and postprocedure complications were assessed. Sixty patients underwent 123 treatment sessions. Of the 48 patients for whom follow-up imaging was available, partial response was seen in 12 (25%) patients, minimal response in 6 (12%), stable disease in 22 (46%), and progressive disease in 8 (17%). Median OS and PFS were 9.3 and 4.9 months, respectively. Treatment resulted in radiologic response or disease stabilization in 82% and symptomatic response in 65% of patients with neuroendocrine tumors. Patients with neuroendocrine tumors had higher response rates (44% vs. 27% and 0%; p = 0.31) and longer PFS (9.2 vs. 2.0 and 2.3 months; p < 0.0001) and OS (17.9 vs. 2.4 and 2.3 months; p < 0.0001) compared to patients with melanomas and GISTs. Major complications occurred in 21 patients after 23 (19%) of the 123 sessions. Nine of the 12 patients who developed major complications resulting in death had additional risk factors—carcinoid heart disease, sepsis, rapidly worsening performance status, or anasarca. In conclusion, in patients with neuroendocrine tumors with >75% liver involvement, HAE/HACE resulted in symptom palliation and radiologic response or disease stabilization in the majority of patients. Patients with hepatic metastases from melanomas and GISTs, however, did not show any appreciable benefit from this procedure. Patients with massive liver tumor burden, who have additional risk factors, should not be subjected to HAE/HACE because of the high risk of procedure-related mortality.     

灌注性肝动脉造影诊断肝癌（附40例报告）

对４０例肝肿瘤病人行灌注性肝动脉造影，结果诊断为原发性肝癌者３６例，转移性肝癌３例，１例因照片未显示肿块而漏诊，确诊率９７．５％（３９／４０）。造影显示＜２ｃｍ者３例，显示出最小结节约０．４ｃｍ。作者强调，导管插入肝动脉，通过缓慢持续注入造影剂等是造影成功的技术关键。同时认为，造影对肝癌的诊断（包括肿块的位置、大小、数目）以及决定治疗方案有着重要的价值，尤其对小于２ｃｍ的肿块显示意义更大，明显优于常规肝动脉造影。     

Radiofrequency Ablation of Colorectal Liver Metastases: Small Size Favorably Predicts Technique Effectiveness and Survival

The objective of this study was to analyze long-term results of radiofrequency thermal ablation (RFA) for colorectal metastases (MTS), in order to evaluate predictors for adverse events, technique effectiveness, and survival. One hundred ninety-nine nonresectable MTS (0.5–8 cm; mean, 2.9 cm) in 122 patients underwent a total of 166 RFA sessions, percutaneously or during surgery. The technique was “simple” or “combined” with vascular occlusion. The mean follow-up time was 24.2 months. Complications, technique effectiveness, and survival rates were statistically analyzed. Adverse events occurred in 8.1% of lesions (major complication rate: 1.1%), 7.1% with simple and 16.7% with combined technique (p = 0.15). Early complete response was obtained in 151 lesions (81.2%), but 49 lesions (26.3%) recurred locally after a mean of 10.4 months. Sustained complete ablation was achieved in 66.7% of lesions ≤3 cm versus 33.3% of lesions >3 cm (p < 0.0001). Survival rates at 1, 3, and 5 years were 91%, 54%, and 33%, respectively, from the diagnosis of MTS and 79%, 38%, and 22%, respectively, from RFA. Mean survival time from RFA was 31.5 months, 36.2 in patients with main MTS ≤3 cm and 23.2 in those with at least one lesion >3 cm (p = 0.006). We conclude that “simple” RFA is safe and successful for MTS ≤3 cm, contributing to prolong survival when patients can be completely treated. Presented at CIRSE 2006.     

大肠癌术前经导管动脉灌注化疗的临床价值

目的 评价前经导管肠系膜上、下动脉灌注抗癌药物治疗大肠癌的临床价值。材料与方法 病理证实５１例大肠癌术前选择性肠系膜上、下动脉插管灌注抗癌药物１～２次,５～３０天（平均１２１天）后行手术切除,标本送病理切片行组织学疗效观察,病例术后随访。结果 肿瘤组织学疗效有效率９８．０％,临床症状明显改善率９０．２％,手术根治性切除率９２．１％。随访时间３～７５个月,其中随访２４个月以上３２例,随访６０个月以上