应用普通电刀的宫颈锥切术诊治宫颈上皮内瘤变和微小浸润癌的临床观察

背景与目的：高频电波刀电圈切除术和宫颈冷刀锥切术已经广泛应用于宫颈上皮内瘤变（cervical intraepithelial neoplasia，CIN）的诊治中。本研究旨在探讨普通电刀的宫颈锥切术在CIN和微小浸润癌的诊治中的临床应用价值。方法：回顾性分析2004年4月至2006年7月间在我院接受普通电刀的宫颈锥切术的173例患者的临床病理资料。记录手术时间、手术出血量，分析术后病灶残留、手术前后病理符合情况及再次手术情况。结果：173例患者平均年龄37．2岁（23～63岁），绝经3例，未生育者5例。手术中位时间为5min，中位出血量为5ml。锥切标本的病理诊断较阴道镜下活检或宫颈多点活检有降级或升级，各级别病变中手术前后的病理符合率为61．3％（25．0％～72．4％）。在163例术前诊为CIN的患者中，共发现9例微小浸润癌ⅠA1期，3例ⅠA2期。8例术前诊为微小浸润癌ⅠA1期中，3例间质浸润深度超过微小浸润癌范围被诊为局部早期浸润癌ⅠB1期。最后诊为ⅠA1期的14例患者中，1例切缘阳性者再次行锥切术，另有5例行次广泛全子宫切除术。所有ⅠA2期患者和ⅠB1期患者术后接受宫颈癌根治术。最后诊为CIN的151例患者中，3例切缘阳性，其中1例补充行全子宫切除术。2例术前活检阴性者锥切术后被证实为浸润性腺癌，另有3例CIN患者同时合并原位腺癌，术后均予再次手术。结论：应用普通电刀的宫颈锥切术是一种设备简单、手术时间短、出血少，且切净率高的诊治CIN和微小浸润癌的方法。其对宫颈微小浸润癌、局部早期浸润癌和腺癌的诊断率高。锥切术后为早期浸润癌或切缘阳性者，应根据具体情况进一步处理。     

宫颈上皮内瘤变315例手术前后病理分析

背景与目的:宫颈上皮内瘤变(cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, CIN)是宫颈癌的癌前期病变.近年来,越来越多的年轻女性被诊断出CIN,如何正确而适度的处理CIN是临床处理的目标.本文通过对宫颈上皮内瘤变患者手术治疗前后病理情况分析,探讨治疗宫颈上皮内瘤变的合理方式.方法:对2004年4月至2006年11月间我院收治的315例行宫颈锥切术或子宫切除术的CIN 患者进行回顾性分析.比较不同手术治疗前后组织病理诊断,并随访治疗后复发情况.结果:315例患者中,232例(73.65%)行锥切治疗,26例(8.25%)行全子宫切除,57例(18.1%)行次广泛子宫切除.232例锥切治疗患者,术后病理转阴22例,级别升高36例,其中浸润癌20例.锥切术后继续手术治疗15例,其中5例证实有病灶残留.在子宫切除的83例患者中,病理阴性4例,微早浸润癌ⅠA1期3例,浸润癌1B1期4例,该4例接受再次手术或放射治疗.214例锥切为最终治疗,术后未再治疗的CIN患者中,随访中发现5例(2.4%)再次出现宫颈病变.结论:宫颈锥切是一种能准确诊断宫颈病变并能较好治疗CIN的方法.建议对于CIN患者应尽量先行宫颈锥切,根据锥切后病理情况及患者对保留生育功能的要求再决定进一步的处理方案.     

宫颈上皮内瘤变锥切术后补充手术的临床分析

目的探讨宫颈上皮内瘤变(CIN)锥切术后切缘阳性或病理升级患者补充手术的必要性及合适的处理方法。方法回顾性分析2007年1月至2009年1月25例宫颈上皮内瘤变患者经冷刀锥切术(CKC)和宫颈环形电锥切术(LEEP)后再补充手术的临床资料,并将锥切术后的病理与补充手术后的病理进行比较分析。结果 25例行锥切术患者术后病理示切缘阳性5例,病理升级20例。25例均行补充手术,术后病理示13例(52%)无病变,9例(36%)病理降级,3例(12%)与补充手术前病理相符,无1例出现病理升级。结论宫颈锥切术后病理若为浸润癌者需补充手术治疗,切缘阳性者进行个体化治疗,而术后病理升级为更高级别的CIN或宫颈原位癌,可对其进行HPV和细胞学随访而不需补充手术治疗。     

宫颈癌染色体杂合性丢失及HPV感染状态的研究

目的 :研究宫颈癌组织染色体 3p和 10q位点的杂合性丢失 (LOH)与人乳头瘤病毒 (HPV)感染状态及临床病理参数之间的关系。方法 :选择 3p和 10q 6个微卫星位点 ,对 5 2例宫颈浸润癌、33例不典型增生和 12例正常宫颈进行LOH及HPV感染状态分析。结果 :浸润癌中LOH阳性的比例明显高于CIN组及正常宫颈组 ,P <0 0 1;3p的LOH阳性率明显高于 10q ,P <0 0 5 ;Ⅲ和Ⅳ期明显大于Ⅰ和Ⅱ期 ,P <0 0 5 ;LOH阳性率在 3p鳞癌高于腺癌 ,在 10q腺癌高于鳞癌 ,但与组织学类型无关。浸润癌中HPV感染阳性率明显高于CIN组及正常宫颈组 ,P <0 0 5 ;3p的LOH阳性率在HPV感染阳性组明显高于阴性组 ,P <0 0 5。结论 :宫颈癌染色体 3p和 10q的LOH高频区可能存在宫颈癌相关抑癌基因 ,HPV感染与 3p的LOH共同作用在宫颈癌发展过程中更有意义。     

高级别宫颈上皮内瘤变行子宫切除术患者术前病理确诊方式的回顾性分析

目的:通过对比阴道镜下活检病理、宫颈锥切术中冰冻病理与术后石蜡病理（paraffin section examination,PSE）的一致性,对高级别宫颈上皮内瘤变行子宫切除术的术前病理确诊方式进行研究。方法:选取2010年1月至2015年12月阴道镜活检病理为宫颈上皮内瘤变Ⅱ级(CINⅡ)和Ⅲ级(CINⅢ、原位癌)在我院行宫颈锥切术患者共454例,其中依宫颈锥切术中冰冻病理即刻行子宫切除手术治疗患者238例,另外216例为待宫颈锥切术后石蜡病理回报后再次子宫切除手术治疗的患者,对比阴道镜下活检病理、宫颈锥切术中冰冻病理与术后石蜡病理的一致性,以及对比锥切术后石蜡病理与再次子宫切除术后病理的一致性。结果:阴道镜活检与术中冰冻病理诊断的符合率为89.11%（270/303）,CINⅡ为63.33％（38/60）,22例升级为CINⅢ;CINⅢ为95.47%（232/243）,11例升级（9例升级为宫颈癌Ⅰa1期,2例升级为Ⅰb1期）。阴道镜活检与术后石蜡病理诊断的符合率为77.53%(352/454)。CINⅡ为22.99%(20/87),67例升级（57例升级为CINⅢ,8例升级为宫颈癌Ⅰa1期,2例升级为Ⅰa2期）;CINⅢ为 90.46%（332/367）,35例升级（26例升级为宫颈癌Ⅰa1期,7例升级为Ⅰb1期,2例升级为Ⅱa期）。阴道镜活检对宫颈癌的漏诊率总体为9.91％(45／454)。宫颈锥切术中同时送冰冻病理患者303例,宫颈锥切术中冰冻病理与术后石蜡病理诊断的符合率为88.12%(267/303)。CINⅡ为60.00%(36/60),24例升级（18例升级为CINⅢ,5例升级为宫颈癌Ⅰa1期,1例升级为Ⅰa2期）;CINⅢ为95.06%(231/243),12例升级（9例升级为宫颈癌Ⅰa1期,2例升级为Ⅰb1期,1例升级为Ⅱa期）。宫颈锥切术中冰冻病理对宫颈癌的漏诊率总体为5.94%（18/303）。宫颈锥切术中同时送冰冻病理患者303例,宫颈锥切术术中冰冻病理比阴道镜活检病理诊断的符合率高,差异有统计学意义（χ2= 27.68,P﹤0.05）。待宫颈锥切术后石蜡病理回报后再次手术治疗的216例患者中,宫颈锥切术后石蜡病理对高级别宫颈上皮内瘤变及浸润癌诊断的准确率可达99.07％（214/216）。结论:阴道镜活检是初步诊断高级别宫颈上皮内瘤变的一种方法;宫颈锥切术具有诊断与治疗的作用,术中冰冻病理（frozen section examination,FSE）能够提早发现部分微小浸润癌及浸润癌,但是存在一定的误诊和漏诊率。因此,建议对所有无生育要求的高级别宫颈上皮内瘤变患者,应先行宫颈锥切术,待术后石蜡病理回报后再行子宫切除术,以达到规范治疗。     

宫颈病变锥切术后病理切缘阳性患者的处理

背景与目的:宫颈锥切术(包括LEEP刀)已广泛应用于宫颈疾病的诊治中,对锥切术后切缘阳性者如何处理是困扰临床医师的-个难题.本研究就宫颈锥切术后病理切缘阳性患者的处理方式进行探讨.方法:分析1998年-2008年528例宫颈锥切患者中,54例术后病理切缘阳性患者再治疗的临床资料.结果:将54例患者分成随诊组及治疗组,随诊组17例,治疗组37例.随诊组总的病变复发/持续/进展率为17.6%(3/17),治疗组为2.7%(1/37).其中切缘CIN Ⅰ-Ⅱ阳性者治疗组和随诊组均无复发;病理为CINⅢ的随诊组14例患者,1例病变持续存在,1例进展为宫颈鳞癌,治疗组20例均无复发;微小浸润癌切缘阳性治疗组10例中1例术后进展为鳞癌,其余9例术后随诊26个月无复发病例;浸润癌组随诊的患者中有1例复发为浸润性鳞癌,治疗组6例均无复发.结论:锥切病理为CINⅢ且切缘CINⅢ阳性患者应采取个体化治疗;锥切病理为微小浸润癌,切缘CINⅢ性可选择再次锥切或全子宫切除术;切缘微小浸润病灶阳性则应再次锥切或直接按照I B1期处理;锥切病理为浸润癌患者应按浸润癌规范化治疗.     

LEEP术后病理检查与阴道镜宫颈活检对宫颈癌前病变的诊断准确性

目的通过比较LEEP术后病理检查和阴道镜宫颈活检对宫颈癌前病变诊断结果的差异,评价阴道镜宫颈活检诊断宫颈癌前病变的准确性。方法对315例行妇科检查的患者行阴道镜宫颈活检和LEEP手术以及术后病理组织检查。结果阴道镜下宫颈活检与LEEP术后组织病理诊断的总符合率为57.15%(180/315),诊断不足20.95%(66/315),诊断过度21.90%(69/315);CINⅠ级诊断符合率为76.67%(23/30),漏诊CINⅡ/CINⅢ级2例,无原位癌和微小浸润癌漏诊。CINⅡ/CINⅢ级(含原位癌)符合率为56.67%(63/111),漏诊浸润癌33例(33/111)。相关因素对比分析发现,阴道镜活检结果为高级别CIN和细胞学检查结果为HSIL及以上,是阴道镜宫颈活检浸润癌漏诊的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论阴道镜宫颈组织活检存在漏诊宫颈微小浸润癌的风险。阴道镜宫颈组织活检对象如果为高级别CIN患者,则应行LEEP术以达到进一步确诊或排除浸润癌的目的。     

LEEP治疗中老年妇女宫颈上皮内低度瘤样病变36例临床分析

目的:探讨LEEP治疗中老年妇女宫颈上皮内低度瘤样病变(CIN Ⅰ)的临床价值.方法:收集2004年1月至2006年11月来我院子宫颈疾病诊治中心就诊,阴道镜下活检,病理确诊为CIN Ⅰ,自愿行LEEP术治疗的153例病例,将其按年龄段分为中老年组(36例)和青年组(117例)进行临床分析,对比研究阴道镜下多点活检和LEEP术后的病理检查结果.结果:宫颈LEEP术后病理降级为慢性宫颈炎,宫颈湿疣样变的共有56例(占36.60%,其中25%HPV阳性),其中,中老年组为6例,HPV阳性1例;青年组为50例,HPV阳性13例.宫颈LEEP术后病理保持为CIN Ⅰ的有78例(占50.98%,其中53.85%HPV阳性),其中中老年组为21例,HPV阳性11例;青年组为57例,HPV阳性31例.宫颈LEEP术后病理升级的有19例(占12.42%),其中CINⅡ有12例(中老年组为5例,青年组为7例),占7.84%,CIN Ⅲ级以上有7例(中老年组为4例,青年组为3例),占4.58%,其中包括1例原位癌,1例镜下早期浸润癌均在中老年组中.病理升级病例中HPV阳性率为100%.结论:对HPV阳性的中老年妇女CIN Ⅰ患者实施LEEP治疗有重要的临床价值,可以早期发现更高级别的宫颈病变甚至宫颈癌.     

宫颈绒毛管状腺癌3例临床病理特点及文献复习

宫颈绒毛管状乳头状腺癌（ villoglandular papillary adenocar-cinoma,VGPA）又称绒毛管状腺癌（ villoglandular adenocarcino-ma,VGA）1989年由 Young 和 Scully 首次提出［1］,1994年被WHO列为宫颈癌组织病理学类型［2］,是宫颈腺癌的一种亚型。绒毛管状腺癌较少见,现将我院3例宫颈绒毛管状腺癌临床及病理特点总结如下。     

宫颈电刀锥切术诊治宫颈病变133例分析

[目的]探讨宫颈电刀锥切术在诊治宫颈上皮内瘤变（CIN）及早期浸润癌中的临床价值。[方法]回顾性分析133例宫颈病变患者的术后病灶残留、手术前后诊断符合情况及再次治疗情况。[结果]锥切前宫颈活检诊断的准确率为84.21％（112／133）。4例（4／133）患者锥切标本切缘阳性．包括2例原位癌与2例浸润癌，再行子宫切除的标本中，除了1例原位癌以外，其余3例都有残留病灶。锥切术后标本中切缘阴性的129例病例中，9例（包括3例宫颈原位癌、5例Ⅰa1期与1例Ⅰa，期宫颈癌）再行子宫切除术，有1例原位癌和2例Ⅰa，期宫颈早期浸润癌有残留病灶。[结论]宫颈锥切可明确宫颈病变的诊断，避免过度治疗或治疗不足；尽管宫颈锥切已达到CIN与Ⅰa1期宫颈癌的治疗范同，但部分患者宜进一步处理。     

Villoglandular papillary adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix: report of a case

Villoglandular papillary adenocarcinoma is a recently described form of adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix, which apparently affects young women and seems to have a favorable course with an excellent prognosis. We report on a case of villoglandular papillary adenocarcinoma in a 26-year-old woman. The patient was treated by conization alone and is disease free after a 40-month follow-up.     

宫颈胃型腺癌10例临床分析

目的:探讨宫颈胃型腺癌的临床病理特征、诊治情况及预后.方法:回顾性分析我医院妇科自2018年5月至2020年11月收治的10例宫颈胃型腺癌患者的临床病例资料.结果:10例患者中初次就诊时Ⅰ期5例,Ⅱ期2例,Ⅲ期3例,但术后因淋巴转移或远处转移而致分期升级至Ⅲ-Ⅳ期者可高达90％;单纯胃型腺癌者7例,单纯微偏腺癌者1例,...     

The review of the treatment of the carcinoma of the uterine cervix in Gifu University Hospital. Primary treated cases from 1972 to 1982

Clinical study was performed to review the treatment of carcinoma of the uterine cervix in 525 cases treated by surgery, radiotherapy, the combination of both, and others at Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gifu University Hospital during 10 years from April 1, 1972 through March 31, 1982. 1) Of 525 cases, 80 were classified as stage 0 by the criteria of FIGO, 178 as stage I (39 as Ia, 139 as Ib), 164 as stage II(8 as IIa, 156 as IIb), 98 as stage III and 5 as stage IV. 2) The five year cumulative survival rate was 78.2% for all invasive 445 cases excluding stage 0, 93.8% for stage I, 82.3% for stage II, 45.9% for stage III, and 20.0% for stage IV. 3) The five year cumulative survival rate was 85.1% for stage II cases which were treated by surgery or the combination of surgery and radiotherapy, and 63.8% for stage III. However the five year cumulative survival rate was 60.0% for stage II cases which were treated by radiotherapy only, and 32.0% for stage III. 4) The rate for the cases with adenocarcinoma was 3.8% (17/445) in all invasive carcinoma of the uterine cervix. The five year cumulative rate was 47.1% for the cases with adenocarcinoma, and 79.4% for those with squamous cell carcinoma.     

Cadherin expression in glandular tumors of the cervix

BACKGROUND: The cadherins are homotypic adhesion proteins that are important in cell sorting during organogenesis. Classic cadherins include several different types that show tissue specific expression. Specific tissue expression of cadherins often is preserved in neoplastic transformation, and cadherin phenotype can be used to differentiate morphologically similar but histogenetically distinct tumors. METHODS: The authors examined by using immunohistochemistry in paraffin sections the expression of E- (epithelial) and P- (placental) cadherin in 39 patients with glandular tumors of the cervix, including invasive adenocarcinoma, villoglandular adenocarcinoma, adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS), and adenoma malignum. RESULTS: In all cases, E-cadherin was expressed in both normal and malignant glands without appreciable differences. P-cadherin, normally confined to basal epithelial cells and not observed in benign glands, was aberrantly expressed in neoplastic glands in 27 cases, including 96%(23 of 24 cases) of invasive cancers, 40% (2 of 5) of villoglandular carcinomas, 25% (2 of 8) of AIS, and 0% (0 of 2) of adenoma malignum. CONCLUSIONS: The authors' results show that E-cadherin is uniformly expressed in glandular tumors of the cervix with no evidence of decreased expression in these tumors. In addition, P-cadherin is aberrantly expressed in most adenocarcinomas and appears to be preferentially expressed in invasive rather than in situ lesions. Thus, aberrant expression of P-cadherin may be a useful marker of invasive or aggressive clinical behavior in glandular lesions of the cervix.     

宫颈恶性肿瘤治疗后激素替代疗法(HRT)对预后的影响

目的：观察宫颈恶性肿瘤治疗后的激素替代疗法（HRT）对预后的影响。方法：对166例宫颈癌治疗后的妇女给予HRT，通过病人主观症状的变化了解替代效果；通过阴道宫颈涂片、B超、胸片、ECT等检查了解病情变化，总结其疗效及对预后的影响。结果：研究组复发转移占12．05％（20／166），对照组中复发转移占15％（24／160），两组无明显差异。肿瘤的复发与病理类型、临床分期有密切关系，与是否采用HRT关系不大。结论：HRT对宫颈鳞癌与腺癌患者都是安全有效的。     

CD_(44v6)及C-myc在宫颈鳞癌中的表达及意义

目的探讨CD44v6及C-myc在宫颈鳞癌发生、发展中的作用和意义以及二者之间的关系。方法选取30例正常宫颈组织和60例宫颈鳞癌组织应用组织芯片和免疫组化技术分别检测CD44v6及C-myc蛋白的表达情况。结果CD44v6在Ⅰ￣Ⅱ期宫颈鳞癌中的表达与病理分级、累及颈管肌层深度、淋巴结转移相关,而与年龄、临床分期无关。C-myc的表达与临床分期、累及颈管肌层深度、淋巴结转移相关,而与年龄、病理分级无关。结论CD44v6及C-myc在宫颈鳞癌中的表达可作为预后指标;二者有协同作用,共同检测有助于预测宫颈癌的侵袭、转移、预后。     

Tissue CEA in premalignant epithelial lesions and epidermoid carcinoma of the uterine cervix: prognostic significance.

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was studied by the indirect triple-bridge immunoperoxidase method in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue specimens from 191 patients with premalignant epithelial lesions or epidermoid carcinoma of the uterine cervix treated 12 years ago. The frequency of tissue CEA positivity was found to increase with advancing clinical disease in the following manner: mild dysplasia, 25%; severe dysplasia, 37%; carcinoma in situ, 60%; invasive carcinoma stage I, 60%; stage IIa, 65%; stage IIb, 80%; and stages III and IV, 69%. The prognostic significance of the tissue CEA positivity was studied in two groups of patients formed on the basis of clinical spread and treatment of the disease. The first group of 60 patients with stage I and IIa cancers had undergone radical surgery. The second group of 44 patients with more advanced carcinoma had been treated by radiotherapy alone. No significant difference in the survival rates was observed in either group between patients with CEA-positive and CEA-negative tumours. In the light of the absence of CEA from normal cervical epithelium, the increasing occurrence of CEA from premalignant lesions to advancing malignant growth suggests that CEA reflects an aggressive potential in premalignant lesions. However, the survival data on patients with CEA-positive and -negative invasive carcinomas suggest that CEA-positive cancers are not more malignant than CEA-negative cancers.     

宫颈高级别鳞状上皮内病变合并原位腺癌临床病理分析(附5例)

目的:探讨宫颈高级别鳞状上皮内病变合并原位腺癌的临床病理特征、诊断与鉴别诊断.方法:复习5例宫颈高级别鳞状上皮内病变合并原位腺癌的临床病理资料,并结合国内外文献讨论分析.结果:宫颈高级别鳞状上皮内病变合并原位腺癌好发于中年女性;镜下病变具备高级别鳞状上皮内病变和原位腺癌两部分组织学特征,两种肿瘤成分界限清楚、相互独立....     

Adenocarcinoma in situ and early invasive adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix

As data continue to accumulate, the clinical characteristics of preinvasive and early invasive glandular cervical neoplasia are becoming progressively better defined. Cytologic screening for these lesions is imprecise; however, modifications to current classification systems may improve the overall accuracy. All glandular abnormalities on the Papanicolaou smear, nevertheless, require judicious evaluation and careful follow-up. Cervical conization is the most definitive means of diagnosing adenocarcinoma in situ (ACIS). Because ACIS has been thought to represent a multifocal process, with negative conization margins having limited predictive value, conservative management protocols have been difficult to endorse. Several large studies now indicate that the surgical margin status may be a more reliable indicator of true disease clearance than previously thought. For young patients desiring to maintain reproductive capacity, ACIS appears to be safely managed by cold-knife conization combined with diligent surveillance. Early invasive adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix is associated with an excellent prognosis, and recent data suggest that radical surgery may be unnecessary.     

Prognostic factors in gynecologic cancer

Prognostic factors of uterine cervical cancer, endometrial cancer and ovarian cancer were discussed. Among various prognostic factors, clinical stage had the most meaningful label. The prognosis for adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix is poorer than for epidermoid carcinoma. In endometrial cancer, poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma showed a worse prognosis than well-differentiated adenocarcinoma. One of the most vexing problems in ovarian cancer is that, at the time when a diagnosis of ovarian cancer is made, about 60% of these cases have already spread intraperitoneally and remain no longer suitable for complete resection.