Mental health professionals' knowledge in the field of caring for chronic mental disorders

A national sample of 246 Canadian mental health professionals was given a knowledge test concerning principles of care for chronic mental patients. Results showed that: (1) mental health professionals were moderately knowledgeable on this topic (mean score 66%), (2) errors made were more commonly in the direction of over-enthusiastic support for the community approach and (3) there were no differences in knowledge scores by a demographic or professional status variables included in this study.     

艾滋病医护人员社会支持与心理健康关系

目的 探讨艾滋病医护人员社会支持与心理健康关系及其预测作用,为改善艾滋病医护人员心理社会环境提供依据.方法 采用社会支持评定量表(SSRS)和一般健康问卷(GHQ-12)对342名河南省艾滋病医护人员进行测试.结果 河南省艾滋病医生的客观支持分明显低于综合科医生(P<0.01),而在主观支持和支持的利用度上,则分别明显高于综合科医生(P<0.01,P<0.05).艾滋病医护人员心理状况不佳检出率为33.9%,其中护士的心理健康水平最低,为39.4%;社会支持的3个维度与心理健康均呈负相关(P<0.05);主观支持和支持的利用度对心理健康预测作用差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而客观支持预测作用差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 社会支持对艾滋病医护人员的心理健康具有重要影响.     

Work process in mental health and the psychosocial area

We present a theoretical reflection about determinants and constitutive elements of the nursing work process in the psychiatric and psychosocial areas, in the context of the Brazilian Psychiatric Reform. The aim is to offer theoretical and conceptual guidance with a view to mental health workers' reflexive action, particularly in nursing. The purpose of this article is to preserve the memory of nursing practice in psychiatry and to go beyond, with a view to constructing the psychosocial area, supporting teaching in all fields of health knowledge.     

Nursing in mental health in the context of psychosocial rehabilitation and interdisciplinarity

The objective of the present work is to reflect on concepts of psychosocial rehabilitation and interdisciplinarity in the field of mental health. This study points out the importance of those themes for the mental health and/or psychiatric nursing knowledge and practice. Based on complex thought and ethic-esthetic paradigm, criticism is made regarding the rational paradigm. It also aims at building knowledge that can stimulate reflection, investigation, curiosity, questioning of "certainty" and the acceptance of multiple competitive narratives. Psychosocial rehabilitation is understood as a conception, not as a technique. Its is a process which enables the user to establish social and affectionate relationships in different contexts: at home, at work and society. Interdisciplinarity is the capacity of converging different specialized knowledge on the construction of one text. It was observed that the discussion of these themes allows the nursing professionals to understand their practices and knowledge on a utopian, ethical and esthetic dimension.     

Disabled children and their families in Ukraine: health and mental health issues for families caring for their disabled child at home

In the Eastern European countries included in the communist system of the USSR, parents of disabled children were encouraged to commit their disabled child to institutional care. There were strict legal regulations excluding them from schools. Medical assessments were used for care decisions. Nevertheless many parents decided to care for their disabled child at home within the family. Ukraine became an independent country in 1991, when communism was replaced by liberal democracy within a free market system. Western solutions have been sought for many social problems existing, but 'hidden,' under the old regime. For more of the parents of disabled children, this has meant embracing ideas of caring for their disabled children in the community, and providing for their social, educational, and medical needs, which have previously been denied. The issue of disability is a serious one for Ukraine where the nuclear disaster at Chernobyl in 1986 caused extensive radiation poisoning. This almost certainly led to an increase in the number of disabled children being born and an increase in the incidence of various forms of cancer. This paper is based on a series of observation visits to some of the many self-help groups established by parents, usually mothers, for their disabled children. It draws attention to the emotional stress experienced both by parents and their disabled children in the process of attempting to come to terms with the disabling conditions, and the denial of the normal rights of childhood resulting from prejudice, poor resources, ignorance, and restrictive legislation. Attempts have been made to identify the possible role and tasks of professional social workers within this context. International comparisons show that many parents and their children do not benefit from the medical model of disability, and that serious consequences include the development of depressive illness among those who find that little help is available from public services.     

四川省艾滋病护理人员社会支持与心理健康的相关研究

摘要:目的　探讨艾滋病护理人员社会支持与心理健康的关系,为改善她们的心理健康水平提供科学依据。方法　采用一般健康问卷（GHQ-12）和社会支持量表（SSRS）对150名四川省艾滋病护理人员进行调查。结果　艾滋病护理人员心理健康状况不良的检出率为38.7%（58/150）;社会支持的3个维度与心理健康均呈负相关（P＜0.05）;多因素Logistic回归分析筛选出年龄、学历、工作年限、主观支持是影响护理人员心理健康的因素。结论　社会支持影响艾滋病护理人员的心理健康状况,应重视她们的心理健康状况,特别是应重点关注年龄小、学历低、工作年限短的护理人员的心理健康,给予她们更多的社会支持,以改善她们的心理健康水平。     

Nursing care at the Jardim Lidia mental health day hospital

The author describes her experience in this no insane asylum characteristics institution. She points the possibility of intensive treatment for patients who can stay home part-time. She elaborates individual activities and group therapy in order to reinstate this patient to the society providing them a better life quality.     

留守学生的心理健康与人格特点的相关性研究

目的 了解农村留守中学生心理健康状况,及留守学生与非留守学生人格特点的差异。方法 采用心理健康诊断测验(MHT)、艾森克个性调查问卷(少年版)对重庆市278名农村中学生进行调查。结果 1)在278名农村学生中,心理问题发生率为6.5%;2) 农村留守学生MHT总分、自责倾向因子分高于非留守学生(42.8±1.4,33.4±1.7,t=3.52;6.1±0.2,4.5±0.3,t=3.58,P均<0.01);3)留守组EPQ人格问卷中精神质、情绪稳定性因子分显著高于非留守组(5.64±3.21,3.29±2.68,t=4.307;15.61±4.53,8.73±4.71,t=7.355,P均<0.01),掩饰性因子分却显著低于非留守组(10.50±4.29,13.04±4.54,t=-2.828,P<0.01);4)相关分析表明留守学生MHT总分与精神质、情绪稳定性呈显著正相关,与掩饰性呈显著负相关;其中情绪稳定性与MHT各因子呈显著正相关,精神质与MHT的大多因子正相关;而内外向与MHT总分和各因子都无显著相关;5)EPQ人格各因子能解释MHT总分、学习焦虑、冲动倾向、身体症状、对人焦虑、过敏倾向因子21%~49%的变异。而情绪稳定性对心理健康水平影响最大,对MHT总分最具有预测力,单独解释量达49%。 结论 农村留守中学生存在较多心理问题,留守学生较非留守学生人格上存在更多问题,也对其心理健康起到重要作用。因此家长、代养人、学校应采取多种方式充分塑造和培养留守学生良好个性。     

Housing conditions and mental health in a disadvantaged area in Scotland.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the mental health impact of different aspects of poor housing. DESIGN: This was a post hoc analysis of data from a household interview survey. SETTING: A public sector housing estate on the outskirts of Glasgow. SUBJECTS: These comprised 114 men and 333 women aged between 17 and 65 from 451 households. MEASURES: Dependent variable: scoring > or = 5 on the 30 item general health questionnaire (GHQ30). Independent variables: self reported data on household composition, whether ill health was a factor in the move to the current dwelling, length of time at address, household income, whether the respondent was employed, chronic illness, and 6 problems with the dwelling. RESULTS: Reporting a problem with dampness was significantly and independently associated with scores of > or = 5 on the GHQ30 after controlling for possible confounding variables. CONCLUSION: Initiatives to tackle housing dampness may be important in developing a strategy to improve mental health for the study area. More research on the mental health impact of different aspects of poor housing is required.     

农村留守儿童心理健康状况分析

目的探讨农村留守儿童心理健康状况及影响因素。方法随机分层整群抽取江苏省徐州市沛县地区5所小学4~6年级共748名留守儿童,采用自行设计的调查问卷及心理健康诊断测验量表(MHT)进行现况调查。结果不同性别留守儿童在恐怖症状和总焦虑倾向得分差异有统计学意义(P0.05);监护人中72.5%为母亲照顾,20.9%为(外)祖父母,1.4%为父亲,5.2%为其他人监护。监护人文化程度构成中文盲占10.8%,小学占40.4%,初中占34.4%,高中及以上占14.4%;以监护人不同文化程度分组,留守儿童在学习焦虑、自责倾向、恐怖症状和总焦虑倾向得分差异有统计学意义(P0.05);父母不同外出打工时间,留守儿童在自责倾向、身体症状及冲动倾向得分差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论女生、监护人文化程度较低或父母外出打工时间较长,农村留守儿童心理健康状况相对较差。     

地震灾区青少年学生心理健康状况调查

目的 探讨四川省地震灾区青少年学生的心理健康水平及人格特征.方法 应用症状自评量表(SCL-90)、艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)(儿童版),对地震灾区20d后137例学生进行心理测评.结果 灾区青少年学生心理问题发生率为31.3%,其中较明显的有强迫为35.8%,人际关系敏感为30.7%,焦虑为24.1%,抑郁为22.6%,敌意为20%.恐惧为15.3%.女生除躯体化、偏执、敌意,附加因子外,其他因子得分均明显高于男生;灾区学生SCL-90中各因子得分均高于对照组,主要表现为恐怖、焦虑、精神病症状、总分方面,提示灾区青少年学生的心理健康水平明显低于对照组.人格测评结果显示,有心理问题的灾区青少年具有内向、情绪不稳定的人格特征.结论 灾区青少年学生的心理健康水平较低,要特别关注那些内向及情绪不稳定的学生.对他们及早进行心理干预.     

山区小学生家庭环境与心理健康相关分析

【目的】了解济南市某山区小学生的心理健康水平,及其与家庭环境特征间的相关关系,为有效开展山区小学生的心理健康教育工作提供依据。【方法】采用小学生心理健康评定量表、家庭环境特征量表和一般情况调查表对该山区703名在校小学生进行问卷调查。【结果】该山区小学生心理健康偏离总检出率为14.2%,主要存在学习障碍(18.5%)、性格缺陷(17.2%)、行为障碍(15.8%)等心理问题。男生的MHRSP总分及学习障碍、社会适应障碍、品德缺陷、不良习惯得分均显著高于女生(P0.05)。三年级小学生的MHRSP总分及学习障碍、社会适应障碍、不良习惯得分均为最高(P0.05)。相关分析结果表明,家庭环境特征部分因子与山区小学生的学习障碍、情绪障碍、性格缺陷、行为障碍等因子得分呈显著相关(r=-0.365～0.111,P0.05)。【结论】济南市该山区小学生的心理健康水平较差,且与家庭环境特征部分因子呈显著相关,建议积极改善家庭环境特征,有助于提高山区小学生心理健康水平。     

SARS病人的心理健康及其相关因素分析

目的了解SARS病人的心理健康状况及其相关因素。方法对广东省SARS病人住院病历中的精神症状、性别、年龄、职业、疗程长短、基础疾病、生命体征及疾病严重程度进行描述性统计和logistic回归分析。结果调查906人中有269人(29.69%)存在不同程度的心理健康问题,其中紧张、恐惧是SARS病人的主要问题。在精神症状发生率方面,医务人员较非医务人员高,重病者较轻病者高,疗程长者较疗程短者高,P值均小于0.01。病情严重程度是有无精神症状的最主要因素,其次是是否为医务人员。结论SARS病人中,重症病人、医务人员和疗程长的病人存在较多的心理健康问题,其心理健康状况值得重视。     

Integrated mental health: A creative model for community mental health in the 1980s

Integrated Mental Health is a membership corporation designed as a non-profit management, funding, planning and evaluation vehicle for a two-county community mental health service system. It emphasizes incentives, coordination and research capability with special attention to the chronically mentally ill.     

寒区集训新兵心理健康状况影响因素分析

目的 探讨寒区集训新兵心理健康状况的影响因素.方法 以症状自评量表(SCL-90)测评参训第1周1 000名新兵的心理健康状况.结果 有效问卷981份.县城来源新兵的强迫症状、人际关系、抑郁、敌对、恐怖、偏执、精神病性及SCL-90总分高于省城及农村来源新兵,农村新兵躯体化因子分低于省城和县城来源新兵.高中学历新兵SCL-90在躯体化、人际关系、抑郁、敌对、焦虑、偏执、精神病性及SCL-90总分高于初中及以下组新兵.有烟酒饮用习惯者SCL-90总分及所有因子分高于无烟酒饮用习惯者.回归分析表明,寒区集训新兵躯体化因子分与家庭住址呈负相关(r=-0.11),与吸烟习惯呈正相关(r=0.17);强迫症状(r=0.17)、人际关系(r=0.17)、抑郁(r=0.20)、焦虑(r=0.16)、敌对(r=0.25)、恐怖(r=0.12)、偏执(r=0.21)及精神病性(r=0.11)及SCL-90总分(r=0.21)与饮酒习惯呈正相关.结论 寒区新兵心理健康的主要影响因素为吸烟饮酒.     

Emotion in health care: the cost of caring

PURPOSE: The purpose of this paper is to understand the centrality of emotion, and how that emotion both created and contributed to meaning, in the communication of health professionals who worked in a regional pilot program for cancer screening. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: As the third phase of a larger study, thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews was carried out with the 19 members of the professional groups, which comprised the service. Brief comments were included from the questionnaire survey in phases 1 and 2 of the study to demonstrate the overflow effects on those served by the organization. FINDINGS: Emotion was found to be a critical component in the communication interface between the groups. The complexity of the way in which emotion was managed with the client group overflowed into the management of the communication process between the professional groups in the organization. However, it was not always recognised, and thus created difficulties for a number of staff. RESEARCH LIMITATIONS/IMPLICATIONS: Although the research was limited to one health-care organization, it is possible that other health professions are experiencing similar situations as they cope with the certainty of unending change. Also, although secondary interviews were carried out to ensure that themes were credible to participants, it is possible that carrying out the interviews in the work environment may have constrained some participants. ORIGINALITY/VALUE: Stresses the importance of the emotional component of communication and how it is recognised to facilitate effective working relationships and support staff coping with change and heavy workloads in health-care organizations.