NON-SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF PHIMOSIS

Management of phimosis without operation is a possible alternative option for balanitis problems in certain circumstances.     

Prevalence and sequelae of penile lichen sclerosus in males presenting for circumcision in regional Australia: a multicentre retrospective cohort study

BackgroundLichen sclerosus (LS) in men commonly involves the external genitalia, with up to 20% of these patients developing urethral stricture disease, and a small group developing malignant transformation to penile squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of LS and its sequelae in males presenting for circumcision.MethodsA multicentre retrospective cohort study was conducted at 8 hospitals within 3 Australian regional centres. We identified males who underwent circumcision between January 2004 and November 2018 and obtained histological and clinical data. Histopathological confirmation of LS was the primary outcome. Development of urethral stricture disease and penile cancer were secondary outcomes.ResultsSix hundred and eleven patients underwent circumcision, of which 313 (51.2%) had a specimen sent for histology. Of these, 199 (63.6%) had confirmed LS where the median age at diagnosis was 65 years [interquartile range (IQR), 40–77]. Even if the remainder of unsent specimens were free of LS, the prevalence would still be 32.6%. Amongst the patients with LS, 44 (22.1%) developed urethral strictures, 1 penile SCC (0.5%), and 1 penile intraepithelial neoplasia (0.5%).ConclusionsThe prevalence of LS in patients undergoing circumcision where the foreskin was sent for histopathological review was 63.6%. In those with LS, the prevalence of urethral stricture disease was 22.1%.     

The response of balanitis xerotica obliterans to local steroid application compared with placebo in children

PURPOSE: We evaluated the clinical effectiveness of topical steroid application for balanitis xerotica obliterans in children and analyzed the association of any clinical response with histological findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Our double-blind, placebo controlled, randomized study included 40 boys in whom balanitis xerotica obliterans was diagnosed clinically by cicatricial phimosis. The severity of phimosis was graded into 4 groups. Patients were randomized to receive the topical application of 0.05% mometasone furoate or placebo. After 5 weeks phimosis severity was reevaluated and all patients underwent circumcision. Surgical specimens were histologically typed as an early, intermediate or late form of balanitis xerotica obliterans. RESULTS: Seven patients were withdrawn from the study. In the steroid group 7 boys had clinical improvement and 10 had no change. Histological study showed an early, intermediate and late form of balanitis xerotica obliterans in 5, 5 and 7 cases, respectively. Of cases with clinical improvement 5 were the early and 2 the intermediate type. In the placebo group 5 cases worsened clinically and 11 did not change. Histological evaluation revealed an early, intermediate and late form of balanitis xerotica obliterans in 3, 7 and 6 boys, respectively. Of the 5 cases with histological worsening, disease was the early, intermediate and late type in 2, 2 and 1, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Applying a potent topical steroid affects improvement in balanitis xerotica obliterans in the histologically early and intermediate stages of disease, and may inhibit further worsening in the late stage.     

Clinical application of a new device for minimally invasive circumcision

Aim： To study the clinical effects of a disposable circumcision device in treatment of male patients of different ages with either phimosis or excess foreskin. Methods： One thousand two hundred patients between the age of 5 and 95 years underwent circumcision using this procedure in the 2-year period between October 2005 and September 2007. Of these cases, 904 had excess foreskin and 296 were cases of phimosis. Results： In 96.33% of the cases the incision healed, leaving a minimal amount of the inner foreskin with no scarring and producing good cosmetic results. There were no incidents of device dislocation or damage to the frenulum. The average operative time was 2.5 min for excess foreskin, and 3.5 min for phimosis. During the 7 days of wearing the device, mild to moderate edema occurred in 10.08 % of cases with excess foreskin and in 2.58 % of those with phimosis. Edema in the frenulum was seen in 1.67% of patients, and only 0.67% had an infection of the incision. A total of 86.25% of patients reported pain due to penile erection. After removal of the device, 0.58% of the cases had minimal bleeding around the incision, and 2.42% had wound dehiscence. Conclusion： The new device can be applied to an overwhelming majority of patients with phimosis and excess foreskin. This technique is relatively simple to perform, and patients who underwent this surgery had very few complications. Antibiotics were not required and patients reported less pain than those who were circumcised using conventional methods. Circumcision with this device requires minimal tissue manipulation, and is quicker and safer than circumcision using conventional techniques.     

HK型和Tara型两种包皮环套术的疗效评价

目的 探讨HK型和Tara型两种包皮环套术对包皮过长和包茎的治疗效果.方法 对本院2004年5月～2008年5月的200例HK型包皮环套术和200例Tara型包皮环套术患者的资料进行回顾性分析.结果 手术平均时间：HK犁环套术（8.21±0.54）min,Tara型环套术（10.23±0.67）min 术中出血量：HK型环套术（0.78±0.14）mL,Tara型环套术（0.32±0.11）mL 术后出血：HK环套术2例（1%）,Tara环套术0例 术后伤口感染和延迟愈合：HK环套术8例（4%）和Tara环套术3例（1.5%） 术后皮下线结和切口瘢痕形成：HK和Tara环套术均为0例.两种术式的手术时间、术中出血量差异有显著性（P〈0.05）,其他指标差异无显著性（P〉0.05）.结论 包皮环套术治疗成人和儿童包皮过长和包茎操作简便、出血少、副作用小,值得推广.伴有包皮严重粘连或尿道口病变的患者以开放手术为宜.     

209例不同术式环切术治疗包茎和包皮过长

目的评价不同术式环切术治疗包茎及包皮过长的方法和疗效。方法自2001年起,共收治包茎和包皮过长患者209例,包茎85例,包皮过长124例。其中已婚者53例。行剪刀法包皮环切术59例,血管钳法包皮环切术31例,袖套法包皮环切术47例,阴茎根部皮肤环切术72例。结果改良术式(袖套法、根部法)手术时间、术中出血量和术后创口疼痛时间与传统术式(剪刀法、血管钳法)比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。传统术式发生出血或血肿19例,伤口感染10例,阴茎水肿34例,包皮过长或过短8例;改良术式术后伤口感染2例,阴茎水肿5例,无出血或血肿及包皮过长或过短。总并发症发生率为37.32%,其中传统术式并发症33.97%,改良术式3.35%,对比差异有显著性意义(P<0.01);已婚者性满意度提高23例,其中改良术式18例,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论严格掌握不同术式的适应证,根据患者情况灵活选择术式可降低并发症发生率,提高婚后性生活质量。     

三种包皮环切术的临床应用比较

目的:比较包皮环切缝合器手术、包皮环切吻合器手术与传统包皮环切术治疗包皮过长或包茎患者的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析我院泌尿外科门诊采用包皮环切缝合器手术(110例)、包皮环切吻合器手术(105例)、传统包皮环切术(520例)治疗包皮过长或包茎的735例患者的临床资料,比较三种术式的手术时间、术中出血量、术后并发症等指标。结果:包皮环切缝合器手术、包皮环切吻合器手术在手术时间和术中出血量等方面要优于传统包皮环切术(P0.05);且三种术式在手术并发症上的差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:三种术式各有优缺点,最后的术式选择需根据患者的病情、年龄、经济状况、对美观的要求和手术者对不同术式的手术技巧的熟悉程度等多方面来综合考虑决定。     

传统包皮环切术和套环环切术在小儿包茎治疗中的比较分析

目的 比较分析传统包皮环切术和套环环切术在治疗小儿包茎中的利弊,为不同包茎患者选择环切术式提供参考.方法 对182例小儿包茎患者随机行包皮传统环切术或套环环切术,统计术前情况、手术时间和术后情况,对所有采集资料进行回顾性分析.结果 术前有粘连的小儿包茎患者术后愈合时间传统环切术[（9.14±2.71）d]较套环环切术[（13.01±3.12）d]更短（P＜0.05）,无粘连患者两种手术方式愈合时间差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;手术时间套环环切[（6±1.8）min]较传统环切[（15±2.5）min]明显缩短（P＜0.01）;术后伤口裂开渗血、粘连及水肿等并发症的发生率套环环切术较传统环切术更低（P＜0.05）;术后疼痛持续时间传统环切术较套环环切术更短（P＜0.05）.结论 两种手术方式均为小儿包茎患者的有效治疗方法,套环环切术因手术时间短、操作简单、术后并发症少和切口美观的优点可作为首选治疗方式,但术前有粘连的小儿包茎患者更推荐行传统环切术.     

3种包皮环切术的临床疗效分析

目的:比较传统包皮环切术、袖套状包皮切除术和包皮环切吻合术治疗包皮过长或包茎患者的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析我院泌尿外科门诊采用传统包皮环切术(n=279)、袖套状包皮切除术(n=354)和包皮环切吻合术(n=285)治疗包茎或包皮过长918例患者的临床资料,比较3种术式手术时间、术中出血量、手术者对手术的满意度、术后4 h和7 d视觉模拟疼痛评分、术后并发症、创口完全愈合时间、包皮水肿程度、患者对术后外观的满意程度及围手术期费用等指标。结果:包皮环切吻合术在手术时间和术中出血量等方面要优于袖套状包皮切除术和传统包皮环切术(P<0.05)。传统包皮环切术、袖套状包皮切除术和包皮环切吻合术的创口完全愈合时间分别为(18.6±5.2)d、(11.4±3.7)d、(20.3±5.7)d,表明袖套状包皮切除术创口完全愈合时间明显优于传统包皮环切术和包皮环切吻合术(P<0.05)。袖套状包皮切除术在手术者对手术的满意度、术后水肿程度、术后并发症以及患者对外观的满意度等方面与包皮环切吻合术相似,但要优于传统包皮环切术(P<0.05)。传统包皮环切术和袖套状包皮切除术在术后7 d视觉疼痛模拟评分和围手术期费用上明显低于包皮环切吻合术(P<0.05)。结论:3种术式各有优缺点,最终的术式选择需根据患者的年龄、经济承受能力和手术者对不同术式的手术技巧差异和熟悉程度等多方面来考虑。     

新型一次性包皮环切吻合器治疗包皮过长和包茎2O例临床分析

目的：探讨新型一次性包皮环切吻合器治疗包皮过长和包茎的治疗效果。方法：应用一次性包皮环切吻合器,对20例包皮过长或包茎的患者,给予包皮环切术。结果：手术均采用包皮环切吻合器完成。手术时间平均约3～8min。术后未出现切口大片裂开,血肿形成或迟发大量出血。其中2例患者有少量渗血,行加压包扎两天后出血完全停止,1例有钛钉松动伴有约1．5cm切口裂开,予换药包扎5天后切缘对合平整,余下患者3天后拆除纱布无明显水肿、出血。术后1个月复诊,20例患者切口愈合良好,术后阴茎外观美观。结论：新型一次性包皮环切吻合器切割吻合一次完成,微创、手术时间短,患者痛苦小,美观、治疗效果好,值得推广。     

改良切口的套袖式包皮环切术和包皮背侧切开术

目的:探讨改良切口的套袖式包皮环切术和包皮背侧切开术治疗包皮过长及包茎的方法和效果。方法:采用改良切口的套袖式包皮环切术和包皮背侧切开术治疗包皮过长及包茎患者576例。将传统的包皮内、外板椭圆形切口改良为两个相对的曲线切口,保留完整的包皮系带。结果:患者术中出血少,术后伤口水肿轻,恢复快,无皮下硬结,切口愈合后外形美观。结论:改良切口的套袖式包皮环切术和包皮背侧切开术对包皮过长及包茎患者治疗效果满意。     

THE TREATMENT OF CHILDHOOD PHIMOSIS WITH TOPICAL STEROID

A prospective study of the efficacy of topical steroid in the treatment of childhood phimosis is reported. Boys referred to a paediatric surgical practice with pathological non-retractable foreskins were treated for at least 1 month with topical beta methasone cream. One hundred and thirty-nine patients were treated and 111 completed the study. A satisfactory result, defined as foreskin retractability appropriate for the boys' age, was achieved in 80% of patients. In 10% the response was inadequate at the end of the study period, but these boys were still under treatment or surveillance because their parents declined circumcision. In 10%, circumcision was performed because of failure of treatment. In six patients this was due to balanitis xerotica obliterans (lichen sclerosis et atrophicus) which does not respond to conservative treatment. Successful treatment depends upon the presence of a normal, supple foreskin at the outset, and on parental compliance.     

包皮环切结合吻合器的应用治疗包皮过长

目的：探讨使用一次性包皮环切吻合器治疗包茎、包皮过长的临床应用效果。方法：随机将220例包茎、包皮过长患者分成一次性包皮环切吻合器（A组,112）与常规包皮环切（B组,108）两组,比较其优缺点及疗效。结果：A组比B组的手术时间短、出血少、术后不需拆线、术后感染率低、术后创缘整齐,外形美观。结论：应用一次性包皮环切吻合器行包皮环切术,手术简单,并发症少,患者痛苦小,易推广。     

一次性包皮环切缝合器在男性包皮环切术中的临床应用

目的:探讨一次性包皮环切缝合器在包皮环切术中的安全性及有效性。方法:将到门诊就诊的包茎和包皮过长要求手术的患者随机分成2组,采用两种手术方法,一次性包皮环切缝合器组129例,传统组120例,对其安全性及疗效性等方面进行对比。结果:包皮环切缝合器组和传统组手术时间分别为(4.02±0.69)min和(30.8±4.05)min;出血量分别为(1.07±1.29)ml和(8.72±2.15)ml,手术时疼痛评分分别为(0.81±0.81)分、(2.42±1.15)分;术后24 h疼痛评分分别为(1.84±1.02)分、(4.99±1.36)分;术后并发症发生率分别为13.95%(18/129)、9.17%(11/120);创口愈合时间分别为(13.99±9.06)d、(17.48±3.49)d;术后外观满意率分别为98.4%(127/129)、95.0%(109/120);治疗费用分别为(2215.62±17.67)元、(576.47±15.58)元;与传统手术组相比,一次性包皮环切缝合器组手术时间短,失血量少,患者痛苦小,创口愈合时间短,外观满意率高(P均0.05),但术后并发症发生率较高(P0.05),且治疗费用较高(P0.05)。结论:采用一次性包皮环切缝合器行包皮环切术时具有良好的临床效果,值得临床推广应用。     

Treatment of phimosis with topical steroids in 194 children

PURPOSE: Topical steroids have been advocated as an effective economical alternative to circumcision in boys with phimosis. We evaluated the effectiveness of topical steroid therapy as primary treatment in 194 patients with phimosis. METHODS: Between January 1996 and November 2000, 228 boys 16 years old or younger were referred for consideration of circumcision. When intervention was determined to be necessary, a 6-week course of topical steroids was used as primary treatment. Efficacy of treatment was evaluated at 3 months from initiation of therapy. RESULTS: Of the 228 patients 15 had such a mild degree of phimosis that no intervention was believed to be necessary, 19 were scheduled directly for circumcision due to cosmetic reasons, parent wishes, or severe phimosis with associated voiding problems and the remaining 194 received topical steroids as primary treatment. Of these 194 patients 25 had coexisting balanitis and 4 had a history of urinary tract infection. Conservative treatment was successful in 87%, 88% and 75% of patients with phimosis alone, coexisting balanitis and history of urinary tract infection, respectively. Overall, circumcision was avoided in 87% of patients treated with topical steroids. CONCLUSION: Topical steroids are becoming the standard conservative measure for treating phimosis. Our study supports this trend, with an overall efficacy of 87%.     

V字型包皮整形术在成人包茎患者中的应用效果

分析在成人包茎患者治疗中采用V字型包皮整形术的效果。方法 选取2022年11月-2023年11月 本院收治的90例成人包茎患者为研究对象,随机分为参照组和研究组,每组45例。参照组采用传统包皮 环切术治疗,研究组采用V字型包皮整形术治疗,比较两组临床疗效、美观满意度、手术指标及不良反应 发生情况。结果 研究组治疗总有效率为95.56%,高于参照组的86.67%（P＜0.05）;研究组美观满意度为 93.33%,高于参照组的84.44%（P ＜0.05）;研究组手术时间、术后持续疼痛时间、切口愈合时间及术中出 血量均优于参照组（P＜0.05）;研究组不良反应发生率为15.56%,低于参照组的64.44%（P＜0.05）。结论 V字型包皮整形术在成人包茎患者中的应用效果良好,能够有效提升治疗总有效率,优化手术指标,且术 后不良反应发生几率较小,术后美观满意度较高,     

应用商环对儿童及成人行包皮环切术的疗效及并发症对比分析

目的:对儿童及成人应用商环行包皮环切术的疗效及并发症进行对比分析.方法:采用商环对702例成人、216例儿童进行了包皮环切术,对手术时间、愈合时间、术后包皮水肿、术后血、术后疼痛、术后感染等指标进行了对比分析.结果:儿童组手术时间及愈合时间均较成人组长；2个组均有不同程度的包皮水肿；成人组有2例(0.3％)发生明显出血,经Ⅱ期缝合,愈合良好,儿童组未发生明显出血；2个组术后48h左右均有轻度疼痛,成人夜间更明显.术后拆环时成人组疼痛能耐受,儿童组疼痛明显,术后2周左右拆环更合适；成人组8例(1.14％)、儿童组2例(0.93％)发生了术后感染,经积极处理,均愈合良好,术后常见组织液、淋巴液渗出形成类似“脓液”的黄白色分泌物,不是感染.结论:应用商环治疗儿童及成人包皮过长或包茎均有良好的临床效果,应掌握好手术适应症,选择合适的型号,术中包皮内板保留要适当,术前术后进行必要的宣教,更要掌握好术后拆环时间,以利于伤口愈合及减轻拆环疼痛.     

应用预控出血的包茎矫治术治疗包茎

目的:探索一种有效减少术中、术后出血的专用于包茎的手术方法.方法:采用预先控制出血的一系列方法,代替了出血后止血,以减少术中、术后出血、肿胀等并发症.结果:从2004年4月到2008年7月,采用本方法共治疗包茎患者45例,术中平均出血量2～3ml,术后渗血1～2ml,仅有轻微水肿.结论:本法可以确实有效地减少包茎手术中、术后出血、减轻术后水肿.     

Can circumcision be avoided in adult male with phimosis? Results of the PhimoStopTM prospective trial

BackgroundCircumcision as surgical treatment of adult phimosis is not devoid of complications. Efficacy of alternative non-surgical options is unclear. PhimoStop^TM is a therapeutic protocol which involves the use of appropriately shaped silicone tuboids of increasing size to obtain a non-forced dilation of the prepuce. The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and durability of results of PhimoStop^TM device for the treatment of adult male phimosis.MethodsA prospective trial was conducted between 2018 and 2020 on 85 consecutive adult male patients affected by phimosis and with an indication for circumcision. Patients were treated with PhimoStop^TM protocol and they were evaluated at baseline and after treatment through a subjective (patient self-reported information on various domains of his sexual function) and an objective assessment (evaluation of phimosis severity grade according to the Kikiros scale pre- and post-treatment, re-assessment of indication for circumcision post-treatment and validated questionnaires scores). Primary endpoint was to avoid the scheduled circumcision in 33% of the patients enrolled.ResultsSeventy-one patients (84%) completed the device usage phase as per study protocol. Median duration of tuboid application was 60 days. Thirty-seven patients (52.1%) had no indication for circumcision after treatment. Even considering patients lost to follow-up as failures, primary endpoint was reached in 43.5% of cases. There was a significant reduction of the grade of phimosis after treatment (P<0.001). Moreover IIEF-5 showed a statistically significant improvement after treatment (P<0.001). Thirty/37 patients who met the primary endpoint (81%) still have a successful resolution of their phimosis avoiding circumcision at a median follow-up of 24 months.ConclusionsPhimoStop^TM device is effective for the treatment of adult male phimosis of Kikiros grade ≤2. The results seem to be durable in most patients at a median follow-up of 24 months. Randomized clinical trials are necessary in order to confirm our results and assess cost-efficacy.     

Ballooning of the foreskin and physiological phimosis: is there any objective evidence of obstructed voiding?

OBJECTIVES To determine whether physiological phimosis with or without ballooning of the prepuce is associated with noninvasive urodynamic or radiological evidence of bladder outlet obstruction. PATIENTS AND METHODS From August 2001 to October 2002 all boys with a foreskin problem and referred to one paediatric surgeon were assessed in special clinics. Those with physiological phimosis were recruited for the study and had upper tract and bladder ultrasonography (US), followed by uroflowmetry and US-determined postvoid residual urine volumes (PVR). Data were compared between boys with and with no ballooning of the prepuce. The project was approved by the local research ethics committee and informed consent was obtained from all study participants. RESULTS In all, 54 patients were referred for circumcision; 32 boys with physiological phimosis completed the uroflow and US investigations. Ballooning of the foreskin was present in 18 boys (mean age 6.8 years, range 3-12); 14 had physiological phimosis with no ballooning (mean age 6.5 years, range 4-11). Upper tract US and bladder wall thickness were normal in all boys. The mean maximum urinary flow rate (Q(max)) was not significantly different in boys with ballooning and those without (mean 15.3 mL/s, sd 4.4, range 9-24, vs 15.4, sd 2.9, range 10.7-20, P = 0.96). In addition, all Q(max) values were within the normal range when correlated with voided volume and compared with age-related nomograms. Most boys had flow rate patterns showing a normal bell-shaped curve; a few (9%) had subtle changes in the flow-rate profile, with either a plateau-type curve or slow initial increase in flow and prolonged time to achieve Q(max). The two groups had comparable mean PVRs (3.5 mL, sd 5.1, range 0-18 with ballooning vs 6.1, sd 10.7, range 0-38 without, P = 0.37). Only one patient had a marginally abnormal PVR. CONCLUSIONS Physiological phimosis with or without ballooning of the prepuce is not associated with noninvasive objective measures of obstructed voiding. Minor abnormalities in the flow-rate pattern in this patient group deserve further study.