160例成人HIV/AIDS临床表现与血CD4+细胞相关性分析

目的分析中国成人HIV/AIDS临床症状与周围血CD_4~+细胞数之间的关系。方法对1990年-2001年在本院就诊的160例成人HIV/AIDS CD_4~+、CD_8~+及临床症状进行跟踪分析。结果①共检测CD_4~+、CD_8~+ 516例次:CD_4~+≥200/μl 278例次(53.9％),CD_4~+<200/μl 238例次(46.1％);②在CD_4~+≥200/μl的278例次中,临床症状表现为乏力66例次(23.7％),记忆力下降51例次(18.3％),脱发65例次(23.4％),体征中表现为淋巴结肿大128例(46.3％),出现带状疱疹65例次(23.3％);CD_4~+<200/μl的238例次中,临床症状表现为发热228例次(95.8％),腹泻216例次(90.8％),口腔霉菌感染合并口腔溃疡192例次(80.7％),皮疹67例次(28.2％),体重下降168例次(70.6％)。结论中国成人HIV/AIDS患者在CD_4~+≥200/μl时临床症状较少,主要表现为乏力、脱发、记忆力下降等非特异性症状,体征主要表现为淋巴结肿大;CD_4~+<200/μl时临床症状集中表现为发热、腹泻、口腔霉菌感染合并口腔溃疡、体重下降等。     

中药治疗200例HIV感染者/AIDS患者的结果分析

目的　分析中药治疗艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染者/艾滋病(AIDS)患者后的实验室数据及临床变化特点。方法　采用治疗前后自身对照的方法,对1 999～2 0 0 2年在北京佑安医院接受中药治疗的2 0 0例HIV感染者/AIDS患者的实验室数据及临床症状进行分析。结果　(1 )病毒载量(VL)的变化:接受治疗的2 0 0例中,VL下降超过1log 2例(%) ,VL下降超过0 .5log 1 8例(9%)。(2 )CD+ 4 细胞数的变化:在CD+ 4 ≥2 0 0 /μl的1 2 9例患者中,治疗后5 6例(43. 4%)患者的CD+ 4 细胞数上升>5 0 /μl;在CD+ 4 细胞数<2 0 0 /μl的71例患者中,只有6例(8 5 %)CD+ 4 细胞数上升>5 0 /μl。同时,有85 %的患者在接受中药治疗后临床症状都有不同程度的改善。结论　中药能部分改善HIV感染者/AIDS患者的免疫功能和临床症状,但在病毒抑制方面的作用较弱。中药治疗时间越早,疗效越好;晚期治疗则疗效较差。     

AIDS合并肺部感染90例分析

目的提高对艾滋病(AIDS)合并肺部感染的认识.方法对1995～2001年在佑安医院就诊的90例AIDS合并肺部感染的患者进行分析.结果 (1)结核病(TB)38例(42.2%),卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎(PCP)35例(38.9%),肺隐球菌病2例(2.2%),军团菌肺炎2例(2.2%),非何杰金氏淋巴瘤1例(1.1%),其它不明原因肺部感染12例(13.3%).(2)90例肺部感染的患者中,CD+4 2～340/μl,平均CD+4 125±86/μl,CD+4/CD+8 0.01～0.51.其中CD+4>200/μl 7例(7.8%),CD+4 100～200/μl 19例(21.1%),CD+4<100/μl 64例(71.1%).结论中国成人AIDS合并肺部感染以TB和PCP为主.AIDS患者在CD+4<200/μl时容易并发肺部感染,其中以CD+4<100/μl时较为常见;CD+4越低,肺部感染越严重.     

HIV感染/AIDS者结核感染的影响因素分析

目的 分析HIV感染/AIDS者结核感染情况及其影响因素。方法 于2017年1—7月采用随机整群抽样的方法,抽取江苏省常州地区3家社区医院,以其10年累计登记的HIV感染/AIDS者作为研究对象,最终纳入475例,平均年龄(44.44±13.85)岁,其中,男378例(79.58%),女97例(20.42%);HIV感染者273例(57.47%),AIDS患者202例(42.53%)。收集研究对象的社会人口学信息及临床相关信息;采集研究对象外周静脉血,检测HIV病毒载量,并选取CD4 ⁺T细胞计数>200个/μl者采用QuantiFERON ^®-TB Gold (QFT)检测结核感染情况;分析研究对象结核感染情况,并采用多因素非条件logistic回归分析结核感染的影响因素。结果 研究对象中CD4 ⁺T细胞计数>200个/μl者有429例,结核感染率为10.02%(43/429)。单因素分析显示,CD4 ⁺T细胞计数>200个/μl者中有结核病接触史者结核感染率(30.30%,10/33)高于无接触史者(8.33%,33/396);CD4 ⁺T细胞计数>500个/μl者结核感染率(13.15%,33/251)高于CD4 ⁺T细胞计数为200~500个/μl者(5.62%,10/178),差异均有统计学意义(χ ²分别为16.30、6.55,P值均<0.05)。进一步的非条件logistic回归分析显示,CD4 ⁺T细胞计数>200个/μl的HIV感染/AIDS者中,有结核病患者接触史者结核感染风险是无接触史者的4.61倍[调整OR值(95%CI值)为4.61(2.00~10.63)];CD4 ⁺T细胞计数>500个/μl的HIV感染/AIDS者结核感染风险是CD4 ⁺T细胞计数200~500个/μl者的2.47倍[调整OR值(95%CI值)为2.47(1.17~5.21)]。结论 免疫水平低下的HIV感染/AIDS者结核感染检出率低;结核病患者接触史、免疫水平是HIV感染/AIDS者结核感染的重要影响因素。     

定西市HIV/AIDS病人CD4~+T淋巴细胞检测分析

目的了解甘肃省定西市艾滋病病人CD4~+T淋巴细胞水平和免疫状况,为判断艾滋病病人病程、预测临床进展和提高治疗效果提供科学依据。方法采用流式细胞术单平台法,检测HIV/AIDS病人外周静脉血液CD4~+T淋巴细胞并分析结果。结果 2018年定西市共检测340例HIV/AIDS病人外周静脉血液标本,新发现病人CD4~+T淋巴细胞数最少29个/μl、最多676个/μl,≤200个/μl病人数最多、占35.09%,500个/μl病人数最少、占10.53%;既往病人CD4~+T淋巴细胞数最少12个/μl、最多1 375个/μl;接受治疗的病人治疗前后CD4~+T淋巴细胞≤200个/μl的构成比从18.37%降至7.76%(χ~2=12.149),351～500个/μl的构成比从46.53%降至23.26%(χ~2=29.185),500个/μl的构成比从7.34%增至45.31%(χ~2=91.005),差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);未接受治疗的病人首末次CD4~+T淋巴细胞检测数≤200个/μl的构成比从2.63%增至15.79%(χ~2=3.934),201～350个/μl的构成比从7.90%增至28.95%(χ~2=5.604),500个/μl的构成比从50.00%降至18.42%(χ~2=8.418),差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论定西市部分HIV/AIDS病人发现较晚、免疫力较低,但抗病毒治疗效果较好,提示应采取有效措施做到早发现、早诊断、早治疗;应加大力度追踪随访CD4~+T淋巴细胞未检测或检测不及时的病人,动员其尽早检测和治疗。     

佳息患联合施多宁治疗HIV感染者/AIDS患者6个月效果及耐药性初步观察

目的探讨规范化应用蛋白酶抑制剂茚地那韦(Indinavir,佳息患)联合非核苷类逆转录酶抑制剂依非韦仑(Efavirenz,施多宁)治疗艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染者/AIDS患者的疗效和耐药情况。方法用施多宁联合佳息患对10例HIV感染者/AIDS患者进行为期6个月的治疗,于治疗前,治疗第1、3、6个月随访,监测病毒学和免疫学参数[病毒载量(VL)、CD4+细胞绝对计数、CD4+和CD8+免疫活化标志HLA-DR、CD3+8],药物毒副作用,基因型耐药变异情况,临床表现和依从性。结果10例HIV感染者/AIDS患者治疗前平均VL为5.17log拷贝/ml(3.58×105拷贝/ml),治疗6个月后平均下降3.25log拷贝/ml(P<0.001),其中9例达到检测不出的水平(<400拷贝/ml)。CD4+T细胞绝对计数平均上升178个/μl(P<0.001)。CD3+8HLA-DR+CD4+细胞平均百分比和CD3+8HLA-DR+CD8+细胞平均百分比分别降低了14.9%(P<0.01)和22.9%(P<0.001)。病人临床症状缓解且耐受性良好,无严重不良反应发生。10例患者在治疗前和治疗6个月后均未出现原发耐药变异。结论佳息患联合施多宁规范化治疗不同感染阶段的中国HIV感染者/AIDS患者6个月,可有效抑制HIV-1复制,促进机体免疫重建,改善临床症状,提高生活质量,副作用在可接受范围内,无原发耐药变异发生。     

人类免疫缺陷病毒感染者及艾滋病患者CD8+ CD38+ CD8+ HLA-DR+比IV载量的相关性研究

目的 研究人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染者和获得性免疫缺陷综合征(AIDS,艾滋病)患者CD8+ T细胞激活分子CD38、人类白细胞Ⅱ类抗原(HLA-DR)与血浆HIV载量的相关性,分析用CD8+ CD38+、CD8+ HLA-DR+的比例替代HIV载量的可行性.方法 采集1998-2006年期间在北京协和医院初诊的HIV感染者或AIDS患者236例和56名同期健康献血员的抗凝静脉血,用流式细胞术分析CD8+ T细胞分别表达CD38和HLA-DR的比例,用分支DNA技术(bDNA)检测血浆病毒载量(VL).用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)分别预测VL＞1×103拷贝/mL、＞1×104拷贝/mL和＞1×105拷贝/mL时CD8+ CD38+、CD8+ HLA-DR+比例的临界值范围.结果 236例患者的CD4+ T细胞计数138(16,262)×106/L,显著低于对照组(P＜0.01);CD8+ T细胞计数618(353,879),显著高于对照组(P＜0.05);CD8+ CD38+、CD8+ HLA-DR+的比例分别为85.4%(72.5%,92.2%)和40.3%(17.5%,59.7%),显著高于对照组(P＜0.01),与HIV载量的相关性分别为0.429(P＜0.01)和0.282(P＜0.01).用CD8+ CD38+＞80.4%预测VL＞1×103拷贝/mL的敏感度和特异度为80.6%和75.0%;用CD8+ HLA-DR+预测VL＞1×105拷贝/mL的敏感度和特异度为78.7%和81.4%.结论 对HIV感染或AIDS初诊的患者可以尝试用CD38和HLA-DR激活亚群来预测血浆HIV载量,这种替代检测方法具有一定的可行性.     

重庆市HIV/AIDS病人首次病毒载量和CD_4~+T淋巴细胞检测结果及相关性

目的探讨重庆市艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染者/艾滋病(AIDS)病人(简称HIV/AIDS病人)外周血病毒载量(VL)和CD+4T淋巴细胞(简称CD4细胞)计数相关性。方法采用BD流式细胞仪和LightCycler PCR仪检测585例HIV/AIDS病人同期外周血CD4细胞及VL,分析其相关性。结果 48例VL低于试剂盒检测下限,537例能被定量检测。VL与CD4细胞总体呈显著负相关(r=-0.57,P0.01),不同CD4细胞区间VL值有显著性差异(χ2=134.29,P0.01),在CD4细胞≤200区间VL与CD4细胞呈显著负相关(r=-0.34,P0.01),CD4细胞在201~400区间二者无相关(r=-0.16,P=0.09),CD4细胞400区间二者呈负相关(r=-0.28,P=0.04)。结论 HIV/AIDS病人CD4细胞与VL在CD4细胞不同区间相关性表现各异,同时检测CD4细胞及VL有助于掌控病人病情变化和调整救治措施。     

HIV/AIDS病人血脂及C-反应蛋白的研究

目的研究艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染者/艾滋病(AIDS)病人(简称HIV/AIDS病人)血脂及C-反应蛋白(CRP)的水平,以探讨HIV/AIDS病人体内这些因子是否与CD4+T细胞数及高效抗反转录病毒治疗(HAART)相关。方法选取2005年1月至2009年12月,在上海市公共卫生临床中心就诊的HIV/AIDS病人348例,流式细胞仪检测CD4+T细胞数,采用全自动生化分析仪测定血脂含量,免疫分析仪测定血清CRP含量。统计分析血脂及CRP与CD4+T细胞数及HAART的关系。结果入选的348例HIV/AIDS病人CD4+T细胞数为47(14~165)个/μl,72例(20.7%)已经开始HAART,HAART时间为6(1-15.75)个月。HAART治疗组与未治疗组病人相比具有较高浓度的总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)和载脂蛋白(Apo)A1,P值分别为:0.0288、0.0004、0.0052。272例(78.2%)CD4+T细胞数≤200/μl病人与76例(21.8%)>200个/μl的病人相比,具有较低浓度的总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、载脂蛋白(Apo)A1高浓度CRP,P值分别为:0.0015、0.0000、0.0000、0.0156。多重线性回归分析将年龄、性别、吸烟因素调整后,表明HAART治疗同HDL(β=0.1476,P=0.004)、Apo-A1(β=0.1341,P=0.007)具有独立相关关系,CD4+T细胞数的变化同总胆固醇、HDL、LDL、Apo-A1、Apo-B具有独立相关关系。结论 HIV/AIDS病人CD4+T细胞数及开始HAART治疗同血脂及CRP浓度密切相关,HAART治疗有利于提高HDL、Apo-A1的水平。     

HIV/AIDS病人CD_4~+T淋巴细胞计数与HDL-C水平的相关性

目的探讨未经高效抗反转录病毒治疗(HAART)的艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染者/艾滋病(AIDS)病人(HIV/AIDS病人),不同CD+4T淋巴细胞(CD4细胞)水平的高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)的水平。方法选择未进行HAART的HIV/AIDS病人,同时检测CD4细胞计数和空腹血脂水平,比较不同CD4细胞水平的HIV/AIDS病人的血脂水平,重点观察HDL-C的变化。结果 CD4细胞计数与HDL-C水平呈正相关(P0.01),CD4细胞计数200/μL组的107例病人的HDL-C为(1.02±0.29)mmol/L,≤200/μL组的139例病人的HDL-C为(0.84±0.35)mmol/L,≤200/μL病人的HDL-C较200/μL病人明显降低(P0.01)。而CD4细胞计数在200~51/μL的病人HDL-C为(0.96±0.30)mmol/L,≤50/μL的病人HDL-C为(0.72±0.36)mmol/L,≤50/μL的HDL-C降低更明显(P0.01)。结论 HIV感染可导致血脂异常,HAART之前的HIV/AIDS病人中,主要是HDL-C及载脂蛋白A1的降低,随着CD4细胞计数减少,HDL-C水平随之降低,心血管疾病(CVD)的危险随之升高。     

Immunogenetics of HIV and HIV associated tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) is the frequent major opportunistic infection in HIV-infected patients, and is the leading cause of mortality among HIV-infected patients. Genetic susceptibility to TB in HIV negative subjects is well documented. Since coinfections can influence the way in which immune system respond to different pathogens, genetic susceptibility to TB in HIV patients might also change. Studies from India and other parts of the world have shown that genetic susceptibility to TB is influenced by HIV infection. In the present review, we emphasize the role of genetic factors in determining susceptibility to HIV infection, disease progression and development of TB in HIV-infected patients. Polymorphisms in human leukocyte antigen (HLA), MBL2, CD209, vitamin D receptor, cytokine, chemokine and chemokine receptor genes have been shown to be associated with development of TB in HIV patients. However, the results are inconclusive and larger well-defined studies with precise clinical data are required to validate these associations. Apart from candidate gene approach, genome-wide association studies are also needed to unravel the unknown or to establish the previously reported genetic associations with HIV associated TB. Despite the preliminary status of the reported associations, it is becoming clear that susceptibility to development of TB in HIV patients is influenced by both environmental and genetic components. Understanding the genetic and immunologic factors that influence susceptibility to TB in HIV patients could lead to novel insights for vaccine development as well as diagnostic advances to target treatment to those who are at risk for developing active disease.     

HIV disclosure among adults living with HIV

Research on disclosure among heterosexual adult person(s) living with HIV (PLH) was reviewed, omitting disclosure of parental HIV to children. Disclosure has been studied within five additional relational contexts: with partners, family members, friends, healthcare professionals and in work settings. Disclosure is higher among women than men, among Latino and white compared to African-American families, and among younger compared to older HIV-positive adults. Most PLH disclose to their sexual partners and family members, yet there is a significant minority who do not disclose. Similarly, rates of disclosure to employers range from 27-68%, suggesting broad variability in perceived consequences of employment disclosures. Of concern, 40% of PLH do not consistently disclose to their healthcare professionals. Rather than examine HIV disclosures in the context of relationships, it is possible to understand disclosures around personal identity. Disclosure decisions are often made to tell everyone (making HIV status a central attribute of one's identity), no one (requiring strategies for securing social support while remaining anonymous) or some people (requiring strategic decisions based on context). Given that disclosure decisions are central to personal identity, future data on disclosure and interventions designed to increase disclosure or comfort with disclosure must focus on communication strategies adopted by PLH to present a coherent identity.     

HIV Prevention Act would require HIV reporting

The HIV Prevention Act of 1997 proposes mandatory, confidential reporting of HIV infection, mandatory partner notification, and a provision that would allow providers to refuse to perform invasive treatment to patients who refuse an HIV test. The bill has been endorsed by the American Medical Association, and denounced by AIDS activists as punitive and detrimental to existing HIV prevention efforts.     

Management of the metabolic effects of HIV and HIV drugs

Morphologic and metabolic abnormalities, including subcutaneous adipose tissue wasting, central adipose tissue accumulation, dyslipidemia and disorders of glucose metabolism are common among HIV-infected patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and contribute to the risk of cardiovascular disease in this population. The pathogenesis of these disorders is due to complicated interactions between effects of chronic HIV infection, HAART medications and patient factors, including genetic susceptibility. HAART has transformed HIV into a chronic condition for many patients and as a result the majority of HIV-infected patients in many areas of the developed world will soon be aged ≥50 years. Given that metabolic and cardiovascular diseases increase with aging, knowledge of the optimal management of these conditions is essential for practitioners caring for HIV-infected patients, including endocrine subspecialists. This Review highlights the clinical management of these disorders, focusing on the latest evidence regarding the efficacy of treatment strategies, newly available medications and potential interactions between HAART medications and medications used to treat metabolic disorders.     

Racial heterogeneity of HIV antigenemia in people with HIV infection

We compared the prevalence of HIV p24 antigenemia in black and white US patients with HIV infection. The prevalence of HIV antigenemia increased with severity of HIV disease (P less than 0.001). In all clinical categories, whites were more likely to be HIV-antigenemic than blacks (overall prevalence 38 versus 18%; P less than 0.01). Anti-p24 antibodies were detected in a higher proportion of blacks (84%) than whites (65%; P = 0.02). Blacks had significantly higher total serum immunoglobulin levels than whites (median 3.8 versus 3.2 mg/dl; P less than 0.00001). Racial differences in HIV antigen expression may result from differences in humoral response to HIV infection. These differences should be considered when HIV antigen is used as a surrogate marker in clinical trials.