健康人Tp-Te间期和Tp-Te/QT比率的探讨

目的比较健康人标准心电图Tp-Te间期和Tp-Te/QT比率并探讨其临床意义。方法随机抽取36～75岁健康人60例,做标准12导联心电图,分别测量V2和V6导联的QT间期、Q-Tp间期（即QRS波的起点至T波顶点的时间间期）,按QT间期减Q-Tp间期的差值计算Tp-Te间期,按Tp-Te间期/QT间期计算其比率,并分别比较2个导联以及不同性别之间的Tp-Te间期和Tp-Te/QT比率。结果①V2导联的Tp-Te间期和Tp-Te/QT比率大于V6导联,并且差异有统计学意义[分别为（93±15）比（69±55）ms,P〈0.05;（0.24±0.04）比（0.17±0.06）ms,P〈0.05]。②V2导联的Tp-Te间期和Tp-Te/QT比率均为男性比女性长（P〈0.05）。结论提供健康人Tp-Te间期和Tp-Te/QT比率重要信息供临床参考。     

急性肺栓塞的心电图分析

目的观察急性肺栓塞的心电图变化及临床应用。方法对我院6年内28例急性肺栓塞患者的基础疾病及临床表现、心电图进行了统计学分析，并通过cT、B超及肺动脉造影确诊。结果Ⅰ导联S波加深〉1．5mV占75．0％，前胸导连T波倒置占75．0％，V1导联R波增高RV1〉1．5mV占53．6％，S1QⅢTⅢ改变占35．7％，心电轴右偏占35．7％，完全性及不完全性右束支阻滞占7．1％。其中胸前导联V4-V6T波倒置中8例最终确诊大块肺栓塞。结论心电图是APE诊治中一项重要检测手段，充分利用心电图中胸前导联T波倒置，在判断APE严重程度上具有重要的临床意义。     

性别对右胸导联心电图T波形态及变化规律的影响

目的探讨正常人右胸导联心电图男女T波形态及变化规律。方法测量900例正常人右胸导联心电图,男女各450例,分析T波形态及变化规律。结果V3R→V6R直立T波出现率逐渐减少,倒置T波出现率逐渐增多。女性以倒置T波为主,男性直立T波多见,二者比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。V3R→V6R的T波可均倒置,女性多于男性（P〈0．01）;也可由直立→双相→平坦→倒置,男性多于女性（P〈0．01）,但未见由倒置→直立。结论正常人右胸导联心电图T波形态男女差异显著,应引起临床注意。     

心尖肥厚型心肌病的心电图特征

目的:探讨心尖型心肌病患者的心电图特征性改变及其临床意义。方法:对18例心尖肥厚型心肌病患者的12导联常规心电图进行分析。结果:患者胸前导联R波电压增高伴ST段下移、T波对称性倒置且呈V4>V5>V3改变。结论:常规心电图示胸前导联R波电压增高伴ST-T符合上述特征性改变对心尖肥厚型心肌病的诊断有重要意义。     

中国人不同年龄和性别正常人心电图QRS波

目的 :建立中国人不同年龄和性别正常心电图QRS波标准。方法 :4 3 2 2例自出生至 85岁不同年龄和性别健康人 14导联心电图QRS波 ,分 11个年龄组进行分析统计。结果 :QRS波振幅及心电轴均有明显的年龄和性别差异。QRS波振幅随年龄的增减女性出现早于男性。新生儿阶段 ,QRS波振幅女婴 >男婴 ,青春期及中年人男性 >女性 ,婴幼儿及老年人性别差异相对不明显。本资料与欧美人心电图比较 ,QRS波振幅有明显的差别。结论 :根据年龄和性别建立的中国人正常心电图QRS标准可供临床应用。     

心电图对心尖肥厚型心肌病的诊断价值

目的分析心尖肥厚型心肌病患者心电图特点,探讨心电图对心尖肥厚型心肌病的诊断价值。方法对武威市人民医院56例心尖肥厚型心肌病患者（观察组）和同期进行健康体检者56名受试者（对照组）的心电图资料进行回顾性分析,比较两组人群心电图的变化情况,观察胸前导联最大QRS波群振幅、各导联ST段水平、T波形态和振幅。结果观察组患者心电图主要表现为胸前导联巨大的T波倒置并伴ST段下移以及左室高电压现象：心前导联QRS波群时间延长,且QRS波群振幅在不同导联上变化明显,都超过正常值;在ST段上,分别表现在V3～V6和Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF下移;且有42例V3～V6T波倒置,其中,36例倒置T波深达10～16mm。结论心电图对诊断心尖肥厚型心肌病具有重要的临床价值,对有心肌病的患者及早行心电图检查可提高本疾病的诊断率。     

心尖肥厚型心肌病的心电图特点（附31例报告）

目的 探讨心尖肥厚型心肌病(AHCM)与心电图(ECG)异常的关系,提高对AHCM的诊断识别,减少误、漏诊.方法 对 31 例AHCM患者的ECG资料进行分析.结果 全部患者均合并有ECG异常改变(100%);胸前导联(V3～V6)T 波倒置(0.1～2.8 mV),且以V3、V4、V5导联T波倒置最为明显;上述导联ST段压低(0.05～0.4 mV);V3～V5导联R 波振幅明显增高;所有左心尖肥厚型病例均无异常Q波,1例全心尖肥厚型可见病理性Q波.合并心房纤颤2例(6.5%).结论 标准12导联ECG显示胸导联V3～V5R波振幅增高伴对称深倒置T波,要高度考虑AHCM的可能,ECG异常与心尖肥厚型心肌病具有相关性,是AHCM的首要诊断依据.     

超声速度向量成像对女性患者T波倒置左心室收缩同步性研究

目的应用超声速度向量成像(velocity vector imaging,VVI)技术评价心电图胸前导联T波倒置患者左心室不同步状态,为明确缺血性心脏病临床诊断和治疗提供更为深入可靠的量化评价和疗效观察指标。方法心电图胸前导联T波倒置女性患者共计113例,分为三个试验组:V1~6T波倒置组(A组)50例、V1~4T波倒置组(B组)31例、V3~6T波倒置组(C组)32例;另外选取对照组40例。采集三个心动周期标准左心室短轴二尖瓣、乳头肌、心尖水平切面二维灰阶动态图像;应用VVI成像软件对图像分析处理并获得左心室短轴三个水平共18个节段的收缩期径向应变达峰时间(PTrs)、周向应变达峰时间(PTcs)。计算左室18个节段PTrs、PTcs的标准差(PTrs-SD、PTcs-SD)。结果各试验组左室心肌收缩不同步指标(PTrs-SD、PTcs-SD)与对照组相比均增大,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.01);与对照组相比,V1~6T波倒置组中前壁(基底段、中间段)、前间隔(基底段、中间段)及前侧壁(基底段)PTrs、前间隔(中间段)PTcs、后间隔(中间段)PTcs均发生了延迟,差异具有统计学意义(P=0.00~002);V1~4T波倒置组中的前间隔(中间段)与V3~6T波倒置组中前侧壁(心尖段)的PTrs均发生了延迟,差异具有统计学意义(P=0.02~0.03)。各试验组周向及径向应变峰值时间顺序均大致按顺时针和逆时针两个方向,V1~6T波倒置组与V1~4T波倒置组PTrs与PTcs的起源均为后壁,最后到达前间隔;而V3~6T波倒置组PTrs与PTcs的起源均为前壁,最后到达分别为后间隔、前侧壁。对照组峰值顺序以顺时针方向为主,起点为前壁,最后到达后间隔。结论心电图胸前导联T波倒置女性患者左心室收缩不同步,其周径向应变达峰时间顺序与对照组不一致;电活动异常范围可间接反映机械运动不同步范围。     

浅谈心电图高耸T波的临床意义

<正> 临床工作发现心电图(ECG)中出现高耸T波并非少见,虽然有的书上记载标准肢导联T波大于0.7毫伏,加压单极肢导联大于0.5毫伏,胸前导联大于2.0毫伏称高耸T波。但从各种书刊上难以找到各种疾病高耸T波的诊断标准。所以,对于心肌梗塞、脑血管疾患,高钾血症等疾病中出现的高耸T波而不能及时做出正确的早期诊断,以至延误病情,现将近两年来发现的典型病历总结如下。     

六导联胸部阻抗微分图的波形分析

目的 对六导联胸部阻抗微分图进行波形分析。方法 选择63例心功能正常成年人为受试者,按性别分为2组:男性组32例、女性组31例。采用由3个电流电极和12个电压电极构成的六导联同步检测六路胸部阻抗容积图,然后利用软件微分得到六导联的微分图。对各导联的基础阻抗（Z0）、波幅（C波、X波、O波）、Q-Z间期等进行统计分析。结果 各导联的微分波形态、Z0、C波幅度、Q-Z间期基本一致（P>0.05）。女性组Z0及C波、X波、O波的幅度均显著大于男性组（P<0.05）,但女性组Q-Z间期显著小于男性组（P<0.001）。左侧导联（E1-E′1、E2-E′2、E3-E′3）的X波幅度大于右侧导联（E4-E′4、E5-E′5、E6-E′6）,其中E1-E′1与E5-E′5差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。各导联的O波幅度差别较大,其中E1-E′1导联的O波幅度最大,而E4-E′4导联的最小,二者比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）。结论 六导联胸部阻抗微分图可为胸部阻抗图的波形重建奠定基础。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.