弓形虫真核表达质粒pcDNA3／GRA1的构建及序列测定

目的：构建弓形虫致密颗粒抗原-1(GRA1)真核表达质粒，为进一步开展DNA疫苗的保护性研究打下基础。方法：采用PCR扩增出编码GRAl目的基因，用EcoR Ⅰ／XhoⅠ分别对扩增产物和真核表达质粒pcDNA3进行双酶切，将GRA1定向克隆到pcDNA3 EcoRⅠ／XhoⅠ位点；对重组质粒进行PCR，双酶切初步鉴定后做序列测定。结果：特异扩增出预计的GRAl片段，大小为573bp；扩增产物双酶切后成功连接到pcDNA3中，经PCR，双酶切及序列测定结果表明重组质粒中含有GRA1读框。结论：成功构建弓形虫GRAl真核表达质粒。     

抑癌基因FHIT真核表达质粒的构建

目的 构建抑癌基因FHIT真核表达质粒pHCMVsp1A-FHIT。方法 用限制性内切酶EcoRⅠ酶切抑癌基因FHIT的克隆载体pGEM-FHIT获得FHIT基因片段,长度为0.9kb,将其插入真核表达载体pHCMVsp1A CMV启动子的下游,用HindⅢ酶切鉴定FHIT基因插入方向。结果 PCR扩增及EcoRⅠ、HindⅢ酶切鉴定证实FHIT基因以正确方向插入表达质粒pHCMV1A中。结论 成功构建抑癌基因FHIT真核表达质粒pHCMVsp1A-FHIT,为研究FHIT的抑癌作用提供有效的分子工具。     

小鼠cyclin A2正义和反义真核表达载体的构建及鉴定

目的构建小鼠cyclin A2的正义和反义真核表达载体。方法采用小鼠胚胎组织取材,提取总RNA。设计引物,采用RT-PCR方法扩增小鼠cyclin A2 mRNA得到cyclin A2的DNA,将此DNA插入pGEM-T载体,转化入JM109感受态细菌。将鉴定得到的重组质粒进行扩增,EcoRⅠ酶切后,回收cyclin A2目的片段亚克隆入pcDNA3.1真核表达载体。酶切筛选鉴定重组的真核表达载体pcDNA3.1-cyclin A2。结果将小鼠基因的开放阅读框(ORF)重组到真核表达载体pcDNA3.1内,用EcoRⅠ酶切重组质粒后可得到一接近1660 bp的DNA条带,核酸测序证实和GenBank所公布序列相符。HindⅢ酶切鉴定重组质粒后,证明分别为正向和反向插入载体的质粒。DNA测序证明构建的真核表达载体pcDNA3.1-cyclin A2的序列是正确的。结论成功构建了小鼠cyclin A2的正义和反义真核表达载体。     

弓形虫真核表达质粒pcDNA3/GRA1的构建及序列测定

目的 :构建弓形虫致密颗粒抗原 1 (GRA1 )真核表达质粒 ,为进一步开展DNA疫苗的保护性研究打下基础。方法 :采用PCR扩增出编码GRA1目的基因 ,用EcoRⅠ /XhoⅠ分别对扩增产物和真核表达质粒pcDNA3进行双酶切 ,将GRA1定向克隆到pcDNA3EcoRⅠ /XhoⅠ位点 ;对重组质粒进行PCR ,双酶切初步鉴定后做序列测定。结果 :特异扩增出预计的GRA1片段 ,大小为 5 73bp ;扩增产物双酶切后成功连接到pcDNA3中 ,经PCR ,双酶切及序列测定结果表明重组质粒中含有GRA1读框。结论 :成功构建弓形虫GRA1真核表达质粒。     

重组脂联素真核表达质粒的构建与鉴定

目的构建重组人脂联素(ADPN)真核表达质粒,为进一步研究ADPN的功能提供实验基础.方法应用限制性内切酶双酶切载有人脂联素cDNA的重组克隆质粒pMD 18-T和真核表达质粒pcDNA 3.1 ,回收目的基因片段与线性化的真核表达质粒,经连接、转化大肠杆菌JM109,筛选阳性克隆,经酶切和核苷酸序列测定鉴定.结果重组真核表达质粒经HindⅢ、EcoRⅠ酶切后获得5.4 kb和800 bp两个片段,大小与理论值一致,并经核苷酸序列测定证实.结论成功地构建了人重组脂联素真核表达质粒.     

LMP-3功能区真核表达质粒的构建

目的:构建LMP-3功能区真核表达重组质粒.方法:设计合成LMP-3活性区引物,应用PCR方法,扩增其基因片段,亚克隆至真核表达质粒pEGFP-N1,最终构建重组表达质粒pEGFP-N1-LMP-3,同时进行酶切鉴定和测序.结果:PCR扩增LMP-3基因序列正确,构建的重组表达质粒pEGFP-N1-LMP-3经EcoR Ⅰ和HindⅢ双酶切及测序鉴定正确.结论:成功获得真核表达重组质粒pEGFP-N1-LMP-3,为进一步研究其成骨功能奠定基础.     

诱导型一氧化氮合酶基因真核表达载体的构建

目的 构建含有人诱导型一氧化氮合酶基因真核表达载体pcDNA3-iNOS。方法 采用分子生物学技术，以Hind Ⅲ和XbI I双酶切pSPORT-iNOS，电泳回收3．96kb编码人iNOS cDNA序列．克隆入真核表达栽体pcDNA3的Hind Ⅲ和XbI I位点。结果 重组真核表达载体pcDNA3-iNOS经酶切鉴定证明iNOS基因正向插入真核表达载体中，用人iNOS基因特异性引物，PCR分析重组质粒和进行碱基序列的测定均证明重组质粒中含有人iNOS基因序列。结论 构建的真核表达栽体携有人iNOS cDNA序列，并且含有巨细胞病毒强启动子、ploy(A)加接信号和neo标志基因，具有转染多种哺乳类细胞通用性，可用于iNOS基因的真核表达及调控的研究。     

肾上腺髓质素真核表达质粒的构建及其在大鼠近端肾小管上皮细胞中的表达

目的构建大鼠肾上腺髓质素(ADM)真核表达质粒,观察其在大鼠近端肾小管上皮细胞(NRK-52E)中的表达。方法提取大鼠肾上腺组织总RNA,RT-PCR扩增ADM全长cDNA;将扩增产物连接于pMT-18T载体,双酶切及测序鉴定重组质粒。用限制性内切酶BamHⅠ/EcoRⅠ分别对pMT-18T-ADM和真核表达质粒pcDNA3.1双酶切;将目的基因定向克隆到pcDNA3.1载体上;对重组质粒进行双酶切鉴定。将重组质粒通过脂质体介导转染NRK-52E,RT-PCR检测ADM表达。结果特异扩增出ADM片段,大小为585 bp;片段成功插入pcDNA3.1载体中。RT-PCR方法证明NRK-52E中存在ADM高表达。结论成功构建大鼠ADM真核表达质粒,并将其成功转染NRK-52E。     

MGMT反义RNA真核表达载体的构建与鉴定

目的：探讨反义RNA逆转胶质瘤细胞耐药的可能性，构建MGMT反义RNA的真核表达载体。方法：以Xho Ⅰ和PvuⅡ双酶切质粒pHM14，回收178bp的片段，定向插入以HpaⅠ和XhoⅠ双酶切pLXSN所获得的线性化载体，构建针对MGMTmRNA5′端的反义表达载体pLaMT5SN；以EcoRⅠ单酶切pHM14，回收779bp的片段，插入以EcoRⅠ单酶切pLXSN并经CIAP去磷酸化的线性载体，构建针对MGMTmRNA全长序列的反义表达载体pLaMTSN。结果：pLaMT5SN经HindⅢ酶切可见370bp的片段；pLaMTSN经PCR扩增证明目的片段反向插入pLXSN，鉴定结果表明构建成功。结论：成功构建了两个MGMT反义RNA的真核表达载体，为研究MGMT反义RNA逆转胶质瘤耐药细胞的耐药表型提供了良好的实验材料。     

丙型肝炎病毒C，E2，NS3区基因嵌合重组载体的构建

目的：构建包含丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）C区、E2区及NS3区的嵌合重组载体。方法：设计合成3对寡核苷酸引物，用PCR法从HCV重组质粒pHCVc、pBE2和pGMXNS3-5中特异扩增出编码HCV C区、E2和NS3区抗原的部分基因片段（501、603和900bp)，分别用HindⅢ、BamHⅠ、EcoRⅠ和XhoⅠ酶切后，逐个定向连接到质粒pcDNA3中，转化宿主菌XL1－Blue，分别用上述内切酶酶切及DNA测序鉴定重组质粒。结果：酶切鉴定示所切下的片段大小与预计相符，测序结果与文献报道序列及预计结果一致，证实符合表达框架。结论成功构建了HCV嵌合重组质粒pcDNA3-C-E2-NS3.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.