Specificity of regulatory CD4+CD25+ T cells for self-T cell receptor determinants

Although the phenotypic and regulatory properties of the CD4(+)CD25(+) T cell lineage (Treg cells) have been well described, the specificities remain largely unknown. We demonstrate here that the CD4(+)CD25(+) Treg population includes the recognition of a broad spectrum of human TCR CDR2 determinants found in the germline V gene repertoire as well as that of a clonotypic nongermline-encoded CDR3beta sequence present in a recombinant soluble T cell receptor (TCR) protein. Regulatory activity was demonstrated in T cell lines responsive to TCR but not in T cell lines responsive to control antigens. Inhibitory activity of TCR-reactive T cells required cell-cell contact and involved CTLA-4, GITR, IL-10, and IL-17. Thus, the T-T regulatory network includes Treg cells with specificity directed toward self-TCR determinants.     

FoxP3+ CD4+ CD25+调节性T细胞在重症肌无力发病机制中的作用

目的 在细胞与分子水平检验重症肌无力(myasthenia gravis,MG)患者外周血中CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞(CD4+CD25+Tregs)的表达缺陷,探讨CD4+CD25+Tregs亚群异常与MG发病间的关系.方法 流式细胞技术检测21例MG患者(11例经胸腺切除)与20名健康对照者(healthy controls,HCs)外周血CD4+CD25+Tregs及FoxP3+CD4+CD25+Tregs含量,实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(RT-FQ-PCR)分析MG患者与HCs外周血CD4+CD25+Tregs中FoxP3 mRNA的表达.结果 MG患者外周血CD4+CD25+ Tregs占CD4+T细胞含量与HCs比较无统计学差异(P＞0.05).MG患者外周血FoxP3+CD4+CD25+ Tregs含量及FoxP3 mRNA表达量与HCs比较均显著性降低(P＜0.05);胸腺切除的MG患者与未经胸腺切除的MG患者外周血FoxP3+CD4+CD25+ Tregs含量及FoxP3mRNA表达量无统计学差异(P＞0.05).结论 MG患者外周血CD4+CD25+ Tregs数量正常,但其表面分子FoxP3的表达下调,这种CD4+CD25+ Tregs亚群的异常发现有助于深入阐明MG的免疫发病机制.     

Secondary progressive in contrast to relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients show a normal CD4+CD25+ regulatory T-cell function and FOXP3 expression

Accumulating evidence indicates an immunosuppressive role for CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) in autoimmune diseases. Although an impaired Treg function in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RR-MS) has been reported recently, no information is available so far about Treg function in the progressive stage of the disease. In the present study, the phenotypic and functional characteristics of CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells isolated from the peripheral blood of patients with RR-MS and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SP-MS) were investigated. No significant quantitative or phenotypic abnormalities in CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells from RR- and SP-MS patients were detected. However, whereas a reduced suppressor function of CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells toward proliferation and interferon-gamma production of CD4(+)CD25(-) responder T cells was found in RR-MS patients, SP-MS patients showed a normal Treg function. The suppressive capacity of MS-derived CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells was correlated with disease duration but not with age, indicating that Treg function is more affected in the early phase of the disease process. Consistently with the suppressive capacity, CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells from SP-MS patients showed normal levels of FOXP3 mRNA in contrast to RR-MS patients that had a reduced FOXP3 expression. These data are the first to demonstrate differences in function and FOXP3 expression of CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells from patients with RR- and SP-MS.     

Paralysis of CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cell response in chronic autoimmune encephalomyelitis

Increasing evidence strongly suggest that CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T (Treg) cells play a pivotal role in suppressing the development of autoimmune diseases. However, it remains poorly understood how these cells are involved in the persistence of, or recovery from, the diseases. In the present study, we examined the role of CD4(+)CD25(+) Treg cells in chronic EAE and compared the results with those obtained in acute EAE. In EAE lesions, CD25(+) cells decreased rapidly at the beginning of chronic EAE, whereas these cells were maintained at high levels during the recovery from acute EAE. The number of Foxp3(+)CD4(+)CD25(+) Treg and levels of Foxp3 mRNA in the lymphoid organ were significantly lower in chronic EAE. Importantly, the regulatory function of individual CD4(+)CD25(+) Treg cells was maintained in animals with chronic EAE. Furthermore, adoptive transfer of activated CD4(+)CD25(+) Treg cells suppressed the development of chronic EAE. These findings suggest that impairment of the CD4(+)CD25(+) Treg response is critical for development of chronic autoimmune diseases, and can be adjustable by autologous Treg transplantation.     

Impairment of circulating CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells in patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy

Abstract   Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) is an immune-mediated peripheral nervous system disease. CD4⁺CD25⁺ T regulatory cells (Tregs) have been unequivocally shown to be critical in maintaining immune tolerance and preventing auto-immune diseases by suppressing self-reactive T cells. Thus, we hypothesized that the numbers and/or the function of Tregs would be deranged during the progressive or relapse phases of CIDP. The number of Tregs was determined by flow cytometry according to their characteristic CD4⁺CD25^high membrane phenotype. Functional characterization of Tregs was analyzed by suppression of proliferation and secretion of cytokines by co-cultured effector CD4⁺CD25⁻ T cells. FOXP3 message expression level was assessed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The results showed significant reduction in both the number and the suppressive function of Tregs in the patients with CIDP compared with healthy controls. Also, Tregs isolated from CIDP patients expressed lower levels of FoxP3 mRNA. During the progressive or the relapsing phases of CIDP, the number of Tregs was reduced, and the suppressive function of them decreased. These findings may be helpful to our understanding of the possible role of Tregs in the pathogenesis of CIDP.     

High cell surface expression of CD4 allows distinction of CD4(+)CD25(+) antigen-specific effector T cells from CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells in murine experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

Analysis of T regulatory cells (Treg) and T effector cells (Teff) in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis is complicated by the fact that both cell types express CD4 and CD25. We demonstrate that encephalitogenic T cells, following antigen recognition, up-regulate cell surface expression of CD4. The CD4(high) sub-population contains all of the antigen response as shown by proliferation and cytokine secretion, and only these cells are capable of transferring EAE to naive animals. On the other hand, a FACS separable CD25(+) sub-population of cells displayed consistent levels of CD4 prior to and after antigen stimulation. These cells displayed characteristics of Treg, such as expressing high levels of the Foxp3 gene and the ability to suppress mitogenic T cell responses.     

Reduced Cd4+Cd25+ T cells in patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

Immunoregulatory CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells play an important role in the induction and maintenance of peripheral self-tolerance. These professional regulatory cells prevent the activation and proliferation of potentially autoreactive T cells that have escaped thymic deletion. Therefore, CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells are believed to possibly play an important role in pathogenic autoimmune diseases. We measured the count of CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells in 44 patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), and the number of CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells and clinical features were then analyzed. By using a flow cytometric analysis, the number of CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells in the patients with ITP showed a very wide distribution in comparison to healthy volunteers. The number of CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells was significantly lower in the ITP patients in the severe phase, and in patients positive for anti-glycoprotein IIb-IIIa antibody. However, the number of those cells increased in the patients at the complete remission phase, especially after a splenectomy. The Foxp3 mRNA levels of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of ITP patients were higher with an improved platelet count than in those with a low platelet count. In addition, the Foxp3 mRNA levels closely correlated with the number of CD4(+)CD25(+) cells. These mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated, however, the count of CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells is considered to possibly be related to the severity of ITP.     

Phenotype of CD4+ T cell subsets that develop following mouse facial nerve axotomy

We have previously shown that CD4(+) T helper (Th) 2 cells, but not Th1 cells, participate in the rescue of mouse facial motoneurons (FMN) from axotomy-induced cell death. Recently, a number of other CD4(+) T cell subsets have been identified in addition to the Th1 and Th2 effector subsets, including Th17, inducible T regulatory type 1 (Tr1), and naturally thymus-born Foxp3(+) regulatory (Foxp3(+) Treg) cells. These subsets regulate the nature of a T cell-mediated immune response. Th1 and Th17 cells are pro-inflammatory subsets, while Th2, Tr1, and Foxp3(+) Treg cells are anti-inflammatory subsets. Pro-inflammatory responses in the central nervous system are thought to be neurodestructive, while anti-inflammatory responses are considered neuroprotective. However, it remains to be determined if another CD4(+) T cell subset, other than the Th2 cell, develops after peripheral nerve injury and participates in FMN survival. In the present study, we used FACS analysis to determine the temporal frequency of Th1, Th17, Th2, Tr1 and Foxp3(+) Treg CD4(+) T cell subset development in C57BL/6 wild type mice after facial nerve transection at the stylomastoid foramen in the mouse. The results indicate that all of the known CD4(+) T cell subsets develop and expand in number within the draining lymph node, with a peak in number primarily at 7 days postoperative (dpo), followed by a decline at 9 dpo. In addition to the increase in subset frequency over time, FACS analysis of individual cells showed that the level of cytokine expressed per cell also increased for interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-17, but not IL-4. Additional control double-cytokine labeling experiments were done which indicate that, at 7dpo, the majority of cells indeed have committed to a specific phenotype and express only 1 cytokine. Collectively, our findings indicate for the first time that there is no preferential activation and expansion of any single CD4(+) T cell subset after peripheral nerve injury but, rather, that both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory CD4(+) T cells develop.     

重症肌无力患者外周血CD4+T细胞OX40的表达及作用机制研究

目的 分析重症肌无力(MG)患者外周血CD4+T细胞协同刺激分子OX40表达及其对FoxP3+CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞(Treg)的调控作用,初步探讨OX40在MG免疫学发病中的作用机制.方法 以流式细胞技术检测42例MG患者及38名健康对照的外周血OX40+CD4+T细胞、FoxP3+CD4+CD25+Treg表达水平,比较OX40表达在MG患者不同临床疾病状态、Osserman分型、临床绝对评分、胸腺病理类型等情况下的差异,并分析OX40对FoxP3+CD4+CD25+Treg细胞的影响.结果 (1) MG患者外周血OX40+CD4+T细胞占淋巴细胞百分比高于健康对照组(P<0.01).(2)MG患者OX40+CD4+T细胞百分比在发作或加重期高于缓解期(P＜0.05);在临床绝对评分呈中、重度患者OX40+CD4+T细胞百分比高于轻度患者(均P＜0.05);Osserman Ⅱ、Ⅳ型患者OX40+CD4+T细胞百分比高于Ⅰ型患者(均P＜0.05);胸腺增生及胸腺瘤患者OX40+CD4+T细胞百分比高于胸腺正常患者(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).(3)MG患者外周血OX40+CD4+T细胞百分比与FoxP3+CD4+CD25+Treg细胞百分比呈负相关(r=-0.843,P=0.01).结论 协同刺激分子OX40参与MG发病,可能通过抑制FoxP3+CD4+CD25+Treg细胞生成发挥作用.     

CD4+T-bet+, CD4+pSTAT3+ and CD8+T-bet+ T cells accumulate in peripheral blood during NZB treatment

Circulating T cells and monocytes expressing T-bet, pSTAT1 and pSTAT3 increase in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) during relapse. Natalizumab (NZB) is an effective drug in RRMS, but exacerbation of the disease after its discontinuation has been described in some patients. The aim of this research was to study the effect of NZB treatment on circulating lymphomonocyte subpopulations expressing T-bet, pSTAT1, pSTAT3 and CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate the percentages of circulating CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, CD14+ monocytes and B cells expressing T-bet, pSTAT1, and pSTAT3, and CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells from RRMS patients before and after 6-12 NZB infusions. In NZB-treated RRMS patients, the percentages of CD4+pSTAT1+ and CD8+pSTAT1+ T cells, CD14+pSTAT1+ monocytes, CD4+T-bet+, CD8+T-bet+ and CD4+pSTAT3+ T cells and CD14+pSTAT3+ monocytes increased after 12 drug infusions and were similar to those observed in untreated relapsing RRMS patients. Otherwise in vitro NZB exposure of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from untreated RRMS patients and controls had no effect. It was concluded that NZB treatment determines an accumulation of CD4+pSTAT1+, CD8+pSTAT1+, CD4+T-bet+, CD8+T-bet+ and CD4+STAT3+ T cells in peripheral blood that may account for the exacerbation of the disease observed in some patients after the discontinuation of the drug.     

Functional assay for human CD4+CD25+ Treg cells reveals an age-dependent loss of suppressive activity

CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Treg cells) prevent T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases in rodents. To develop a functional Treg assay for human blood cells, we used FACS- or bead-sorted CD4+CD25+ T cells from healthy donors to inhibit anti-CD3/CD28 activation of CD4+CD25- indicator T cells. The data clearly demonstrated classical Treg suppression of CD4+CD25- indicator cells by both CD4+CD25(+high) and CD4+CD25(+low) T cells obtained by FACS or magnetic bead sorting. Suppressive activity was found in either CD45RO- (naive) or CD45RO+ (memory) subpopulations, was independent of the TCR signal strength, required cell-cell contact, and was reversible by interleukin-2 (IL-2). Of general interest is that a wider sampling of 27 healthy donors revealed an age- but not gender-dependent loss of suppressive activity in the CD4+CD25+ population. The presence or absence of suppressive activity in CD4+CD25+ T cells from a given donor could be demonstrated consistently over time, and lack of suppression was not due to method of sorting, strength of signal, or sensitivity of indicator cells. Phenotypic markers did not differ on CD4+CD25+ T cells tested ex vivo from suppressive vs. nonsuppressive donors, although, upon activation in vitro, suppressive CD4+CD25+ T cells had significantly higher expression of both CTLA-4 and GITR than CD4+CD25- T cells from the same donors. Moreover, antibody neutralization of CTLA-4, GITR, IL-10, or IL-17 completely reversed Treg-induced suppression. Our results are highly consistent with those reported for murine Treg cells and are the first to demonstrate that suppressive activity of human CD4+CD25+ T cells declines with age.     

睾丸内胰岛移植对CD4+ CD25+调节性T细胞分布的影响

背景：CD4+ CD25+调节性T细胞是维持机体免疫耐受的重要调控者，参与了多种移植免疫耐受的诱导。 目的：拟观察小鼠睾丸内胰岛移植后CD4+ CD25+调节性T细胞分布的特点。 设计、时间及地点：观察对照动物实验，2007-04/2008-01在江西省实验动物中心完成。 材料：成年Balb/c小鼠。 方法：分离小鼠胰岛细胞，采用胰管内注射胶原酶水浴消化及Ficoll 400不连续密度梯度离心法纯化，以双硫腙染色，计算胰岛细胞纯度，以体外葡萄糖刺激胰岛素分泌试验判定胰岛细胞功能。将胰岛移植至小鼠睾丸或肾包膜下，每只移植300~400个胰岛。在胰岛移植24 h后麻醉处死小鼠，取脾脏、睾丸及淋巴结，制成细胞悬液，免疫磁珠法分离CD4+CD25+ T细胞，通过流式细胞仪分析计数。 主要观察指标：胰岛细胞的纯度及功能，CD4+ CD25+调节性T细胞的分布。 结果：纯化后每只胰腺获得(478±53)个胰岛细胞，纯度为(81.5±12.3)%，纯化后细胞形态完好，活度大于90%。睾丸内胰岛移植时，睾丸、淋巴结及脾脏中CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞均显著增多（P < 0.05~0.01）。 结论：睾丸内胰岛移植能明显上调睾丸、淋巴结及脾脏中CD4+ CD25+调节性T细胞数量。     

肾移植患者外周血中的CD4+ CD25+ CD127low/-调节性T细胞

背景：越来越多的实验在分析免疫耐受标志,以期能够更好地辅助患者进行移植后免疫抑制治疗。 目的：分析肾移植后患者外周血中CD4+ CD25+ CD127low/-调节性T细胞在肾移植免疫耐受中的作用。 方法：采集62例肾移植后患者(急性排斥反应组22例,移植稳定组40例)及20例健康对照者的外周抗凝血,经免疫染色,应用流式细胞仪分析CD4+ CD25+ CD127low/-调节性T细胞所占CD4+ T细胞百分含量,同时采用ELISA方法检测患者血清中白细胞介素2和白细胞介素10的质量浓度。 结果与结论：移植稳定组中CD4+ CD25+ CD127low/-调节性T细胞所占CD4+ T细胞百分含量显著高于健康对照组和急性反应排斥组(P < 0.01);CD4+ CD25+ CD127low/-调节性T细胞百分含量与白细胞介素2呈显著负相关(P < 0.05),与白细胞介素10呈显著正相关(P < 0.01)。提示CD4+ CD25+ CD127low/-调节性T细胞在肾移植后免疫耐受的机制中发挥了一定作用。     

Regulatory T lymphocytes from ALS mice suppress microglia and effector T lymphocytes through different cytokine-mediated mechanisms

Activated microglia and infiltrating lymphocytes are neuropathological hallmarks of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a fatal motoneuron disease. Although both cell types play pivotal roles in the ALS pathogenic process, the interactions between microglia and lymphocytes, specifically regulatory CD4(+)CD25(High) T lymphocytes (Tregs) and cytotoxic CD4(+)CD25(-) T lymphocytes (Teffs), have not been addressed. When co-cultured with mSOD1 adult microglia, mSOD1 Tregs suppressed the cytotoxic microglial factors NOX2 and iNOS through an IL-4-mediated mechanism, whereas Teffs were only minimally effective; IL-4 inhibitory antibodies blocked the suppressive function of mSOD1 Tregs, and conditioned media from mSOD1 Tregs or the addition of IL-4 reduced microglial NOX2 expression. During the stable disease phase, the total number of Tregs, specifically the numbers of CD4(+)CD25(High)IL-4(+), CD4(+)CD25(High)IL-10(+) and CD4(+)CD25(High)TGF-β(+) Tregs, were increased in ALS mice compared with WT mice; Tregs isolated during this phase reduced Teff proliferation. In contrast, during the rapidly progressing phase, the number of mSOD1 Tregs decreased while the proliferation of mSOD1 Teffs increased. The combination of IL-4, IL-10, and TGF-β was required to inhibit the proliferation of mSOD1 Teffs by mSOD1 Tregs that were isolated during the slow phase, while inhibition of mSOD1 Teffs by mSOD1 Tregs during the rapid phase, as well as WT Teffs, was not dependent on these factors. Thus, mSOD1 Tregs at the slow phase suppressed microglial toxicity and SOD1 Teff proliferation through different mechanisms; microglial activation was suppressed through IL-4 whereas mSOD1 Teffs were suppressed by IL-4, IL-10 and TGF-β. These data suggest that mSOD1 Tregs contribute to the slowly progressing phase in ALS mice and may offer a novel therapeutic option for ALS patients.     

多发性硬化患者外周血CD4+CD25+ T细胞变化及其机制探讨

目的探讨多发性硬化(MS)患者外周血CD4 CD25 T细胞数量及叉头样转录因子(FOXP3)表达水平与MS病情的关系。方法选择温州地区MS患者44例(男12例、女32例),均按Poser诊断标准诊断,结合头颅MRI增强扫描排除合并其他神经系统和免疫系统疾病,并统一行EDSS评分;对照组43例(男13例、女30例)为健康查体者。具体方法:流式细胞仪检测外周血CD4 CD25 T细胞数量;免疫磁珠法分离CD4 CD25 T细胞;RT-PCR法检测CD4 CD25 T细胞FOXP3 mRNA表达并进行半定量分析。结果MS患者外周血中CD4 CD25 调节性T细胞数量与对照组比较无明显变化(P>0.05);活化的效应性T细胞数量增加(P<0.05)且活动期增加更为显著(P<0.01)。同一个体疾病活动期外周血CD4 CD25 调节性T细胞数量较非活动期减少(P<0.05)。MS患者外周血中CD4 CD25 T细胞的FOXP3 mRNA表达降低(P<0.05),且活动期降低更明显(P<0.01)。结论此组MS患者外周血CD4 CD25 调节性T细胞抑制活性降低,FOXP3 mRNA表达减少,活化的效应性T细胞数量增加,且与MS疾病活动性有关。     

卒中T淋巴细胞亚群动态变化及其与卒中相关感染的关系

目的 观察卒中急性期患者外周血中C D 3 +T细胞、C D 3 + C D 4 +T细胞、C D 3 + C D 8 +T细胞及 CD4+CD25+FoxP3+调节性T细胞（regulatory T cells,Tregs）的动态变化,探讨卒中后机体免疫状态及其 对卒中后感染的影响。 方法 选取卒中急性期患者32例为卒中组,根据发病1周内是否发生感染,将患者分为卒中后非感 染组24例和卒中后感染组8例。另选取性别、年龄匹配的健康体检者23例为对照组。采用流式细 胞术分别于病程24 h内、3 d、7 d检测卒中患者和健康体检者外周血中CD3+T细胞、CD3+CD4+T细胞、 CD3+CD8+T细胞及Tregs水平。 结果 ① 与对照组比较,卒中后非感染组CD3+CD4+T细胞与Tregs于发病后7 d升高（P分别为0.02和 0.03）;CD3+CD8+T细胞在发病后24 h及3 d下降（P分别为0.01和0.03）,发病后7 d升至与健康对照组 无显著差异。卒中后感染组CD3+T细胞、CD3+CD4+T细胞、CD3+CD8+T细胞及Tregs在发病24 h内（P分别为 ＜0.001,＜0.001,0.03和＜0.001）、3 d（P均＜0.001）、7 d（P分别为＜0.001,0.01,0.01和0.01）均较健 康对照组明显下降;②卒中后感染组CD3+T细胞、CD3+CD4+T细胞及Tregs在发病后24 h内（P分别为0.01, ＜0.001和＜0.001）、3 d（P分别＜0.001,＜0.001和0.04）、7 d（P均＜0.001）均显著低于卒中后非感染 组;两组CD3+CD8+T细胞在发病后24 h内无明显差异,但3 d（P＜0.001）、7 d（P =0.02）卒中后感染组显 著低于卒中后非感染组。 结论 C D3+T淋巴细胞、CD3+CD4+T淋巴细胞、CD3+CD8+T淋巴细胞及Tregs参与卒中早期病理生理过 程,其动态变化可能导致卒中后免疫抑制,并参与卒中后感染的发生。     

异基因造血干细胞移植中CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞与急性移植物抗宿主病的相关性

CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞是调节性T细胞的一个重要亚群,在诱导移植耐受方面起着重要作用。 目的：综述CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞的特性、免疫调节作用机制及其与急性移植物抗宿主病的相关性。 方法：应用计算机检索PubMed、Medline数据库1990-01/2010-02,维普数据库2000-01/2010-02以及运用Google网络数据库有关CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞及其他与急性移植物抗宿主病相关性研究的文献。 结果与结论：CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞在异基因造血干细胞移植后产生的急性移植物抗宿主病中起着重要作用,不仅能有效预防和治疗急性移植物抗宿主病,同时还能保留移植物抗白血病效应作用。随着研究的深入,发现CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞很有希望成为急性移植物抗宿主病早期风险预测的一项重要实验诊断指标,并且有可能通过调控移植后患者体内CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞水平来预防和控制急性移植物抗宿主病的发生。但是,要将CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞应用于临床尚有问题有待解决,例如CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞细胞表面特异性标志物是什么,如何提高CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞在人体内的活性以及怎样充分发挥其免疫抑制功能等。     

CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells and CD1-restricted NKT cells do not mediate facial motoneuron survival after axotomy

CD4+ T cells rescue facial motoneurons (FMN) from axotomy-induced cell death. The objective of this study is to determine if the CD4+ T regulatory subsets, CD4+CD25+ T or CD1d-restricted NKT cells are critical for FMN survival after facial nerve axotomy. Surviving FMN within facial motor nuclei from axotomized and control sides 4 weeks after axotomy were counted to determine percent FMN survival. Data generated by applying this paradigm to recombination activating gene-2-deficient mice reconstituted with CD4+ T cells depleted of CD4+CD25+ T cells and to CD1-/- mice, deficient in CD1d-restricted NKT cells, suggest that neither regulatory CD4+ T subset is critical for FMN survival.