肾移植术后糖尿病的危险因素分析

【目的】探讨引起肾移植术后糖尿病（PTDM）的危险因素。【方法】我们对自2002年1月到2006年7月在我院进行肾移植术的237例患者进行回顾性分析，并根据术后是否发生PTDM将患者分成PTDM组（22例）及对照组（215例），分别用t检验和x^2检验进行单因素分析，用Logistic进行多因素回归分析，计算其相对危险度（RR）及95％可信区间（95％CI）。【结果】有22例患者被证实患有PTDM（9．3％），其中12例（54．5％）在术后第1年内发病，PTDM在术后第1年和第3年的累积发病率分别为5．1％和6．8％；单因素及Logistic多因素回归分析表明，年龄〉40岁（RR=1．08；95％CI为1．02。1．14；P=0．007）、急性排斥的频率（RR=26．9；95％CI为5．61—129．8；P〈0．001）以及激素的累积使用剂量（RR=1．54；95％CI为1．21～1．96；P〈0．001）等3种因素是发生PTDM的危险因素。【结论】PTDM是肾移植术后一个常见的并发症；年龄〉40岁、发生急性排斥及激素累积使用量较大的患者发生PTDM的风险增大；急性排斥反应与PTDM的关系可能需要我们在前者所引发的感染机制上作进一步的研究。     

肾移植术后贫血的危险因素分析

【目的】 探讨肾移植术后贫血(PTA)的发生率&#65380;风险因素&#65377; 【方法】 分析2004年1月至2008年6月在本院进行肾移植术的患者资料,并根据术后是否发生PTA将患者分成PTA组(44例)及对照组(132例),记录可能引起PTA的各项参数,分别用t检验和?字2检验进行单因素分析,对P < 0.2的参数进行Logistic多因素分析,计算其相对危险度(RR)及95%可信区间(95%CI)&#65377;【结果】 PTA(男性血红蛋白(Hb) < 120 g/L或红细胞压积(Hct) < 0.38或成年女性Hb < 110 g/L或Hct < 0.35)在本中心的发病率为31%&#65377;单因素及Logistic多因素回归分析表明:女性(RR = 8.738;95%CI 2.558 ~ 29.853; P = 0.001);平均肌酐水平(RR = 1.035;95%CI 1.018 ~ 1.052;P < 0.001)以及急性排斥(RR = 19.827;95%CI 2.056 ~ 191.19;P = 0.01)等3项因素与PTA的发生密切相关&#65377;【结论】 PTA是肾移植术后一项常见的并发症,女性&#65380;移植肾功能较差以及急性排斥的发生是PTA的危险因素&#65377;     

超声血流动力学参数与实时剪切波弹性成像定量参数对肾移植后急性肾损伤的预测价值

目的 探究超声血流动力学参数与实时剪切波弹性成像定量参数对肾移植后急性肾损伤的预测价值。方法 选取2019年1月—2022年1月在海南医学院第二附属医院57例接受肾移植治疗的肾衰竭患者。采用彩色多普勒超声检测肾椎体叶间动脉、肾段动脉、肾主动脉的相关血流参数（搏动指数、阻力指数和峰值流速）;采用实时剪切波弹性成像检查肾皮质、髓质、肾窦的弹性模量。术后随访6个月,根据患者是否发生急性肾损伤分为急性肾损伤组和非急性肾损伤组。采用多因素Logistic逐步回归模型分析肾移植后急性肾损伤的危险因素;绘制受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线评估超声血流动力学参数与实时剪切波弹性成像定量参数对肾移植后急性肾损伤的预测效能。结果 57例接受肾移植治疗的肾衰竭患者术后发生急性肾损伤14例,发生率为24.56%。急性肾损伤组肾长径短于非急性肾损伤组（P <0.05）。急性肾损伤组肾椎体叶间动脉的搏动指数、阻力指数、肾皮质弹性模量均高于非急性肾损伤组（P <0.05）。多因素Logistic逐步回归分析结果显示,肾椎体叶间动脉搏动指数增加［O^R =3.522（95% CI：1.203,10.304）］、阻力指数增加［O^R =3.294（95% CI：1.125,9.637）］、肾皮质弹性模量增加［O^R =3.016（95% CI：1.031,8.825）］均是肾移植后急性肾损伤的危险因素（P <0.05）,肾长径增加［O^R =3.418（95% CI：1.168,9.998）］是肾移植后急性肾损伤的保护因素（P <0.05）。ROC曲线分析结果显示,肾椎体叶间动脉搏动指数、阻力指数及肾皮质弹性模量单一及联合预测肾移植后急性肾损伤的敏感性分别为71.4%（95% CI：0.420,0.904）、60.7%（95% CI：0.326,0.836）、71.4%（95% CI：0.420,0.904）、85.7%（95% CI：0.562,0.975）;特异性分别为74.4%（95% CI：0.585,0.859）、60.5%（95% CI：0.445,0.746）、60.5%（95% CI：0.446,0.746）、72.1%（95% CI：0.561,0.842）;AUC分别为0.740（95% CI：0.575,0.905）、0.648（95% CI：0.477,0.818）、0.718（95% CI：0.573,0.862）、0.803（95% CI：0.642,0.964）。结论 超声血流动力学参数与实时剪切波弹性成像定量参数可用于预测肾移植后急性肾损伤,尤以肾椎体叶间动脉搏动指数、阻力指数及肾皮质弹性模量对肾移植后急性肾损伤的预测效能较高。     

霉酚酸酯预防肾移植术后急性排斥反应临床观察

【目的】探讨霉酚酸酯在预防肾移植术后急性排斥中的作用。【方法】选择本院106例肾移植受者为研究对象。随机分为霉酚酸酯治疗组(n=56例),硫唑嘌呤治疗组(n=50例)进行对比研究。研究时间为术后6个月内。【结果】霉酚酸酯治疗组急性排斥发生率20%,较硫唑嘌呤组急性排斥反应发生率44%低（P<0.01）,霉酚酸酯组单用甲基强的松龙冲击缓解率82%,硫唑嘌呤组55%（P<0.05）;肝损害霉酚酸酯组发生率10%,硫唑嘌呤组20%（P<0.01）;巨细胞病毒等感染霉酚酸酯组发生率较少,而人、肾存活率高。【结论】霉酚酸酯作为一种新的抗排斥治疗药物,能更有效地预防肾移植术后急性排斥,且毒副作用低。     

肾移植术后尿路感染临床分析

对176例肾移植术后患者的尿路感染（UTI）的发生率、32例UTI患者的致病菌类型以及风险因素进行分析。18．2％（32／176）的患者至少出现一次UTI;最常见致病菌为大肠埃希菌属和粪肠球菌。以患者血清肌酐水平、急性排斥等12项指标为自变量进行单因素及多因素回归分析显示,性别（RR=0．216,95％CI 0．074-0．628,P〈0．05）、糖尿病史（RR=3．023,95％CI 0．998-9．157．P≤0．05）两项因素是引起肾移植术后UTI的独立危险因素。     

消化道早癌患者内镜黏膜下剥离术后迟发性出血的危险因素分析

目的 分析消化道早癌患者内镜黏膜下剥离术（ESD）后迟发性出血的危险因素。方法 回顾性分析2020年5月—2023年2月泰州市人民医院收治的625例消化道早癌患者，其中胃癌257例，食管癌368例。所有患者行ESD，记录消化道早期患者ESD术后迟发性出血情况。胃癌患者根据ESD术后是否发生迟发性出血分为胃癌未发生组与胃癌发生组，食管癌患者根据ESD术后是否发生迟发性出血分为食管癌未发生组与食管癌发生组。比较胃癌发生组与胃癌未发生组患者临床资料，食管癌发生组与食管癌未发生组患者临床资料，采用多因素逐步Logistic回归模型分析ESD术后发生迟发性出血的影响因素。结果 257例胃癌患者中，ESD术后迟发性出血27例，迟发性出血发生率为10.51%；368例食管癌患者中，ESD术后迟发性出血23例，迟发性出血发生率为6.25%。胃癌发生组病灶部位为胃体、病灶直径≥ 20 mm、黏膜下有粗大血管、黏膜下有纤维化、手术时间≥ 60 min、长期服用抗凝药物占比高于胃癌未发生组（P <0.05），胃癌发生组病灶深度为黏膜层占比低于胃癌未发生组（P <0.05）。多因素逐步Logistic回归分析结果显示：黏膜下有粗大血管［O^R=3.838（95% CI：1.687，8.731）］、黏膜下有纤维化［O^R=3.511（95% CI：1.544，7.988）］、手术时间≥60 min ［O^R=2.821（95% CI：1.240，6.417）］、长期使用抗凝药物［O^R=4.415（95% CI：1.941，10.043）］为胃癌患者ESD术后发生迟发性出血的影响因素（P <0.05）。食管癌发生组黏膜深度为黏膜下层、切片直径≥ 40 mm、切除管径大小为环周、黏膜下有粗大血管、黏膜下有纤维化、手术时间≥ 60 min、长期服用抗凝血药物占比高于食管癌未发生组（P <0.05）。多因素逐步Logistic回归分析结果显示：黏膜下有粗大血管［O^R=3.056（95% CI：1.343，6.951）］、手术时间≥ 60 min ［O^R=3.607（95% CI：1.586，8.206）］、长期使用抗凝药物［O^R=4.104（95% CI：1.804，9.336）］为食管癌患者ESD术后发生迟发性出血的影响因素（P <0.05）。结论 黏膜下有粗大血管、手术时间≥ 60 min、长期使用抗凝药物的消化道早癌患者ESD术后迟发性出血风险更高。     

肾移植术后并发多脏器功能障碍综合征的临床分析

目的探讨肾移植术后并发多脏器功能障碍综合征（MODS）的发生率、发生的高危因素,导致死亡的高危因素以及临床评价方法。方法总结48例肾移植术后出现MODS患者的临床资料,将肾移植术后发生与未发生MODS的患者进行对比,比较肾移植术后并发MODS的发生率、高危因素等;将肾移植术后并发MODS中死亡与未死亡患者进行比较,回顾性分析其死亡率、导致死亡的高危因素及临床评价方法。结果肾移植术后并发MODS患者的年龄显著大于未并发MODS患者,前者的急性排斥反应发生率明显高于后者,前者使用激素冲击、抗胸腺细胞球蛋白（ATG）或CD3-单克隆抗体（OKT3）的比例明显高于后者;肾移植术后并发MODS死亡患者的年龄显著大于未并发MODS患者、前者的急性排斥发生率明显高于后者;脏器衰竭数目分别为2、3、4个时,患者的病死率分别为40%、75%、100%;MODS评分分别为0~4、5~7、8﹥分时,患者的病死率分别为40%、57.1%、100%。结论肾移植术后发生MODS的高危因素为高龄、曾经发生过急性排斥反应、曾经使用过激素冲击、ATG、OKT3治疗等;影响MODS患者死亡的高危因素为MODS评分、衰竭脏器数目、高龄、曾经发生过急性排斥反应、曾经使用过激素冲击、ATG、OKT3治疗等,容易导致肾移植术后患者发生MODS的首发因素依次为肺部感染、移植肾功能延迟恢复、消化系统出血。     

肾移植术后患者并发糖尿病的危险因素分析

目的 探讨肾移植术后患者并发糖尿病的危险因素.方法 回顾性选取2018年1月-2019年12月于我院接受肾移植手术治疗的100例患者作为研究对象,根据患者术后是否并发糖尿病将其分为肾移植术后并发糖尿病组(n=38)和肾移植术后未并发糖尿病组(n=62).收集2组基本资料,并采用多因素Logistic回归分析法分析肾移植术后患者并发糖尿病的危险因素.结果 100例肾移植手术患者并发糖尿病38例,并发率为38.00％(38/100).多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄≥45岁、体质量指数(BMI)≥25 kg/m2、伴有糖尿病家族史、应用他克莫司方案、术后发生急性排斥反应是肾移植术后患者并发糖尿病的危险因素(OR=2.710;2.809;8.534;2.184;3.190,P<0.05).结论 肾移植术后并发糖尿病与患者年龄、BMI、糖尿病家族史、免疫抑制剂方案及急性排斥反应等密切相关,临床应当重视并予以相关预防控制措施以防止肾移植术后患者并发糖尿病.     

结直肠癌术后静脉血栓栓塞症形成的危险因素预防和治疗分析

目的?探讨结直肠癌术后发生静脉血栓栓塞症（VTE）的危险因素及防治措施。方法?回顾性分析2012年5月—2018年12月甘肃省人民医院收治的86例结直肠癌术后发生VTE的患者作为病例组,选取同期入院行结直肠癌根治手术后未发生VTE的84例患者作为对照组。分析结直肠癌术后发生VTE的危险因素,结合其临床表现、辅助检查及治疗方法,进一步阐述结直肠癌术后VET的诊疗方法。 结果?两组在性别、体重指数≥30?kg/m 2（中度肥胖）、糖尿病、高血压、新辅助化疗、手术术式（造瘘）、手术方式（开腹结直肠癌根治术）、输血、使用止血药物及感染方面比较,差异有统计学意义（P?<0.05）。两组年龄、血小板（PLT）、D-二聚体比较,差异有统计学意义（P?<0.05）。Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄>53.5岁[OlR=2.258（95% CI：1.019,5.044）],糖尿病[OlR=2.688（95% CI：1.237,5.842）]、新辅助化疗[OlR=2.424（95% CI：1.147,5.123）]、输血[OlR=2.559（95% CI：1.073,6.103）]、手术方式[OlR=2.044（95% CI：1.044,4.002）]、PLT[OlR=7.800（95% CI：2.689,22.625）]及D-二聚体[OlR=25.416（95% CI：8.726,74.013）]是结直肠癌术后VTE形成的危险因素。结论?对好发VTE的患者应该加强术后护理,早期下床活动,给予双下肢气压治疗,促进下肢静脉回流,必要时予以低分子肝素钙预防;若术后发生VTE,则根据患者出血风险和具体情况制定诊疗措施。     

先天性心脏病患儿术后发生急性肾损伤的危险因素 及早期检测血清microRNA-203 的意义

目的 探讨先天性心脏病（以下简称先心病）患儿体外循环术后发生急性肾损伤（AKI）的危险因素, 以及血清microRNA-203（miR-203） 对AKI 的早期临床价值。方法 选取2016 年9 月—2018 年1 月 在华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院住院的178 例先心病患儿,根据AKI 诊断标准将患儿分为AKI 组53 例和非AKI 组125 例。观察AKI 发生率,比较两组患儿的临床特征。采用多因素Logistic 回归分析 AKI 的危险因素,qRT-PCR 检测两组患儿术前,以及术后2、12、24 和48 h 的miR-203、肾损伤分子-1 （KIM-1）水平表达量。采用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线确定术后2 h 血清miR-203 对AKI 的预测价 值,计算曲线下面积（AUC）。结果 术后48 h 内,53 例（29.78%）患儿发生AKI,125 例（70.22%）患儿 未发生AKI。AKI 组患儿年龄小于非AKI 组（P <0.05）,术前紫绀型先心病比例、体外循环时间、阻断升主 动脉时间及采用间断性灌注4 ∶ 1 含血高钾停跳液（以下简称血灌）进行心肌保护的比例高于非AKI 组患 儿（P <0.05）。术后AKI 组患儿循环血中KIM-1 和miR-203 水平呈升高趋势（P <0.05）,且术后12 h 血清 miR-203 水平达峰值,早于KIM-1 水平达峰时间。ROC 曲线分析,术后2 h 血清miR-203 截断值为1.700, 其预测AKI 发生的AUC 为0.851（95% CI ：0.775,0.928）,敏感性为85.42%（95% CI ：0.825,0.874）,特异 性为54.17%（95% CI ：0.537,0.587）。经二分类变量Logistic 回归分析,年龄<4 岁[Ol ^ R=1.823（95% CI ： 1.594,3.953）,P =0.000]、紫绀型先心病[Ol ^ R=1.461（95% CI ：1.254,1.726）,P =0.005]、体外循环时间> 175.68 min [Ol ^ R=2.105（95% CI ：1.587,5.265）,P =0.000]、阻断升主动脉时间>101.45 min [Ol ^ R=1.217 （95% CI ：1.082,1.339）,P =0.000] 及术后2 h 血清miR-203>1.70。[Ol ^ R=1.331（95% CI ：1.160 ,3.241）, P =0.022] 是发生AKI 的独立危险因素;血灌心肌保护[Ol ^ R=0.729（95% CI ：0.558,0.894）,P =0.004] 是发生 AKI 的独立保护因素。结论 先心病纠正术后AKI 的发生与患儿年龄、术前紫绀、体外循环时间、阻断升主 动脉时间、血灌及术后2 h 血清miR-203 有关,且术后miR-203 水平可作为AKI 发生的早期预测因子。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.