冠心病血瘀证研究进展

中医认为冠心病属于“胸痹”、“心痛”等范畴 ,临床和实验都证明活血化瘀方药治疗冠心病具有扩张冠状动脉、改善心肌缺血、降低心肌耗氧、改善血液流变学、降低内皮素(ET)、升高一氧化氮 (NO)、维持 ET/ NO平衡、保护内皮细胞、预防冠脉内血栓形成等作用。现就冠心病血瘀证的现代研究及活血化瘀方药的防治作一综述。1　冠心病血瘀证的现代研究陈氏 [1 ] 等将血瘀证分为血瘀证 型 (血瘀证高流变性型 )和血瘀证 型 (血瘀证低流变性型 )。按其分法 ,冠心病属血瘀证 型 :具有一种或多种血液高粘、高凝、高纤维蛋白血症 ,高血栓素水平 ,…     

冠心病血瘀证辨治述要

冠心病的发生多与情志失调、寒邪内侵、劳倦过度、饮食失节、年老久病等因素有关。气、血、阴、阳亏虚或脏腑功能失调是血瘀证形成的基本病机,多由寒邪、热邪、痰湿等实邪阻碍血液运行,导致瘀血停滞于心胸,不通则痛;或由郁怒伤肝,肝失疏泄,肝郁气滞而使血行失畅,脉络不利而致气血瘀滞,胸阳不运,心脉痹阻,不通则痛。并对冠心病血瘀证细化分型为痰瘀互结、寒凝血瘀、气滞血瘀、气虚血瘀、阳虚血瘀等,分别采用活血化痰、温经活血、行气活血、补气活血、温阳活血等法,以提高临床疗效。     

冠心病心绞痛气滞血瘀证与血瘀气滞证辨析

通过对冠心病心绞痛既往辨证分型标准的回顾,提出冠心病心绞痛血瘀气滞证新证型,认为冠心病心绞痛气滞血瘀证与血瘀气滞证是气血同病的两个不同证型,并从病因病机、临床证候以及治法方药方面将两证型进行了比较鉴别,对临床具有重要指导意义。     

血府逐瘀汤调整冠心病血瘀证红细胞膜流动性的研究

用血府逐瘀汤加味治疗冠心病痰热血瘀证与痰浊血瘀证。红细胞膜流动笥前者明显高于同年龄健康对照组，后者明显低于对照组。治疗后两组患者的红细胞膜流动性均恢复至正常水平。动物实验血府逐瘀汤加清热化痰药与血府农瘀汤加健脾化痰药均对正常小白鼠红细胞膜流动性无明显影响。     

冠心病血瘀证与超氧化物歧化酶、丙二醛关系的探讨

通过对60例冠心病患者辨证分型后血清SOD及MDA水平检测分析，结果表明血瘀证患者血清SOD水平显著低于非血瘀证组（P〈0．05）和正常对照组（P〈0．01），而血清MDA含量明显高于非血瘀证组（P〈0．05）和正常对照组（P〈0．01）。提示SOD减少和自由基增高与冠心病血瘀证证型密切相关，自由基可能参与了血瘀的形成。     

冠心病血瘀证“以病带证”客观化研究概述

血瘀证是冠心病中最常见的证型之一。本文从血液相关指标、血管相关指标、基因和蛋白质组学、代谢组学、舌象、脉象等方面探究冠心病血瘀证以病带证客观化研究近况,并指出研究中存在的问题与不足。     

湖南地区早发冠心病血瘀证临床流行病学研究

冠心病是严重危害人类生命健康的多发疾病之一,发病率及死亡率呈上升趋势,且发病越来越年轻化。冠心病发病年龄男性≤55岁,女性≤65岁,称为早发冠心病(premature coronary artery disease,PCAD)。血瘀证是冠心病最常见的证型之一,本文对湖南地区PCAD血瘀证血脂血糖、血流变、BMI等临床资料进行分析,以揭示PCAD血瘀证相关危险因素及血瘀证各亚型证候特征,为PCAD的早期预防与干预提供理论依据。本研究共调查2012年1月至2013年4月患者322例,其中家系PCAD血瘀证组51例(男31例,女20例),平均年龄(53.95±4.05)岁;家系非PCAD血瘀证组55例(男32例,女23例),平均年龄(61.35±4.85)岁;家系PCAD非血瘀证组60例(男38例,女22例),平均年龄(59.45±4.63)岁;非家系PCAD血瘀证组156例(男89例,女67例),平均年龄(58.18±3.57)岁。健康对照组60例(男35例,女25例),平均年龄(53.81±5.65)岁。经统计,组间性别、年龄比较无显著差异,具有可比性(P>0.05)。【目的】 调查PCAD血瘀证患者相关危险因素及各亚型证特征。 【方法】 对322例PCAD患者进行临床流行病学调查,并应用秩和检验,logistic回归分析等方法对资料分析研究。 【结果】 (1)PCAD血瘀证存在明显的脂类代谢异常;PCAD血瘀证比晚发冠心病血瘀证存在更显著的脂类代谢和血流变异常;(2)BMI、吸烟、TG、LDL、高血压是PCAD血瘀证的危险因素;(3)PCAD血瘀证各亚型血瘀证积分,从高到低依次是痰浊血瘀证、气虚血瘀证、气滞血瘀证、阴虚血瘀证(P<0.05);(4)PCAD血瘀证各亚型中,0~1年病程以痰浊血瘀为主,2~5年病程以气滞血瘀居多,>5年病程以气虚,阴虚血瘀为主(P<0.01)。 【结论】 血瘀证存在明显的脂类代谢异常,且PCAD血瘀证比晚发冠心病血瘀证存在更显著的脂类代谢和血流变异常;BMI、吸烟、TG、LDL、高血压是PCAD血瘀证的危险因素。     

老年糖尿病合并冠心病血瘀证临床分析

糖尿病、冠心病血瘀证已被确认^[1,2],我们过去对心脑血管病血瘀证患者应用血液粘滞性及血脂定量分析,亦发现患者血液流变学存在异常,血液呈“浓、粘、凝、聚”状态,为其发病的危险因素和病理基础,其脂质代谢紊乱可能为血液粘度增高的影响因素;与此同时,还进一步印证了中医“老年多瘀”的病机理论^[3],在此基础上,为了进一步研究老年糖尿病并发冠心病的血瘀证,我们将本院1997年～2000年内科门诊及住院的老年糖尿病、老年冠心病、老年糖尿病合并冠心病3组进行对比分析,现将结果报告如下:1资料与方法1 1临床资料1)老年糖尿病组共69例,其中男42例,女27例。     

冠心病痰瘀互结证中医证治研究

痰瘀互结证为冠心病中医临床辨证的重要证候之一,痰浊与瘀血是冠心病发病最主要的两大病理因素,两者相互胶结贯穿该病发生、发展的始终.冠心病病位在心,与肝、脾、肾密切相关,治疗多从痰瘀同治,并根据其发病标本虚实,以及脏腑、气血阴阳失调等不同情况,按气虚、气滞、气阴两虚、阳虚、寒邪、热邪、毒邪的轻重加以辨证施治.该文通过对冠心...     

冠心病血瘀证：从现代医学视角理解

The medical community as a whole is attempting to start preventive therapy for coronary heartdisease （CHD） patients earlier in life. However, the main limitations of such interventions are drug resistanceand adverse reactions. Additionally, traditional biomarker discovery methods for CHD focus on the behavior ofindividual biomarkers regardless of their relevance. These limitations have led to attempting novel approachesto multi-dimensionally investigate CHD and identify safe and efficacious therapies for preventing CHD. Recently,the benefit of Chinese medicine （CM） in CHD has been proven by increasing clinical evidence. More importantly,linking CM theory with modern biomedicine may lead to new scientific discoveries. According to CM theory,all treatments for patients should be based on patients＇ syndromes. A recent epidemiological investigation hasdemonstrated that blood stasis syndrome （BSS） is the major syndrome type of CHD. BSS is a type of complexpathophysiological state characterized by decreased or impeded blood flow. Common clinical features ofBSS include a darkish complexion, scaly dry skin, and cyanosis of the lips and nails, a purple or dark tonguewith purple spots, a thready and hesitant pulse, and stabbing or pricking pain fixed in location accompaniedby tenderness, mass formation and ecchymosis or petechiae. The severity of BSS is significantly correlatedwith the complexity of coronary lesions and the degree of stenosis, and is an important factor affecting theoccurrence of restenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention. The mechanisms of BSS of CHD patientsshould be investigated from a modern medicine perspective. Although many studies have attempted toexplore the biomedical mechanisms of BSS of CHD, from hemorheological disorders to inflammation andimmune responses, the global picture of BSS of CHD is still unclear. In this article, the current status of studiesinvestigating the biomedical mechanisms of BSS of CHD and future perspectives are discussed.     

电针治疗心血瘀阻型冠心病心绞痛的临床观察

目的观察电针治疗心血瘀阻型冠心病心绞痛的临床疗效。方法 90例患者随机分为电针组和对照组各45例,对照组予以辛伐他汀片、阿司匹林肠溶片和丹参川芎嗪治疗,有高血压、糖尿病者予以降压、降糖治疗;电针组在对照组治疗基础上加用电针治疗。两组10d为1疗程,1个疗程结束后观察各组临床症状疗效、心电图疗效、治疗期间药物副反应发生情况和预后心绞痛复发情况。结果电针组临床症状疗效总有效率显著高于对照组,两组间比较具有显著统计学意义(P0.05);电针组心电图疗效总有效率极显著高于对照组,两组间比较具有极显著统计学意义(P0.01);电针组的药物副反应发生率极显著低于对照组,两组间比较具有极显著统计学意义(P0.01);电针组治疗结束后2周和4周的复发率分别低于对照组的20.0%和66.7%,2周后两组间比较具有显著统计学意义(P0.05),4周后两组间比较具有极显著统计学意义(P0.01)。结论电针疗法安全有效,与西药联用不仅能提高临床疗效,还能减轻西药引起的副作用和减少复发率,同时还能良性调节心电图的异常改变。     

冠心病血瘀证的DNA甲基化修饰与磁场干预的相关性探讨

基于甲基化的表观遗传学在阐明疾病基因和环境相互作用方面发挥重要作用。本文从对冠心病遗传基因甲基化和磁场干预研究、冠心病血瘀证的分子遗传学研究、磁场和中医证型的相关性研究等方面出发,探讨内外界环境磁场与冠心病血瘀证的表观遗传学之间的相关可能性机制。为从基因表达-内部表型-疾病模式-磁场干预的系统生物学角度出发进行个体化差异预防和治疗心血管疾病提供思路和方法。     

Metabolomic Profiling Reveals Distinct Patterns of Tricarboxylic Acid Disorders in Blood Stasis Syndrome Associated with Coronary Heart Disease

Objective

To investigate the underlying metabolomic profifiling of coronary heart disease (CHD) with blood stasis syndrome (BSS).

Methods

CHD model was induced by a nameroid constrictor in Chinese miniature swine. Fifteen miniature swine were randomly divided into a model group (n=9) and a control group (n=6), respectively according to arandom number table. After 4 weeks, plasma hemorheology was detected by automatic hemorheological analyzer, indices including hematocrit, plasma viscosity, blood viscosity, rigidity index and erythrocyte sedimentation rate; cardiac function was assessed by echocardiograph to detect left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVED), left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDd), ejection fraction (EF), fractional shortening (FS) and other indicators. Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and bioinformatics were applied to analyze spectra of CHD plasma with BSS.

Results

The results of hemorheology analysis showed signifificant changes in viscosity, with low shear whole blood viscosity being lower and plasma viscosity higher in the model group compared with the control group. Moreover, whole blood reduction viscosity at high shear rate and whole blood reduction viscosity at low shear rate increased signifificantly (P <0.05). The echocardiograph results demonstrated that cardiac EF and FS showed signifificant difference (P <0.05), with EF values being decreased to 50% or less. The GC-MS data showed that principal component analysis can clearly separate the animals with BSS from those in the control group. The enriched Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes biological pathways results suggested that the patterns involved were associated with dysfunction of energy metabolism including glucose and lipid disorders, especially in glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, galactose metabolism and adenosine-triphosphate-binding cassette transporters.

Conclusions

Glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism disorders were the major contributors to the syndrome classifification of CHD with BSS.

     

冠心病“痰瘀”证素特征的临床研究

目的:探讨冠心病由"痰凝"至"痰瘀"病性证素变化对冠心病形成的影响。方法:对冠心病痰瘀痹阻证组120例、痰凝心脉证组98例、非痰非瘀证组92例、健康人对照组30例进行血脂、血液流变学、血糖、胰岛素敏感性指数及相关基因表达的检测分析。结果:冠心病血脂痰凝心脉证组与非痰非瘀证组、正常组均有显著差异(P<0.01);由非痰非瘀证→痰凝心脉证→痰瘀痹阻证血液流变学各项指标均增加;FINS、ISI值呈健康对照<非痰非瘀证组<痰凝心脉证组<痰瘀痹阻证组递进趋势(均P<0.01);由非痰非瘀→痰凝心脉→痰瘀痹阻的病理演变中,患者c-myc mRNA和PDGF-AmRNA的表达量均逐渐增加。结论:痰瘀痹阻证血液流变学指标均显著高于非痰非瘀证、痰凝心脉证,提示血液流变学异常是血脉瘀阻的客观指证;IR可能是产生"痰瘀"并由"痰"到"瘀"演变的重要内在生化物质基础;IR与冠状动脉脉病变严重程度呈正相关,提示IR可作为预测冠心病严重程度的参考指标之一;冠心病"痰瘀"证素变化的分子机制与c-myc、PDGF-AmRNA异常表达有关。     

冠心病从痰瘀论治探析及思考

冠心病是严重危害人类健康的常见病、多发病,近年来,我国人群的冠心病发病率及死亡率呈明显上升趋势。中医认为,痰浊、瘀血是冠心病的重要病理因素,痰瘀互结、痹阻心脉导致心脉不通是冠心病的主要病理基础,同时也与冠心病的诸多危险因素密切相关。临床研究表明,痰瘀互结是冠心病的主要证型。因此,在治疗上强调“痰瘀同治”的重要性,在临床应用中,又应据证立法,灵活应用。     

论从痰与瘀论治冠心病

冠心病是临床常见心血管病,其主要类型是心绞痛。中医药通过辨证论治对冠心病心绞痛的治疗具有一定的特色。跟随导师期间,深悟导师从痰、瘀论治冠心病的临证经验,在治本的基础上,采取痰瘀同治的原则,运用祛痰化瘀方法,取得良好的临床疗效。