岩斜区脑膜瘤显微手术入路的改良及疗效

目的探讨改良经岩骨乙状窦前入路显微手术切除岩斜区脑膜瘤的疗效及手术技巧.方法采用改良经岩骨乙状窦前入路显微外科切除岩斜区脑膜瘤11例并对其临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果肿瘤全切除8例,次全切除1例,大部切除2例.本组无死亡病例,术后昏迷 1 例,新出现暂时性颅神经障碍3例,无脑脊液漏发生.结论改良经岩骨乙状窦前入路简便、安全,可充分显露岩斜区,有利于提高肿瘤切除程度和术后疗效,是岩斜区脑膜瘤手术治疗的较佳入路,但对术者的手术技巧和经验要求较高.     

岩斜区脑膜瘤显微手术入路的改良及疗效

目的探讨改良经岩骨乙状窦前入路显微手术切除岩斜区脑膜瘤的疗效及手术技巧.方法采用改良经岩骨乙状窦前入路显微外科切除岩斜区脑膜瘤11例并对其临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果肿瘤全切除8例,次全切除1例,大部切除2例.本组无死亡病例,术后昏迷 1 例,新出现暂时性颅神经障碍3例,无脑脊液漏发生.结论改良经岩骨乙状窦前入路简便、安全,可充分显露岩斜区,有利于提高肿瘤切除程度和术后疗效,是岩斜区脑膜瘤手术治疗的较佳入路,但对术者的手术技巧和经验要求较高.     

岩斜区肿瘤外科治疗策略探讨

目的探讨岩斜区肿瘤的外科处理策略。方法回顾性分析经3种手术方式(岩骨乙状窦前入路、颞下经小脑幕入路、乙状窦后入路)配合神经内镜及电生理监测切除岩斜区肿瘤49例,观察其手术效果及术后并发症。结果岩骨乙状窦前入路11例,肿瘤全切8例,出现新的神经损伤4例,术后改善3例,症状同术前4例;颞下经小脑幕入路18例,肿瘤全切12例,出现新的神经损伤4例,原有神经损伤加重2例,术后改善5例,同术前7例;乙状窦后入路20例,肿瘤全切18例,原有神经损伤加重5例,术后改善8例,症状同术前7例;均无死亡病例。结论岩骨乙状窦前入路、颞下经小脑幕入路、乙状窦后入路是处理所有岩斜区肿瘤的3种首选的基本入路,扎实的显微解剖基本功、娴熟的显微手术技术配合使用神经内镜及术中电生理监测可以提高肿瘤的全切除率,减少并发症发生、降低死亡率。     

岩斜区脑膜瘤的显微外科治疗

目的：探讨显微手术切除岩斜区脑膜瘤的手术方法及术后疗效，总结临床治疗经验。方法：通过回顾分析我科1997年8月～2006年3月经显微切除19例岩斜区脑膜瘤的临床资料，主要采用岩骨乙状窦前入路、颞下经小脑幕入路、乙状窦后入路3种入路。结果：肿瘤全切除12例（63．2％），5例次全切，2例大部分切除，均无严重并发症发生。结论：术前充分准备、选择合适的手术入路和娴熟显微外科技术可以提高岩斜坡区脑膜瘤的切除率，减少并发症的发生，降低病死率。     

经侧方入路切除岩骨-斜坡区肿瘤

目的 探讨经侧方入路切除斜坡肿瘤的治疗效果。方法 对６１例岩骨斜坡区肿瘤患者分别采用以下手术入路：（１）改良翼点入路;（２）颞枕经天幕,岩骨入路;（３）经岩骨乙状窦前幕上,下联合睡;（４）远外侧经髁入路。结果 ６１例岩骨－余坡区肿瘤,全切５４例,近全切除６例,大部切除１例,无手术死亡。６１例中,其中有３７例患者术后得到了随访,结果满意。     

经岩骨乙状窦前入路显微外科治疗岩斜区肿瘤30例报告

目的　探讨经岩骨乙状窦前入路切除岩斜区肿瘤的显微手术方法及预防并发症。方法　对 3 0例病人实施经岩骨乙状窦前入路的手术。结果　显微镜下肿瘤全切除 2 6例 (86.7% ) ,颅内感染 11例 (3 6.7% ) ,脑内血肿 5例 (16.7% )。结论　该手术入路的主要优点是小脑和颞叶牵拉轻 ,能直接处理肿瘤的基底部 ,手术野开阔 ,但有潜在并发症 ,手术费时的缺点。     

经乳突乙状窦前入路切除岩斜区肿瘤患者的护理

目的: 探讨经乳突乙状窦前入路切除岩斜区肿瘤的护理。方法: 回顾性分析通过该入路切除岩斜区肿瘤10例的护理资料。结果: 经合理治疗和护理,术后症状完全缓解6例,好转4例;术后并发症少。结论: 充分的健康教育、恰当的心理护理、完善的术前术后护理及正确的出院指导是减少术后并发症、保证手术成功的关键。     

岩斜区侧方手术入路的研究进展

目的　探讨目前岩骨斜坡区域 (岩斜区 )肿瘤最佳的手术入路。方法　检索总结近几年来国内、外对岩斜区病变的基础和临床研究结果。结果　目前临床应用的侧方手术入路有 7种 ,各有优缺点。经过对比观察最为实用的有 3种 ,它们手术路径短 ,并发症少 ,有利于肿瘤切除。结论　乙状窦前入路、乙状窦后入路、经颞小脑幕上下联合入路这 3种手术入路是目前最常用且效果最好的切除岩斜区肿瘤的侧方手术入路     

乙状窦前入路治疗岩斜区肿瘤9例报告

对9例岩斜区肿瘤患者采用经乙状窦前入路的手术治疗。结果6例肿瘤全切除,2例次全切除,1例大部分切除。术后症状改善6例。提示乙状窦前入路能最大限度地暴露乙状窦前空间,充分暴露岩斜区肿瘤,是岩斜区肿瘤的首选手术入路。     

乙状窦前人路治疗岩斜区肿瘤9例报告

对9例岩斜区肿瘤患者采用经乙状窦前入路的手术治疗。结果6例肿瘤全切除，2例次全切除，1例大部分切除。术后症状改善6例。提示乙状窦前入路能最大限度地暴露乙状窦前空间，充分暴露岩斜区肿瘤。是岩斜区肿瘤的首选手术入路。     

PARAPETROSAL PRESIGMOID APPROACH FOR PETROCLIVAL TUMORS

Petroclivaltumorsrepresentmoredifficultto radicalresection.Thesetumorsarelocateddeepat skullbase,usuallywithabundantbloodsupplyand broadattachmenttothepetrous,clivus,andtentori um.Sometimesthetumorinvadesintothecavernous sinusandthevitalperforatingarteries,cranial nerves,andthebrainstemareinvolved[1].Inthepastdecade,withtheadventofskullbase surgeryconcept,moreandmoresurgeonsreported successfulcasesofpetroclivaltumorremoved.Over all,therehasbeenadecreaseinpostoperativemor talityandmorbidity.Se…     

颞-枕下-经岩骨入路切除岩斜区肿瘤116例报告

目的介绍采用颞-枕下-经岩骨入路切除岩骨斜坡区肿瘤的手术方法。方法分析116例岩斜区肿瘤患者的手术方法,所有病人均采用颞-枕下-经岩骨入路切除肿瘤,其中采用经迷路后-乙状窦前入路110例,经乙状窦入路2例,经迷路-乙状窦前入路2例,经颧弓-经岩骨入路2例。结果肿瘤全切除75例(64.7%),次全切除33例(28.4%),大部切除8例(6.9%)。手术死亡3例,占手术总数2.6%。结论颞-枕下-经岩骨入路适用于病变位于斜坡中线部位,或肿瘤横跨颞骨岩部内侧,侵及中、后颅凹和累及海绵窦、三叉神经切迹(Meckel凹陷)肿瘤的切除,该方法在术中对岩骨斜坡区能够获得良好的暴露。     

Subtemporal transpetrosal apex approach: study on its use in large and giant petroclival meningiomas

Background  The subtemporal transtentoral approach has been reported for nearly two decades; however it was not well used due to some limitations in dealing with large and giant petroclival meningiomas. The clinical outcome and merit of the modified subtemporal transpetrosal apex approach in large and giant petroclival meningiomas, as well as the choices, the improvements and the therapy strategies of the microsurgical approach in such patients were evaluated in this study.

Methods  Totally 25 cases of large and giant petroclival meningiomas undergone the modified subtemporal transpetrosal apex approach between April 2004 and January 2010 were enrolled in this study. The choice and improvement of the approach, the basis of anatomy and related research, the effect of accessory equipment, the exposure of tumor and the changes of neurofunction pre- and post-operation were all reviewed retrospectively. The operation outcomes and complications in this approach were also compared with those in the transpetrous presigmoid approach done in 14 cases in the same period.

Results  All 25 cases underwent the modified subtemporal transpetrosal apex approach under electrophysiologic monitoring of cranial nerves and brain stem function. Trochlear nerve was partly wrapped in 14 cases, totally wrapped but can be explored in the initial segment of the cerebellum tentorium in 8 cases, totally wrapped and could not be seen until tumor was partly removed in 3 cases. The cerebellum tentorium was cut along the temporal bone from the anterior part of the apex to the mastoid part of superior petrous sinus in 6 cases, from the posterior part of the apex to the mastoid part of superior petrous sinus in 19 cases. Gross tumor resection was accomplished in 17 (68%) patients, subtotal resection in 7 (28%) patients, and partial resection in 1 (4%) patient. The most common postoperative complication was new neurological deficits or aggravations of preexisting deficit (64%). Follow-up ranged from 3 to 69 months. Compared with the transpetrous presigmoid approach done in 14 cases in the same period, the modified subtemporal transpetrosal apex approach showed obvious advantages such as simplicity in manipulating, microinvasiveness, less time-consuming, less complication, higher rate of tumor resection though the rates of gross tumor resection might be of no significant difference.

Conclusions  Modified subtemporal transpetrosal apex approach has obvious advantages compared with the transpetrous presigmoid approach. Some complications need to be solved by practice and modification of the approach as well as the accumulation of the experiences.

     

乙状窦前入路切除岩斜区脑膜瘤

目的 探索岩斜区脑膜瘤的手术入路及手术方式,并评价其疗效.方法 采用乙状窦前入路,应用显微神经外科技术,将岩斜区脑膜瘤分块行全切或部分切除.结果 9例病例中肿瘤全切6例,占66.6%;次全切除2例,占22.2%;大部分切除1例,占11.2%.无手术死亡病例,术后7例随访,平均20个月.6例正常生活,1例生活自理.MRI随访5例,未见肿瘤复发或再生长.结论 采用乙状窦前入路、应用显微神经外科技术治疗岩斜区脑膜瘤,能提高该病治愈率,减少并发症.     

Quantification of the presigmoid transpetrosal keyhole approach to petroclival region

Background Despite the presigmoid transpetrosal approach has been used by different researchers in various ways, the surgical injury rate remains high. Applying a minimally invasive keyhole idea, we devised a presigmoid transpetrosal keyhole approach （PTKA）, classified and quantitatively assessed their approach to the petroclival area on a cadaver model by using a neuronavigation system.
Methods The presigmoid transpetrosal keyhole approach was divided into four increasingly morbidity-producing steps： retrolabyrinthine, partial labyrinthectomy with petrous apicectomy, translabyrinthine and transcochlear keyhole approaches. Six latex-injected cadaveric heads （twelve sides） underwent dissection in which a neuronavigation system was used. An area of exposure 10 cm superficial to a central target （working area） was calculated. The area of clival exposure with each subsequent dissection was also calculated.
Results The retrolabyrinthine keyhole approach （RLK） spares hearing and facial function in theory but provides for only a small window of upper clival exposure. The view afforded by partial labyrinthectomy with petrous apicectomy keyhole approach （PLPAK） provides for up to four times this exposure. The translabyrinthine keyhole approach （TLK） and transcochlear keyhole approach （TCK）, although producing more morbidity, add little in terms of a larger petroclival window. However, with each step, the surgical freedom for manipulation of instruments increases.
Conclusions The presigmoid transpetrosal keyhole approach to the petroclival area is feasible and useful. The RLK has relatively limited utility. For lesions without bone invasion, the PLPAK provides a much more versatile exposure with an excellent chance of hearing and facial nerve preservation. The TLK provides for greater versatility in treating lesions but clival exposure is not greatly enhanced. The TCK adds little in terms of intradural exposure but should be reserved for cases in which access to the petrous carotid arter     

大型岩斜脑膜瘤的显微手术治疗

目的　对 12例大型岩斜脑膜瘤行乙状窦前入路的显微手术治疗 ,探讨该入路治疗岩斜脑膜瘤的要点。方法　总结岩斜脑膜瘤的临床表现、神经影像学特征和术中要点。结果　肿瘤全切除 10例 ,次全切除 1例 ,大部切除 1例 ,术后好转率 83.3%。结论　大型岩斜脑膜瘤首选乙状窦前入路 ,掌握术中暴露要点和分离技巧可提高手术疗效     

岩斜区肿瘤手术入路的选择

目的总结岩斜区肿瘤3种不同入路优缺点,探讨选择手术入路应考虑的因素,以及如何选择入路,并对临床效果进行分析。方法回顾性分析2004—2014年手术切除岩斜区肿瘤21例临床资料,手术入路包括：枕下乙状窦后入路、乙状窦前入路和颞下经小脑幕入路3种,从肿瘤性质、生长方式、术后并发症和操作难度等因素进行分析,总结选择手术入路时如何依据这些因素对3种入路进行选择,观察依据这些因素指导手术入路选择的临床效果,分析正确选择手术入路对保护神经功能、提高患者生存质量,提高手术效果的作用。结果本组21例,全切16例,次全切4例,部分切除1例。神经鞘瘤6例,表皮样囊肿3例,脑膜瘤12例。术后1例为乙状窦前入路,术后出现脑脊液耳漏,颅内发生化脓性感染,治疗无效死亡;5例出现患侧滑车神经损伤,有复视;6例周围面神经瘫痪;1例出现颞叶脑内血肿,经过保守治疗后,血肿吸收,正常出院;3例出现运动性失语,经治疗后,渐好转;3例出现手术区皮下积液并有反复低热,给予留置腰大池治疗,无临床症状出院,1~2月随访,体温正常,积液消失。5例肿瘤残留术后进行放射治疗,未有复发。结论手术入路所经过的解剖结构不同,暴露范围分别有侧重点,术前应当综合考虑各种因素,选择最适合患者入路,这样可以最大限度保护周围组织,提高手术成功率。     

Keyhole approach surgery for petroclival meningioma

Background In China, the feasibility of keyhole approach in surgical treatment of petroclival meningioma has not been well evaluated. This report summarized our experience in 25 patients with petroclival meningioma who had been treated with keyhole approach surgery. Methods From July 2000 to July 2005, 25 patients with petroclival meningioma were subjected to resection via subtemporal, retrosigmoid or combined keyhole approaches. The extent of tumor resection was evaluated by MRI 3 months after surgery, and postoperative complications were investigated. Results The maximum diameter of tumors ranged from 2 to 7 cm （mean, 4.5 cm）. Gross total resection （GTR） was achieved in 14 patients, giving a GTR rate of 56%. Subtotal resection （STR） was carried out in 8 patients and partial resection in 3. Thirteen patients kept normal neurological status, whereas others suffered from cranial nerve deficits （Ⅶ, Ⅶ, Ⅲ and lower CN）. One patient died in the postoperative period. Conclusions Keyhole approach surgery, especially the combined keyhole approach is suitable for the treatment of petroclival meningioma. It provides easy and quick access to the supra- and infratentorial juxta-clival region without drilling of the petrous bone. Complications related to the approach can be minimized.     

颞下-乙状窦后联合锁孔入路显微手术治疗岩斜区脑膜瘤

目的：探讨应用颞下-乙状窦后联合锁孔入路显微手术切除岩斜区脑膜瘤的方法和经验,以及岩斜区脑膜瘤的微侵袭手术入路和方法,提高肿瘤的全部切除率与术后疗效。方法：回顾性分析经颞下-乙状窦后联合锁孔入路治疗的21例岩斜区脑膜瘤的临床资料,总结联合锁孔手术的方法和技巧,并对肿瘤切除程度和手术前后功能状态评分（Karnofsky performance score,KPS）进行分析,其中在神经导航引导下手术9例,在神经电生理监测下进行的手术12例。结果：肿瘤全部切除(Simpson Ⅰ、Ⅱ级)18例(85.7%,18/21),次(近)切除(SimpsonⅢ级)3例(14.3%, 3/21),术后三维CT显露锁孔骨瓣复位良好,术后病理均证实为脑膜瘤。术后新增颅神经功能障碍或原有神经功能障碍加重5例(23.8%),其中短暂性滑车神经3例、外展神经1例、三叉神经运动支麻痹1例。出现外展神经麻痹的1例,同时伴有听力障碍加重。术后3个月随访时,11例KPS同术前,7例术后改善,3例加重。KPS平均评分77.14±23.12,与术前比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。术后随访半年,恢复良好者19例（KPS≥70）,恢复一般2例（KPS＜70）。术后随访3~29个月,无肿瘤复发或进展。结论：颞下-乙状窦后联合锁孔入路是简便、安全、微创、理想的切除岩斜区脑膜瘤的手术入路,掌握手术技巧和术中注意事项,有利于提高肿瘤的全部切除率和术后疗效。