首发未经治疗的强迫症患者局部脑血流变化及其与执行功能缺陷的关系

目的 检测强迫症患者大脑局部脑血流(Regional Cerebral Blood flow,rCBF),分析其与执行功能损害的关系.方法 对26例强迫症患者及20例正常对照者,在静息和激活(即执行认知活动)状态下,应用SPECT进行脑rCBF显像.采用统计参数图(Statistical Parametric Mapping,SPM)分析强迫症患者大脑rCBF变化特点.应用威斯康星卡片分类测验改良版(Modified Wisconsin Card Sorting Test,M-WCST)评价其执行功能.结果 与对照组相比,在激活状态下患者组的基底节和左枕叶rCBF增高(Z＞ 3.29,P＜ 0.001),静息状态下左顶下小叶及小脑蚓部rCBF降低(Z＞3.29,P＜0.001);患者组WCST的完成分类数(4.13±2.00)、正确应答数(67.13±10.43)、错误应答数(47.13±22.41)、持续错误数(18.10±11.33)等成绩均差于正常对照组[分别为(5.43±1.10)、(83.37±14.22)、(27.43±13.47)、(5.53±3.36)](JP＜0.05或P＜0.01).患者组WCST与左侧额叶直回、眶回CBF明显相关(Z＞ 3.29,P＜ 0.001).结论 强迫症患者存基底节、枕叶和小脑rCBF灌注异常,执行功能损伤与眶额叶功能有关；强迫症病理机制包括眶额叶-基底节循环,及枕叶和小脑功能紊乱.     

抑郁症患者局部脑血流灌注变化研究

目的 分析抑郁症患者单光子发射型计算机断层显像(SPECT)局部脑血流(SCBF)灌注变化的特点,并初步探讨rCBF显像在抑郁症患者中的诊断价值. 方法 对10例正常人及临床诊断为抑郁症的32例患者分别进行SPECT局部脑血流灌注显像,利用感兴趣区(ROI)法观察rCBF情况;11例患者同期行MRI普通扫描.结果 32例抑郁症患者中31例发现rCBF显像异常,共检出71个病灶,分别位于双侧额叶、颞叶、基底节、海马、扣带回及左侧岛叶,其中57个病灶位于颞叶、海马、扣带回及岛叶,即边缘系统,9个病灶位于额叶,5个病灶位于基底节;基底节区病灶局部脑血流灌注均增高,其他部位病灶均降低;双侧大脑半球rCBF病灶构成比差异无统计学意义(χ~2=409,P=0.790).11例患者同期做MRI扫描,3例发现异常(2例轻度脑萎缩,1例海马萎缩),而此11例患者rCBF显像均发现异常.1例正常人rCBF未发现异常显像.结论 大多数抑郁症患者存在脑边缘系统rCBF降低,部分患者存在基底节区rCBF增高.SPECT能敏感地发现抑郁症患者rCBF灌注的变化,对抑郁症的诊断具有一定的价值.     

精神分裂症患者基础及认知激活状态局部脑血流的研究

目的 探讨精神分裂症患者基础及认知激活状态局部脑血流量(rCBF)特点及精神分裂症症状与rCBF之间的关系。方法 患者组为49例未用过抗精神病药治疗的精神分裂患者,对照组为26名正常人。以阳性及阴性症状量表（PANSS）等量表评定患者组疾病严重程度,用双日法进行基础及认知激活状态单光子发射计算机断层扫描（SPECT）脑显像,以威斯康星卡片分类试验（ WCST）为认知激活工具。结果 患者组基础状态时左颞叶外侧部及左右颞叶后下部rCBF比值明显高于对照组（P＝0.050,0.002及0.001)。认知激活状态时与基础状态时比较,对照组左额叶外侧中部及右枕叶上部的血流灌注明显增加（ P＝0.001及0.033);患者组各感兴趣区（region of interest,ROI）血流灌注无明显变化。PANSS阳性量表及阳性症状量靛（SAPS）评分与左颞叶外侧部、右颞枕部、右颞叶后上部、右枕叶上部、右顶叶中部及左右顶叶等ROI的rCBF比值呈正相关。结论 精神分裂症患者可能存在潜在的额叶功能低下,阳性症状的严重程度与一些ROI的血流灌注量有关。     

脑CT灌注成像在首发抑郁症患者诊断中的效果

目的分析脑CT灌注成像在首发抑郁症患者中的诊断价值。方法选取本院2020年1月～2021年1月期间收治的180例首发抑郁症患者作为观察组,同时选取同期门诊体检的180例健康人员作为对照组,均进行脑CT灌注成像检查,比较两组平扫、增强扫描后颅脑各脑叶CT值。结果 (1)两组左顶叶、右顶叶、左颞叶、右颞叶、左枕叶、右枕叶平扫后CT值、TIP、MTT、rCBF、rCBV差异无统计学意义(P0.05),观察组左额叶、右额叶平扫CT值均低于对照组(P0.05)。(2)两组左顶叶、右顶叶、左颞叶、右颞叶、左枕叶、右枕叶增强扫描后CT值、TIP、MTT、rCBF、rCBV差异无统计学意义(P0.05),观察组左额叶、右额叶增强扫描CT值均低于对照组(P0.05)。结论首发抑郁症患者左右额叶脑组织密度CT值均低于正常对照,可能存在大脑额叶功能改变,对首发抑郁症诊断具有一定的临床价值。     

成人抑郁症患者儿童期受虐对神经系统软体征的影响

目的:研究抑郁症患者儿童期受虐待对神经系统软体征的影响. 方法:对103例抑郁症患者行儿童受虐问卷、神经系统软体征、汉密尔顿抑郁量表、自杀意念量表以及Beck绝望量表评定.结果:①儿童受虐患者较未受虐者额叶有更多的软体征(2.51±1.61,1.77±1.25,P＜0.01).有情感忽视患者额叶软体征也明显高于无情感忽视者(2.53±1.63,1.80±1.25,P＜0.05);有躯体忽视者额叶较无躯体忽视者软体征明显增多(2.41±1.63,1.65±1.00,P＜0.01);有性虐待患者软体征明显高于无性虐待者(6.29±1.83,4.28±2.82,P＜0.01).②受虐总分与额叶和颞叶评分呈明显正相关(r=0.29,P＜0.01;r=0.24,P＜0.05);情感受虐待、情感被忽视及躯体虐待与额叶评分呈明显正相关(r=0.284,0.345,0.218,P＜0.01或0.05).③HAMD与神经系统软体征总分及各脑叶均呈明显正相关;自杀意念量表评分与神经系统软体征总分及额叶、顶叶、颞叶软体征评分呈明显正相关. 结论:抑郁症患者儿童期受虐对大脑有不利影响,不同虐待可对不同脑区产生损害,主要在额叶.     

强迫症的局部脑血流动态显像研究

目的　探讨强迫症患者各脑叶的代谢状态及脑功能异常与其发病的关系。　　方法　采用单光子发射计算机扫描 (SPECT)技术 ,对未服药的 2 2例强迫症患者于静息及症状诱发状态下行局部脑血流 (rCBF)动态显像研究。　　结果　 1 8例有rCBF异常 ,表现为皮层内局限性放射性分布稀疏、缺损区 ,异常脑叶主要为顶叶、额叶、颞叶 ,并发现脑功能异常与强迫症状的严重程度及药物治疗反应有关。　　结论　大脑顶叶、额叶等脑叶的功能异常是部分强迫症发病的神经病理学基础     

晚发型偏头痛与青年偏头痛临床特点的比较

目的 比较晚发型偏头痛和青年偏头痛患者的临床特点.方法 对40例晚发型偏头痛患者(晚发型组)和40例青年偏头痛患者(青年组)的临床资料进行收集和比较.结果 晚发型组19例(47.5％)发病有明显诱因,青年组3例(7.5％)有明显诱因,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).晚发型组中先兆型偏头痛6例(15.0％),无先兆型33例(82.5％),偏瘫型1例(2.5％);青年组先兆型偏头痛15例(37.5％),无先兆型25例(62.5％).晚发型组中先兆型比率显著低于青年组(P＜0.05).晚发型组单侧头痛及额部头痛的比率及头痛程度显著低于青年组,双侧头痛及全头痛的比率显著高于青年组(均P＜0.05).晚发型组伴面色苍白、厌食及口干的比率显著高于青年组(均P＜0.05).晚发型组头痛性质、持续时间、发作频率及缓解因素与青年组比较,差异无统计学意义.结论 与青年偏头痛相比,晚发型偏头痛患者发作有诱因的比率高,出现先兆症状少,头痛程度轻,多为双侧及全头痛;易合并自主神经症状.     

强迫症与抑郁症的脑单光子发射计算机断层扫描对照研究

目的探讨强迫症、抑郁症局部脑血流量(rCBF)特点。方法应用单光子发射计算机断层扫描(SPECT)技术,对首发且未经治疗的39例强迫症患者、36例抑郁症患者和39名正常人于静息状态下行脑血流显像。以小脑皮质的放射性计数值为参考,对局部脑血流进行半定量分析。结果强迫症组两侧前额叶、前颞叶rCBF高于正常组(P<0.01);抑郁症组两侧前额叶、枕叶、扣带回及右前颞叶、右顶叶rCBF低于正常组(P<0.05);在两侧前额叶、前颞叶、顶叶、枕叶及右后额叶、扣带回,强迫症组rCBF高于抑郁症组(P<0.05)。结论强迫症组的前额叶及前颞叶呈高灌注改变,抑郁症组脑血流普遍低灌注,SPECT技术可望作为二者鉴别诊断的客观依据之一。     

白质疏松与局部脑血流痴呆关系的初步探讨

目的 探讨白质疏松(LA)患者的局部脑血流(rCBF)变化及与痴呆之间的关系.方法 采用单光子发射计算断层扫描(SPECT),测定24例伴有LA[LA(+)]、25 例不伴有LA[LA(-)] 的多发性脑梗死患者及10例正常对照者的rCBF,并进行智能评分及相关分析.结果 与[LA(- )]组相比,[LA(+)]组患者额叶及顶叶皮质、LA区域的rCBF显著减少(P<0.05);痴呆例除颞叶皮质外各脑区rCBF均减少(P<0.05,P<0.01);非痴呆例仅额叶皮质与LA区域、颞叶皮质 rCBF减少(P<0.05);LA(+)组长谷川智能评分与额叶皮质及LA区域rCBF呈正相关(r 分别为0. 765,0.439).结论 LA(+)的多发性脑梗死患者LA区域及皮质区域灌流不足,持续低流状态可引起脑神经机能低下,进而促进痴呆发生.     

大脑静息葡萄糖代谢改变与情绪障碍的相关性

目的前瞻性分析大脑静息葡萄糖代谢改变在初诊肺癌患者情绪障碍发病中的临床意义。方法实验组来自临床拟诊肺癌并拟行全身(脑+躯干)18F-氟脱氧葡萄糖(18F-FDG)正电子发射断层显像/计算机体层摄影(PET/CT)检查的患者,对照组来自健康体格检查者。所有被试者在18F-FDG PET/CT检查前接受哈密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)及焦虑量表(MAS)评定,对比分析大脑静息葡萄糖代谢改变、情绪障碍评分以及两者之间的相关性。结果最终纳入155例肺癌患者(实验组)及152例健康体检者(对照组),实验组HAMD评分及MAS评分均高于对照组(t=1.020.P=0.04;t=0.09,P=0.03);实验组脑PET显像存在以双侧额、颞叶为主的多个脑区葡萄糖代谢减低,且受累脑区平均标准化摄取值(SUV)在双侧额叶及左侧颞叶分别与HAMD评分呈负相关(r=0.68、0.60、0.55),在左侧额叶及左侧颞叶分别与MAS评分呈负相关(r=0.59、0.58)。结论大脑静息葡萄糖代谢改变与情绪障碍在肺癌患者中具有显著相关性,且以额叶为著。脑葡萄糖代谢改变可能是肺癌患者情绪障碍发病的神经病理基础,有望作为神经生物学标记用于临床评估。     

Mental illness in England,in Scotland and in Scots living in England

Summary Beginning from the observation that Scots living in England have much higher rates of mental hospital admission than do the English, several hypotheses are proposed to account for this. Much of the excess in rates of mental illness is accounted for by those diagnosed as having alcohol-related disorders and behaviour and personality problems. The results of an examination of offical statistics in the two countries enabled some explanations to be offered. It was found that rates of admissions to mental hospitals are higher in Scotland than in England but not as high as those found among Scots migrants who have a much higher rate of readmission to hospitals than either of the other groups. In fact, if first admissions only are considered the rates of admission in Scotland are not only higher than rates for English natives but also higher than for Scottish migrants. It seems that Scots living in England are somewhat less likely to become mental patients than Scots in Scotland but that once they do achieve this status they are very much more likely to be readmitted on subsequent occasions. It was concluded that there might be two fairly distinct groups of migrants from Scotland to England who have different backgrounds, different reasons for migrating and different psychological characteristics. On the one hand there are stable, economically motivated migrants who move south for definite employment related reasons and who show few psychological symptoms. While on the other hand there is a group of migrants who perhaps have psychological problems and who move more in hope than expectation without definite prospects and who account for the high rates of mental hospital admission found in Scottish migrants.     

Prostacyclin release in the coronary circulation during sustained stimulation in in vitro and in in vivo experimental systems

Prostacyclin release from rat isolated perfused hearts and from dog coronary circulation was studied by measuring immunoreactive 6-keto-PGF1 alpha (6-keto-PGF1a) in heart perfusate and in plasma obtained from the great cardiac vein respectively. Continuous infusion of arachidonic acid at constant concentration in isolated perfused hearts induced an increased prostacyclin release. This release showed a rapid peak within 10 min and a subsequent decrease. Low-flow ischemia induced an increased perfusate concentration of 6-keto-PGF1a but, considering the decreased flow, prostacyclin release was actually reduced. During the whole period of ischemia (60 min) prostacyclin release was constant. In open-chest anesthetized dogs 6-keto-PGF1a concentration in the great cardiac vein was increased after ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. A prolonged period of coronary occlusion (4.5 hours) resulted in a progressive rise of prostacyclin release. 6-keto-PGF1a determinations in the femoral vein and in the aorta did not show relevant variations during the observation period.     

癫痫与抑郁关系的研究进展

抑郁是癫痫患者中常见的精神障碍,严重地影响了患者的生活质量。传统的观点认为癫痫患者因为存在着诸多社会学问题易出现抑郁倾向,癫痫和抑郁是单向的联系,但大量的研究已经证明癫痫和抑郁之间存在双向的联系,一种异常状态的存在可能易转化为另一种异常状态的发展。癫痫和抑郁存在着共同的发病机制。本文主要就癫痫和抑郁的双向联系以及抗抑郁药物在癫痫患者中的应用进行阐述。     

神经介入：回眸2022

<正>2022年,国际上公布了多项大型神经介入领域的随机对照试验（randomized controlled trial,RCT）结果,在血管内治疗（endovascular treatment,EVT）急性大血管闭塞（large vessel occlusion,LVO）适应证的扩展、药物治疗、管理,症状性颅内动脉粥样硬化性狭窄（symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis,sICAS）治疗,无症状性颈动脉狭窄治疗,     

Neuroimaging in epilepsy in tropics

Epilepsy is a major public health problem in many tropical countries. Also, some of the tropical diseases are major contributors to the higher prevalence of epilepsy in these countries. The etiologic factors responsible for epilepsy in these countries are quite different from those in the developed world. This article discusses the etiologic factors and neuroimaging of epilepsy in light of the conditions in these tropical countries.