桥式皮瓣联合游离植皮负压封闭引流修复下肢大面积环形软组织缺损

目的 探讨健侧胫后血管皮瓣桥携带游离皮瓣的桥式皮瓣联合游离植皮负压封闭引流(VSD)治疗下肢严重创伤后大面积环形软组织缺损的临床应用价值.方法 2008年1月至2010年6月,应用桥式皮瓣联合游离植皮VSD治疗11例患者,年龄15～52岁,平均32.5岁,男性7例,女性4例,均为下肢严重创伤后深部组织裸露或坏死感染的大面积环形软组织缺损,6例同时合并骨折.经彻底清创后,对不稳定骨折行外固定支架固定或简便内固定,然后采用VSD治疗1 ～2次,每次5～7d.待创面肉芽组织生长较新鲜后,采用桥式皮瓣移植修复患侧骨及深部组织裸露的创面,皮瓣周围残留的创面采用游离植皮VSD覆盖修复.术后对皮瓣移植区及皮片植皮区的存活情况和愈合质量进行随访.结果 11例患者经清创负压封闭引流5～14 d后,创面肉芽组织生长良好.再次清创后应用桥式皮瓣移植联合游离植皮VSD覆盖治疗,皮瓣移植区组织全部成活且质地、外观满意,感染控制良好,未形成窦道.6例游离植皮区由于面积较大术后遗留部分散在创面,4例经再次植皮,2例经积极换药后均完全消灭创面,游离皮瓣移植成功率100％.术后随访5～ 24个月,平均10.6个月,皮瓣质地柔软,外形良好,患肢功能恢复满意.结论 对于严重创伤后深部组织裸露的下肢大面积环形软组织缺损,VSD覆盖技术可有效修复创面,最大限度地恢复患肢的功能.     

膝部严重烧创伤后皮肤软组织缺损的系统治疗

目的 探讨膝部严重烧(创)伤后皮肤软组织缺损的系统治疗方法. 方法 选择2009年1月-2011年12月笔者单位收治的20例严重烧(创)伤后膝部皮肤软组织缺损的患者,膝部皮肤缺损面积为5 cm×4 cm～30 cm×20 cm.创面行早期积极清创、VSD治疗、滴注冲洗控制感染,采用游离皮片+皮瓣或单纯皮瓣移植修复.皮瓣移植包括8例局部皮瓣移植,12例游离皮瓣移植.局部皮瓣包括局部旋转或易位皮瓣6例,隐动脉皮瓣2例.12例游离皮瓣包括股前外侧皮瓣8例,背阔肌肌皮瓣4例.皮瓣面积6 cm×5 cm～32 cm×22 cm.创面愈合后早期进行膝关节康复训练.结果 采用游离皮片+皮瓣移植术的15例患者皮瓣移植后完全成活,其中13例完全愈合,2例因感染出现少部分皮片成活欠佳,经补充植皮后创面愈合.另5例单纯皮瓣移植患者中1例游离皮瓣下发生感染,经持续滴注冲洗、湿敷换药、手术清创并封闭创面后愈合.术后随访1～3年,膝关节活动良好. 结论 采用包括积极清创、VSD治疗、滴注冲洗技术及自体大张皮片和(或)皮瓣移植等方法,并结合早期有效的康复训练在内的系统治疗,是修复膝部严重皮肤软组织缺损的有效方法.     

应用封闭式负压引流及游离皮瓣治疗小儿肢体大面积软组织缺损

目的 探讨应用封闭式负压引流(VSD)及游离皮瓣治疗小儿肢体严重创伤性大面积软组织缺损的手术技巧及临床应用价值.方法 应用VSD及游离皮瓣治疗22例患儿,年龄3～10岁,均为四肢严重创伤后大面积软组织缺损,骨、肌腱等深部组织裸露或部分缺损,创面大小12 cm×8cm ～ 34 cm×25 cm,新鲜创面9例,感染坏死性创面13例.创面经彻底清创后,先行VSD覆盖创面.对合并不稳定骨折者,急诊行外固定支架固定骨折或克氏针内固定.5～9 d后去除VSD负压膜,根据软组织缺损及其深部组织损伤情况,再次清创后单纯行游离皮瓣移植修复8例,游离皮瓣加植皮修复14例.术后对皮瓣的存活情况和愈合质量进行随访.结果 合并深部组织裸露的肢体大面积软组织缺损的22例患儿,经负压封闭引流后,局部创面无明显感染,肌腱及骨外露区周围肉芽组织生长良好.再次清创后施行的游离皮瓣移植全部一期成活,未出现血管危象,感染控制良好,没有形成窦道.术后随访6～24个月,皮瓣质地柔软,外形良好,患肢功能恢复满意.结论 对于小儿严重创伤后深部组织裸露的肢体大面积软组织缺损,经彻底清创后,应用封闭式负压引流及游离皮瓣修复,可明显缩短治疗周期,提高手术成功率,最大限度恢复小儿患肢的功能.     

负压封闭引流技术在感染创面修复中的应用

目的:探讨负压封闭引流(Vacuum Sealing drainage,VSD)技术在感染创面修复中的辅助治疗作用。方法:选取2013年1月~2015年11月收治的55例皮肤软组织缺损感染创面,先进行清创后VSD负压吸引,负压吸引后有26个创面经植皮或皮瓣覆盖,有29个创面经植皮或皮瓣转移联合VSD技术修复。对皮片及皮瓣成活情况以及颜色质地进行评价。结果:所有创面皮片及皮瓣成活好,无坏死,随访6个月~1年疗效满意,皮片及皮瓣无破溃。结论:VSD负压吸引可吸除渗液及分泌物,促进感染创面肉芽生长,加速创面愈合,有利于移植皮片及皮瓣成活,在感染创面修复中有较高的应用价值。     

整形外科技术在修复急慢性巨大皮肤软组织创面中的应用

目的探讨整形外科技术在修复皮肤软组织巨大创面中的应用效果。方法对收治的84例急慢性巨大皮肤软组织创面患者,根据创面的不同情况,采用皮片移植、皮瓣移植、负压封闭引流等整形外科技术,修复术区病变切除后的皮肤软组织缺损。结果本组84例患者中,1例因慢性创面形成的窦道位置靠近肛周组织,行手术治疗后,窦道仍未完全愈合,遂转入肛肠科进一步治疗;1例因术后残余创面经久不愈而转院治疗;1例因术后皮片感染而完全坏死,给予清创换药后,愈合切口留有瘢痕;1例创面未愈而自动出院;其余80例患者术后创面均甲级愈合。结论对于急慢性巨大皮肤软组织创面在系统治疗的基础上,应用整形外科治疗技术可获得较满意的形态和功能修复。     

VSD技术在术后创面感染钢板外露中的应用

[目的]探讨四肢骨折术后感染钢板外露的治疗方式.[方法]对因创伤引起的四肢骨折术后感染,造成软组织缺损、钢板外露的患者给予清创、封闭负压引流覆盖创面,待创面清洁并软组织覆盖良好时,行带蒂皮瓣或中厚皮片植皮治疗.[结果]创面肉芽组织生长良好,带蒂皮瓣或中厚皮片全部成活,骨折愈合.术后随访6～12个月修复肢体功能良好,无并发症.[结论] VSD能降低感染风险、减少换药次数、减轻患者疼痛、促进创面修复,是治疗骨折术后创面感染、钢板外露的一种有效方式.     

股前外侧皮瓣移植修复老年四肢软组织缺损

目的探讨应用股前外侧皮瓣移植修复老年四肢软组织缺损、深部组织外露或合并感染创面的临床疗效。方法应用股前外侧皮瓣移植修复老年创伤性四肢软组织缺损、深部组织外露或合并感染创面23例,其中合并感染创面6例。急诊修复2例,一期清创或扩创、二期皮瓣移植21例。结果皮瓣全部成活22例,无血管危象发生,1例皮瓣尖端坏死经换药植皮后愈合。术后随访2～48个月,平均23个月。皮瓣色泽、质地、外形良好。6例感染创面皮瓣修复后有1例皮瓣下方出现部分感染,经二次扩创、置管闭式冲洗后愈合。皮瓣供区直接闭合3例,供区植皮修复20例,伤口均愈合良好,无明显功能障碍。结论股前外侧皮瓣血管蒂长、恒定、切取面积大,皮瓣血运丰富、抗感染能力强,可携带股外侧肌肉形成肌瓣填塞死腔,供区隐蔽,是修复老年四肢创伤性大面积软组织缺损、深部组织外露的理想皮瓣。     

大面积皮肤软组织缺损伴严重感染创面的修复

目的探讨大面积皮肤软组织缺损感染创面的修复方法。方法对15例大面积皮肤软组织缺损伴创面严重感染的患者,经积极换药后均行两次清创手术,首先采用异体皮片移植暂时覆盖创面,再行自体皮肤移植或皮瓣转移修复创面。结果术后经6个月至4年的随访,自体的皮肤和皮瓣移植后均完全成活,创面修复良好。患者平均住院时间38d。结论两次彻底清创和异体皮片移植暂时覆盖创面是修复大面积皮肤软组织缺损严重感染创面的有效方法,值得推广应用。     

难治性感染缺损创面的整形外科修复

目的探讨各种难治性感染缺损创面的治疗方法。方法21例各种难治性感染缺损创面的患者,经全身支持治疗、积极换药后分别行两次清创手术,通过异体皮移植暂时覆盖创面,后再行自体皮肤移植或皮瓣转移最终修复创面。结果移植皮肤和皮瓣均完全愈合,创面得到有效修复,平均住院时间42d。结论通过异体皮移植暂时覆盖创面结合两次彻底清创手术,再综合应用整形外科的各项技术进行难治性感染缺损创面修复的方法,可行有效,值得推广。     

大面积皮肤软组织缺损伴严重感染创面的修复

目的探讨大面积皮肤软组织缺损感染创面的修复方法。方法对15例大面积皮肤软组织缺损伴创面严重感染的患者，经积极换药后均行两次清创手术，首先采用异体皮片移植暂时覆盖创面，再行自体皮肤移植或皮瓣转移修复创面。结果术后经6个月至4年的随访，自体的皮肤和皮瓣移植后均完全成活，创面修复良好。患者平均住院时间38d。结论两次彻底清创和异体皮片移植暂时覆盖创面是修复大面积皮肤软组织缺损严重感染创面的有效方法，值得推广应用。     

负压封闭引流技术在介入治疗后皮肤坏死软组织缺损中的应用

目的：探讨负压封闭引流技术在介入治疗后皮肤坏死软组织缺损创面的治疗作用。方法：对22例介入治疗后有皮肤软组织缺损坏死的患者采用负压封闭引流装置治疗,并在每次更换负压装置时进行清创。经过15～40天,平均28天的治疗后,部分患者在创面上行二期游离皮片或皮瓣转移修复术。结果：22例患者经过治疗后创面清洁、面积缩小、肉芽生长迅速,16例患者在负压引流治疗后创面直接上皮化愈合,6例患者经过游离皮片移植或皮瓣转移修复后愈合。结论：自制简易负压吸引结合间断清创能够减少创面污染、促进肉芽组织生长、加速创面愈合,还可为二期手术创造条件,缩短术前准备时间,且减轻患者痛苦及医务人员工作量。     

Covering of soft tissue defects of the lower leg with adipo-facial flaps

AIM OF THE STUDY: Soft tissue covering on the lower leg is a difficult challenge. A plastic surgical method for covering of these soft tissue defects is presented. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From May 1997 until May 2003 36 patients were treated using neurovascular flaps. Above the sural or the saphenous nerve an adipo-facial flap is dissected, rotated into the defect and fixed without tension. Wound closure of the donor-site defect is done primarily or by mesh-graft. RESULTS: In 35 cases the flap healed without functional impairment. Primary healing was achieved in 30 patients. In 5 cases partial loss of the skin island was registered, whereby subcutaneous tissue remained vital. Revision by mesh-graft transplantation led to successful healing in these patients. In only one patient necrosis of the flap was seen. CONCLUSION: Neurovascular flaps usually result in reliable and complete healing of soft tissue defects of the lower extremity.     

Treatment of soft tissue defects in pediatric patients using the V.A.C. system

Twenty-seven consecutive pediatric patients presenting to the orthopaedic surgery or plastic surgery services were reviewed after completion of wound care with the Vacuum Assisted Closure (V.A.C.) system. Each patient presented with complex soft tissue wounds requiring coverage procedures. Patients with acute wounds and wounds present after nonsuccessful attempts at surgical closure (dehisced incisions and failed flaps) were treated. All soft tissue defects healed without extensive coverage procedures using the V.A.C. system. In the majority of patients, use of the V.A.C. system produced a profuse bed of granulation tissue over all exposed bone, tendon, joint, and/or hardware, which could be covered with split thickness skin graft. Other patients were treated successfully with delayed primary closure, local flap advancement (one patient underwent a pedicled cross-leg flap), or by secondary intention. Use of the V.A.C. device is valuable in increasing the rate of granulation tissue formation and healing of extensive soft tissue injuries in pediatric patients. This vacuum system aids in the debridement of necrotic tissue and local soluble inflammatory mediators that may inhibit the proliferation of granulation tissue. These improvements in the local wound environment seem to accelerate wound healing compared with traditional methods. Before the development of the V.A.C. system, a minimum of nine patients within this group would have required free tissue transfer to obtain adequate coverage. The V.A.C. device seems to permit earlier coverage with local tissue or split-thickness skin grafting techniques, thereby decreasing the need for extensive microvascular tissue transfers in pediatric patients.     

跟腱外露难愈创面的封闭式负压吸引治疗

目的:总结封闭式负压引流(vacuum-assisted closure,VAC)技术治疗跟腱外露创面的良好效果,为这类创面修复提供更好的治疗方法。方法:2007年1月~2014年3月,笔者应用VAC治疗18例跟腱外露患者,其中跟腱断裂术后9例,车祸伤4例,重物卡压伤2例,钢绳切割伤1例,Ⅲ度烧伤1例,Ⅲ度电击伤1例。围手术期准备后,尽快手术扩创,行创面VAC治疗。结果:所有创面经VAC治疗后,创面明显缩小,肉芽生长迅速,部分或全部覆盖外露肌腱,其中12例全部被肉芽组织覆盖,行薄中厚皮片移植修复,11例患者一期愈合。余仍有部分肌腱外露者,5例行邻近皮瓣修复,全部一期愈合;1例行人工真皮加自体刃厚皮片移植一次性修复,所有创面一期愈合率达94.4%。所有患者均随访6月~3年,无复发,局部无挛缩,功能恢复良好。结论:VAC治疗跟腱外露难愈创面,明显缩短疗程,有效防治肌腱坏死,减少手术创伤及治疗疼痛,提高愈合质量。     

Granulation Tissue Flap Technique in Extensive Wounds for Covering Exposed Bone After Tumor Excision

BACKGROUND: Second intention partial wound healing followed by skin grafting is a well-established method in dermatosurgery. In wide tumor excision, where periosteum is removed, growth of granulation tissue in the central areas of bare bone can be prolonged. OBJECTIVE: We describe a new technique for a faster, reliable closure of large defects utilizing granulation tissue flaps. METHODS: Postoperative wounds were treated with wet dressings until granulation tissue had developed on the wound edges. The central defects were then covered with lateral granulation tissue flaps. Subsequently split skin grafting was performed. RESULTS: Thirty-eight patients (37-99 years old) were treated between 1991 and 1999. Skin defects were located primarily on the scalp and forehead, and ranged from 3 to 13 cm in diameter. Wound bed preparation for skin grafting was achieved in all patients. Only minor complications, such as partial granulation flap necrosis in 5 of 38 patients or delayed skin graft healing in 4 of 38 patients, were seen. CONCLUSIONS: This technique for the closure of extensive skin defects is safe and effective.     

筋膜皮瓣修复小腿开放性骨折并软组织缺损

1988年～1991年,用筋膜皮瓣修复胫脖骨开放性骨折并软组织缺损27例。一期闭合创面11例,延期创面修复16例,均获得较好的效果。筋膜皮瓣血运丰富,愈合力强,可以不受创面位置的限制,不牺牲知名血管,手术简单。对伤口周围软组织挫伤程度的正确估计,是选择一期或延期皮瓣转移的先决条件。     

游离腹直肌瓣加植皮修复小腿及足踝部软组织缺损

目的探讨应用游离腹直肌瓣加中厚游离植皮修复小腿和足踝部软组织缺损的方法和疗效.方法 1998年5月～2002年12月,采用以腹壁下动、静脉为蒂的一侧腹直肌瓣游离移植加中厚植皮修复2例小腿、9例足踝部因外伤所致软组织缺损伴有骨、肌腱外露及骨髓炎患者.病程为1个月～10年.缺损范围3 cm×4 cm～8 cm×14 cm;切取腹直肌瓣4 cm×6 cm～8 cm×15 cm.结果术后11例移植肌瓣均成活,8例创口Ⅰ期愈合,3例移植中厚皮片坏死经再植皮后愈合.11例术后获随访6个月～4年,外形及功能良好.结论游离腹直肌瓣加中厚游离植皮修复小腿与足踝部软组织缺损具有血运好、抗感染力强和顺应性好等优点,可用于填充缺损及修复不规则创面,术后外形良好,克服了肌皮瓣肥厚臃肿的缺点.     

前足皮肤缺损的皮瓣修复

目的总结不同类型皮瓣修复前足部皮肤缺损的疗效。方法根据前足皮肤缺损的部位,采用不同类型的外科皮瓣修复50例,其中交腿皮瓣2例,带蒂逆行岛状皮瓣20例,吻合血管的游离皮瓣28例。结果除3例带蒂逆行岛状皮瓣远端部分坏死,行植皮创面愈合外,其余皮瓣全部成活。创面一期愈合47例,二期愈合3例;术后皮瓣整形17例。随访6个月～2年,足部功能及外形恢复较满意。结论根据足部皮肤缺损的部位、面积大小及周围组织条件．选择不同娄型外科皮瓣修兔创面．可获得满意效果．     

负压封闭引流联合皮瓣治疗下肢严重软组织缺损

目的探讨采用负压封闭引流技术(VSD)联合皮瓣治疗合并严重软组织缺损的开放性骨折的疗效。方法将58例下肢开放性骨折合并严重软组织缺损的患者分为两组:对照组(27例)给予普通清创,二期内固定并植皮或皮瓣转移修复创面;VSD组(31例)急诊清创后采用一期内固定联合VSD固定骨折并封闭创口,7～21 d后根据肉芽生长情况给予二期缝合、植皮或皮瓣转移。结果骨折愈合时间:对照组6～18(9.8±2.91)个月,VSD组4～10(6.29±1.88)个月,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。创面愈合时间:对照组20～95(46.81±16.80)d,VSD组14～33(19.68±5.30)d,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),GustiloⅢA型与ⅢB型骨折两组骨折愈合时间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而创面愈合时间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01、P<0.05)。结论 VSD联合皮瓣能够明显缩短合并严重软组织并骨缺损的开放性骨折的治疗周期。     

Outcome and management of infected wounds after total hip arthroplasty

Infected wounds after total hip arthroplasty can be limb threatening. Management strategies are designed to eradicate infection, to obtain stable wound coverage, and to preserve the prosthesis. However, there is no general consensus for optimal management. The authors reviewed their 7-year combined orthopaedic and plastic surgical experience to provide a protocol for management. Ten patients (six women and four men) with a mean age of 60 years (range, 41-82 years) were studied. Primary hip diagnoses included arthritis (n = 8) and avascular necrosis (n = 2). Wound analysis included the size, depth, and infection as well as exposure of bone, joint capsule, and prosthetic components. Follow-up ranged from 1 to 6 years (mean, 3.9). Primary plastic surgical operations included a pedicle muscle flap (n = 4), debridement and local wound care (n = 3), and delayed wound closure (n = 3). Salvage of the total hip arthroplasty was achieved in 6 of 10 patients. Complete wound healing was achieved in 9 of 10 patients. The authors conclude that salvage of the infected hip prosthesis is accomplished best via early recognition, irrigation, debridement, and plastic surgery consultation. Management strategies include muscle flap coverage for complex wounds associated with exposure of prosthetic components, bone, or hardware; debridement with delayed closure or skin graft for large superficial wounds without deep structure involvement; and local wound care for small superficial wounds, poor surgical candidates with clean wounds, and when surgical options are not possible.