CD_3单抗诱导的T细胞功能检测法

建立了用特异性刺激原白细胞分化抗原３（ＣＤ＿３）单克隆抗体（单抗）诱导外周血淋巴细胞（ＰＢＬ）增殖转化、产生白细胞介素－２（ＩＬ－２）及ＩＬ－２受体（ＩＬ－２Ｒ）表达等检测Ｔ细胞功能的方法，并对其实验影响因素进行探讨。结果表明：ＣＤ＿３单抗诱导ＰＢＬ活化的过程与Ｔ细胞在体内的活化过程相符；ＣＤ＿３单抗的丝裂原作用所需浓度范围广、用量少；由ＣＤ＿３单抗诱导的ＰＢＬ转化能力受ＣＤ＿３单抗的浓度和培养时间的影响；ＣＤ＿３单抗与植物血凝素（ＰＨＡ）活化Ｔ细胞的效应，在Ｔ细胞增殖方面二者呈显著正相关，而在ＩＬ－２活性和ＩＬ－２Ｒ表达方面则无相关性。     

CD3单抗诱导的T细胞功能检测法

建立了用特异性刺激原白细胞分化抗原３（ＣＤ３）单克隆抗体（单抗）诱导外周血淋巴细胞（ＰＢＬ）增殖转化、产生白细胞介素－２（ＩＬ－２）及ＩＬ－２受体（ＩＬ－２Ｒ）表达等检测Ｔ细胞功能的方法，并对其实验影响因素进行探讨。结果表明：ＣＤ３单抗诱导ＰＢＬ活化的过程与Ｔ细胞在体内的活化过程相符；ＣＤ３单抗的丝裂原作用所需浓度范围广、用量少；由ＣＤ３单抗诱导的ＰＢＬ转化能力受ＣＤ３单抗的浓度和培养时间的影响；     

小鼠GM-CSF基因修饰瘤苗腹腔免疫对抗原提呈细胞数量和功能的促进效应

目的 观察小鼠粒－巨噬细胞集落刺激因子（ｍＧＭ－ＣＳＦ）基因修饰的瘤苗体内免疫小鼠后的抗肿瘤效应以及对抗原提呈细胞数量和功能的影响。方法 应用腺病毒载体介导ｍＧＭ－ＣＳＦ基因修饰ＦＢＬ－３小鼠红白血病细胞,灭活后用作瘤苗腹腔免疫小鼠,检测免疫后体内诱导的细胞毒性Ｔ淋巴细胞（ＣＴＬ）活性,观察小鼠存活期;计数免疫后腹腔中抗原提呈细胞（ＡＰＣｓ）的数量,流式细胞仪分析腹腔贴壁细胞中３３Ｄ１＾＋树突头细     

白细胞介素2基因和白细胞介素3基因共转染白血病瘤苗的抗白…

目的：研究白细胞介素２（ＩＬ－２）和白细胞介素３（ＩＬ－３）基因共转染的白血病细胞瘤苗对白血病的小鼠的治疗效果。方法：用ＩＬ－２重组腺病毒（Ａｄ－ＩＬ－２）和（或）ＩＬ－３重组腺病毒转染红白轿病细胞株ＦＢＬ－３，＾６０Ｃｏ射后制备成瘤苗对实验性白血病小鼠进行治疗，观察肿瘤生长，小鼠生存期及治疗后小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞，ＮＫ细胞，诱导杀伤性Ｔ淋巴细胞（ＣＴＬ）杀伤活性，并与低剂量环磷酰胺合用，观察其抗肿瘤     

特发性血小板减少性紫癜患者白细胞介素2及T淋巴细胞研究

应用小鼠脾细胞法及间接免疫荧光法检测了２６例ＩＴＰ患者外周血淋巴细胞产生白细胞介素２（ＩＬ－２）及其受体（ＩＬ－２Ｒ）能力与Ｔ细胞亚群百分率。结果表明，ＩＴＰ患者外周血淋巴细胞产生ＩＬ－２及ＩＬ－２Ｒ的能力低下，Ｔ辅助细胞（ＣＤ＿４￣＋）百分率降低，Ｔ抑制细胞（ＣＤ＿８￣＋）百分率增高（Ｐ＜０．０１）。ＩＬ－２活性与ＣＤ＿４￣＋／ＣＤ＿８￣＋比值呈正相关。１０例ＩＴＰ患者血清可使正常外周血单个核细胞产生ＩＬ－２减少和ＩＬ－２Ｒ表达能力降低。     

IL-2和(或)IL-3重组腺病毒直接体内注射对大剂量化疗后小鼠造血功能恢复的影响

目的：检测应用直接腹腔注射白细胞介素２（ＩＬ－２）重组腺病毒和（或）白细胞介素３（ＩＬ－３）重组腺病毒方法对化疗后小鼠造血功能恢复的影响。方法：正常小鼠腹腔注射大剂量环磷酰胺（２００ｍｇ／ｋｇ）２４小时后，直接腹腔注射ＩＬ－２重组腺病毒（Ａｄ－ＩＬ－２）和（或）ＩＬ－３重组腺病毒（Ａｄ－ＩＬ－３），用逆转录－聚合酶链反应（ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ）检测相应细胞内细胞因子ｍＲＮＡ，并持续观察小鼠外周血白细胞、股骨单个核细胞、骨髓ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ的恢复情况。结果：腹腔注射Ａｄ－ＩＬ－２和（或）Ａｄ－ＩＬ－３组小鼠腹腔细胞可测及相应细胞因子ｍＲＮＡ，血清中可测及相应细胞因子；腹腔注射Ａｄ－ＩＬ－３组小鼠外周血白细胞、股骨单个核细胞、骨髓ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ最低值均显著提高（Ｐ＜０．０５），但腹腔注射Ａｄ－ＩＬ－２组小鼠对化疗后小鼠造血功能无明显影响，联合应用Ａｄ－ＩＬ－２和Ａｄ－ＩＬ－３与单独应用Ａｄ－ＩＬ－３相比无显著性差异。结论：腹腔直接注射Ａｄ－ＩＬ－３能促进化疗后小鼠造血功能的恢复。     

慢性髓系白血病细胞来源的树突状细胞

慢性髓系白血病（ＣＭＬ）细胞起源于ＣＭＬ多能造血干细胞,树突状细胞（ｄｅｎｄｒｉｔｉｃ ｃｅｌｌ,ＤＣ）是功能强大的抗原提呈细胞。ＣＭＬ细胞在ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ、ＩＬ－４、ＴＮＦ－α等细胞因子的共同作用下,在体外可以诱导生成ＣＭＬ－ＤＣ,在自体或异体条件下均能刺激Ｔ细胞的显增殖,发挥特异性的抗ＣＭＬ细胞毒效应。     

IL—2和（或）IL—3重组腺病毒直接体内注射对大剂量化疗后小鼠造血 …

目的；检测应用直接腹腔注射白细胞介素２（ＩＬ－２）重组腺病毒和（或）白细胞介素３（ＩＬ－３）重组腺病毒方法对化疗后小鼠造血功能恢复的影响。方法：正常小鼠腹腔注射大剂量环磷酰胺２４小时后，直接腹腔注射ＩＬ－２重组腺病毒和ＩＬ－３重组腺病毒，用逆转录－聚合酶链反应（ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ）检测相应细胞内细胞因子ｍＲＮＡ，并持观察小鼠外周血白细胞，股骨单个核细胞、骨髓ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ的恢复情况。结果：腹腔注射Ａｄ－Ｉ     

不同造血生长因子对脐血有核细胞体外扩增作用的实验研究

目的：探讨造血生长因子不同组合方式对脐血有核细胞的扩增作用以及脐血扩增后Ｔ淋巴细胞和ＨＬＡ－ＡＢ、ＤＲ阳性细胞变化情况。方法：在脐血有核细胞体外培养体系中分别加入不同组合的细胞因子，观察细胞数、ＣＤ３４＋细胞、ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ、Ｔ４（ＣＤ４＋ＣＤ８－ＣＤ３＋）细胞、Ｔ８（ＣＤ４－ＣＤ８＋ＣＤ３＋）细胞以及ＨＬＡ－ＡＢ、ＤＲ阳性细胞的变化。结果：脐血有核细胞在体外液体培养体系中，经重组人干细胞因子（ｒｈＳＣＦ）、白细胞介素（ＩＬ）－３、ＩＬ－６、粒细胞集落刺激因子（Ｇ－ＣＳＦ）、粒－巨噬细胞集落刺激因子（ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ）和红细胞生成素（Ｅｐｏ）的作用下扩增效果最佳。结论：脐血有核细胞在各种造血生长因子的协同作用下可以在体外扩增。脐血扩增后Ｔ４、Ｔ８细胞减少，可能会降低脐血移植急性ＧＶＨＤ发生，但ＨＬＡ－ＡＢ和ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ阳性细胞数急剧上升，增加了免疫排斥的可能性。     

白细胞介素2基因和白细胞介素3基因共转染白血病瘤苗的抗白血病作用的实验研究

目的：研究白细胞介素２（ＩＬ－２）和白细胞介素３（ＩＬ－３）基因共转染的白血病细胞瘤苗对白血病小鼠的治疗效果。方法：用ＩＬ－２重组腺病毒（Ａｄ－ＩＬ－２）和（或）ＩＬ－３重组腺病毒（Ａｄ－ＩＬ－３）转染红白血病细胞株ＦＢＬ－３，６０Ｃｏ照射后制备成瘤苗对实验性白血病小鼠进行治疗，观察肿瘤生长，小鼠生存期及治疗后小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞、ＮＫ细胞、诱导杀伤性Ｔ淋巴细胞（ＣＴＬ）杀伤活性，并与低剂量环磷酰胺（ＣＴＸ）合用，观察其抗肿瘤作用。结果：用ＩＬ－２或ＩＬ－３基因转染瘤苗治疗的白血病小鼠肿瘤生长明显减缓，生存期显著延长（Ｐ＜０．０５），用联合转染ＩＬ－２和ＩＬ－３基因的瘤苗治疗较单独转染ＩＬ－２或ＩＬ－３基因的瘤苗治疗效果更佳，与低剂量ＣＴＸ合用后抗肿瘤效果最佳。治疗后小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞、ＮＫ细胞、ＣＴＬ细胞杀伤活性显著增强。结论：ＩＬ－２、ＩＬ－３基因转染的瘤苗能够有效地通过诱导机体抗肿瘤免疫功能而发挥抗肿瘤作用，与低剂量ＣＴＸ合用后，抗肿瘤效果更佳。     

IL-2基因修饰增强白血病抗原冲击的树突状细胞诱导的抗肿瘤免疫反应

树突状细胞（ｄｅｎｄｒｉｔｉｃｃｅｌｌ,ＤＣ）是目前所知的最有效的激活初始型Ｔ细胞的专职抗原提呈细胞（ａｎｔｉｇｅｎｐｒｅｓｅｎｔｉｎｇｃｅｌｌ,ＡＰＣ）,也是功能最强的ＡＰＣ,在肿瘤免疫治疗中具有独特的地位［１］。Ｐｏｒｇｏｄｏｒ等［２,３］发现用ＭＨＣⅠ类分子限制性抗原多肽冲击致敏从小鼠骨髓诱导的ＤＣ可以在体内诱导产生抗原特异性细胞毒性Ｔ淋巴细胞（ＣＴＬ）,并发现经抗原肽冲击致敏的ＤＣ皮下免疫的小鼠可以产生特异的抗肿瘤效应。ＤｅＭａｔｏｓ等［４］报道用冻融抗原（ｌｙｓａｔｅｓ）冲击的ＤＣ免…     

Macrophage-derived chemokine gene transfer results in tumor regression in murine lung carcinoma model through efficient induction of antitumor immunity

Chemokine gene transfer represents a promising approach in the treatment of malignancies. Macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC) (CCL22) belongs to the CC chemokine family and is a strong chemoattractant for dendritic cells (DC), NK cells and T cells. Using adenoviral vectors, human MDC gene was transferred in vivo to investigate its efficacy to induce an antitumor response and to determine the immunologic mechanisms involved. We observed that intratumoral injection of recombinant adenovirus encoding human MDC (AdMDC) resulted in marked tumor regression in a murine model with pre-established subcutaneous 3LL lung carcinoma and induced significant CTL activity. The antitumor response was demonstrated to be CD4+ T cell- and CD8+ T cell-dependent. Administration of AdMDC induced chemoattraction of DC to the tumor site, facilitated DC migration to draining lymph nodes or spleen, and finally activated DC to produce high levels of IL-12. Furthermore, a significant increase of IL-4 production within the tumors was observed early after the AdMDC administration and was followed by the increase of IL-12 and IL-2 production. The levels of IL-2, IL-12 and IFN-gamma in serum, lymph nodes and spleen were also found to be higher in mice treated with AdMDC as compared with that in AdLacZ- or PBS-treated mice. The antitumor response induced by AdMDC was markedly impaired in IL-4 knockout mice, suggesting an important role of IL-4 in the induction of antitumor immunity by MDC. These results suggest that MDC gene transfer might elicit significant antitumor effects through efficient induction of antitumor immunity and might be of therapeutic potentials for cancer.     

Antigen-driven long term-cultured T cells proliferate in vivo, distribute widely, mediate specific tumor therapy, and persist long- term as functional memory T cells

Mice bearing disseminated syngeneic FBL-3 leukemia were treated with cyclophosphamide plus long term-cultured T cells immune to FBL-3. The cultured T cells for therapy had been induced to grow in vitro for 62 d by intermittent stimulation with irradiated FBL-3. At the time of therapy, such antigen-driven long term-cultured T cells were greatly expanded in number, proliferated in vitro in response to FBL-3, and were specifically cytotoxic. Following adoptive transfer, donor T cells persisting in the host were identified and counted using donor and host mice congenic for the T cell marker Thy-1. The results show that antigen-driven long term-cultured T cells proliferated rapidly in vivo, distributed widely in host lymphoid organs, and were effective in tumor therapy. Moreover, the already rapid in vivo growth rate of donor T cells could be augmented by administration of exogenous IL-2. When cured mice were examined 120 d after therapy, donor L3T4+ T cells and donor Lyt-2+ T cells could be found in large numbers in host ascites, spleen, and mesenteric and axillary lymph nodes. The persisting donor T cells proliferated in vitro, and became specifically cytotoxic in response to FBL-3, demonstrating that antigen-driven long term-cultured T cells can persist long term in vivo and provide immunologic memory.     

Dendritic cell-expanded, islet-specific CD4+ CD25+ CD62L+ regulatory T cells restore normoglycemia in diabetic NOD mice

Most treatments that prevent autoimmune diabetes in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice require intervention at early pathogenic stages, when insulitis is first developing. We tested whether dendritic cell (DC)-expanded, islet antigen-specific CD4+ CD25+ suppressor T cells could treat diabetes at later stages of disease, when most of the insulin-producing islet beta cells had been destroyed by infiltrating lymphocytes. CD4+ CD25+ CD62L+ regulatory T cells (T reg cells) from BDC2.5 T cell receptor transgenic mice were expanded with antigen-pulsed DCs and IL-2, and were then injected into NOD mice. A single dose of as few as 5x10(4) of these islet-specific T reg cells blocked diabetes development in prediabetic 13-wk-old NOD mice. The T reg cells also induced long-lasting reversal of hyperglycemia in 50% of mice in which overt diabetes had developed. Successfully treated diabetic mice had similar responses to glucose challenge compared with nondiabetic NOD mice. The successfully treated mice retained diabetogenic T cells, but also had substantially increased Foxp3+ cells in draining pancreatic lymph nodes. However, these Foxp3+ cells were derived from the recipient mice and not the injected T reg cells, suggesting a role for endogenous T reg cells in maintaining tolerance after treatment. Therefore, inoculation of DC-expanded, antigen-specific suppressor T cells has considerable efficacy in ameliorating ongoing diabetes in NOD mice.     

Therapy of disseminated murine leukemia with cyclophosphamide and immune Lyt-1+,2- T cells. Tumor eradication does not require participation of cytotoxic T cells

The ability of noncytolytic Lyt-1+,2- T cells immune to FBL-3 leukemia to effect eradication of disseminated FBL-3 was studied. Adult thymectomized, irradiated, and T-depleted bone marrow-reconstituted (ATXBM) B6 hosts were cured of disseminated FBL-3 by treatment with 180 mg/kg cyclophosphamide (CY) and adoptively transferred Lyt-1+,2- T cells obtained from congenic B6/Thy-1.1 donors immune to FBL-3. Analysis of the T cell compartment of ATXBM hosts treated and rendered tumor-free by this therapy revealed that the only T cells present in the mice were donor-derived Lyt-1+,2- T cells. In vitro stimulation of these T cells with FBL-3 tumor cells, which express class I but no class II major histocompatibility complex antigens, induced lymphokine secretion, but did not result in the generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). Thus, in a setting in which mice lack Lyt-2+ T cells, and in which no CTL of either host or donor origin could be detected, immune Lyt-1+,2- T cells, in conjunction with CY, mediated eradication of a disseminated leukemia. The results suggest that delayed-type hypersensitivity responses induced by immune T cells represent a potentially useful effector mechanism for in vivo elimination of disseminated tumor cells.     

GM—CSF基因修饰,抗原预激的树突状细胞体内诱导白血病细胞分化？…

目的：探讨树突状细胞在肿瘤治疗过程中的作用及机制。方法：以小鼠ＦＢＬ－３红白血病细胞皮下接种Ｃ５７ＢＬ／６小鼠建立荷瘤模型，采用流式细胞仪分析和透射电镜等技术，观察了粒－巨噬细胞集落刺激因子（ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ）基因修饰的抗原预激的树突状细胞体内治疗作用。结果：采用ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ基因修饰的抗原预激的树突状细胞治疗，可以明显抑制白血病细胞生长；白血病细胞表达ＣＤ３４水平增加，同时ＭＨＣ－Ⅱ，Ｂ７－１，Ｂ７－     

IL-2基因修饰增强树突状细胞抗原提呈功能及其机制

目的　研究IL 2基因修饰增强小鼠骨髓来源的树突状细胞 (DC)对肿瘤抗原提呈的功能和对MHCⅠ类限制性抗原多肽体内诱导的细胞毒性T淋巴细胞 (CTL)的激活作用及其相关的免疫机制。方法　用重组腺病毒介导IL 2基因修饰小鼠骨髓来源的DC ,ELISA法检测DC培养上清中IL 1 2和CTL上清中IFN γ的分泌水平 ,用流式细胞仪 (FACS)分析IL 2基因修饰对DC表面共刺激分子B7表达的调节和内吞卵清蛋白抗原八肽 (OVA)的作用 ,3H TdR掺入法检测DC对小鼠Lewis肺癌细胞株3LL肿瘤抗原的提呈能力 ;51 Cr释放法检测用 3LL细胞MHCⅠ类抗原多肽Mut1致敏IL 2基因修饰的DC对小鼠体内特异性CTL的诱导作用。结果　经IL 2基因修饰后 ,DC 48h能分泌高水平的IL 1 2(78.4± 6 .6)pg·(1× 1 0 6 细胞 ) - 1 ·ml- 1 ,DC表面的共刺激分子B7表达增加 ,DC内吞OVA多肽的作用也增强。经Mut1致敏后与同系 3LL细胞荷瘤的小鼠T淋巴细胞混合培养 ,3H TdR掺入量显著增高 ,用Mut1致敏IL 2基因修饰的DC免疫小鼠后 ,能在体内诱导出分泌高浓度IFN γ[(1 1 68.0± 58.4)pg/ml]的CTL活性。结论　IL 2基因修饰可活化DC抗原提呈的第二信号 ,增强DC对抗原多肽的捕获和提呈功能 ,经MHCⅠ类抗原多肽致敏后 ,在小鼠体内能更有效地诱导出CTL特异性抗肿瘤免疫应答。     

Interleukin 7 generates antitumor cytotoxic T lymphocytes against murine sarcomas with efficacy in cellular adoptive immunotherapy

Interleukin 7 (IL-7) is a 25-kD cytokine that was initially described as a pre-B cell growth factor. This cytokine has also been shown to have T cell proliferative and differentiation effects. In this report, we demonstrate that antitumor cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) generated by secondary in vitro sensitization of draining lymph node cells in IL-7 are effective in treating 3-day syngeneic methylcholanthrene (MCA) sarcoma pulmonary metastases in mice. In vivo titrations comparing IL-7 to IL-2 antitumor CTL show that they have equivalent potency in adoptive immunotherapy. IL-7 antitumor CTL generated against MCA sarcomas of weak immunogeneity are also tumor specific in their in vivo efficacy. This study represents the first successful use of a cytokine other than IL-2 for the generation of cells with in vivo efficacy in cellular adoptive transfer.     

Participation of endogenously produced interferon gamma in interleukin 4-mediated tumor rejection

To elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying IL-4-induced tumor rejection, we challenged mice with a mouse adenocarcinoma cell line, colon 26, genetically engineered to express constitutively IL-4 gene (colon 26/IL-4). Immunocompetent BALB/c mice rejected colon 26/IL-4 cells but not parental cells or cells transduced with a control gene (colon 26/control). Moreover, on rechallenge, parental cells and colon 26/control cells were rejected by normal BALB/c mice that had previously rejected colon 26/IL-4. However, both nude and severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice failed to reject colon 26/IL-4 as well as parental or colon 26/control cells. In contrast, nude mice did reject colon 26/IL-4 after transfer of lymphocytes obtained from the draining lymph nodes of BALB/c mice injected with colon 26/IL-4. These results indicate that challenging mice with colon 26/IL-4 tumor cells resulted in the generation of memory cytotoxic T lymphocytes in the draining lymph nodes. At 3 days after the challenge, IFN-gamma, IL-12 p35, and p40 mRNA expression was selectively enhanced in the draining lymph nodes of mice bearing colon 26/IL-4 cells. Finally, mice deficient in the IFN-gamma gene did not reject colon 26/IL-4 cells. These results suggest that IL-4-induced memory cytotoxic T lymphocyte generation requires IFN-gamma production in the draining lymph nodes, in order to generate a protective immune response.