小鼠细粒棘球蚴不育囊的超微结构观察

用透射电镜观察了小鼠细粒棘球蚴不育囊的超微结构。其囊壁由角皮层和生发膜构成,角度层含有纤维基质和不规则形颗粒,生发膜又可分皮层区和细胞区。在皮层区基部见到线粒体,微毛间见到“吞饮泡”样质膜凹陷;在细胞区主要有皮层细胞、肌细胞、含糖原细胞等,在有的含糖原细胞中还见到“核仁管系统。”     

丙硫咪唑治疗后绵羊细粒棘球蚴囊壁的透射电镜观察

透射电镜观察到丙硫咪唑治疗后绵羊原发性细粒棘球蚴囊壁角质层疏松,局域性坏死;生发膜皮层区微绒毛脱落或消失,远端胞浆中出现巨大空泡;生发膜细胞胞浆疏松,细胞器排列紊乱,微管局限性扩张、破裂,线粒体空泡化,高尔基复合体解体,核膜完整性受损,溶酶体增大、增多。提示丙硫咪唑对绵羊原发性细粒棘球蚴有广泛的细胞内效应。     

青海高原不同源原头蚴感染小鼠后继发性棘球蚴的超微结构观察

用透射电镜观察了青海高原藏羊和牦牛源原头蚴接种小鼠后继发性细粒棘球蚴的超微结构。二源继发性棘球蚴囊壁结构相同，由角质层和生发膜构成。角质层由纤维物质和不规则形颗粒形成层状结构，但近生发膜处藏羊源的结构致密，牦牛源的则较为疏松。生发膜可分为皮层区和细胞区。皮层区外缘的微毛藏羊源多而短粗，牦牛源的则呈细长，与各自原发性棘球蚴相同，提示微毛的形态结构稳定，不随宿主不同而改变；牦牛源皮层区基部可见线粒体和大量糖原，提示该区有活跃的生理生化代谢功能。细胞区由皮层细胞和其它成分构成，皮层细胞内细胞器丰富，线粒体形态藏羊源的与原发性相同，牦牛源的则与原发性的存在差异，提示牦牛源棘球蚴线粒体的形态结构不稳定，易受不同宿主的影响。皮层细胞胞质的近囊腔处存在巨大的囊泡，囊壁多为单层。内缘附有线粒体或异染色质样物质，可能与后期子囊的形成有关。本文结果提示该地区可能存在不同的细粒棘球绦虫虫株。     

阿苯达唑亚砜和吡喹酮长疗程对细粒棘球蚴生发层超微结构的影响

感染继发性细粒棘球蚴的小鼠口服阿苯达唑亚砜150mg/kg·d×28d 时,细粒棘球蚴囊的生发层超微结构的变化主要是皮层受损、皮层细胞核周胞质广泛溶解和空泡形成、线粒体肿大和变性等,与阿苯达唑相仿。感染小鼠口服吡喹酮500mg/kg·d,连给3个月时,生发层超微结构的变化与给药15～30d 的相仿。动物剖检时仅少数囊塌陷和干瘪。这些囊的超微结构于停药6个月后仍示有严重损害。     

藏药紫堇治疗包虫病后棘球蚴的超微结构

包虫病患者经直茎紫堇总碱治疗后,其体内棘球蚴生发膜与原头节的超微结构有明显变化,透射电镜观察到生发膜皮层细胞细胞器排列紊乱,胞浆中微管明显扩张、破裂,线粒体呈退行性变。扫描电镜发现生发膜表面出现许多陷窝,原头节是外翻型,顶突界面缺损,部分头钩脱落,吸盘变形,体表出现虫蛀样损害。初步结果表明直茎紫堇对人体细粒棘球蚴与原头节有广泛的细胞内效应。     

细粒棘球蚴在NIH小鼠体内发育的组织学及组织化学的进一步观察

本文继续观察感染后6～24个月的细粒棘球蚴在NIH小鼠体内发育的组织学及组织化学变化。结果表明,在鼠体内出现育囊的时间为感染后7～8个月,囊液内见到游离原头节及子囊的时间分别为8及10个月,并发现细粒棘蚴体内的糖原、DNA、RNA、碱性蛋白质的含量,AKP、ACP及ATP酶的活力,均以生发层的芽状突起部分及原头节内的较丰富和较强。     

放射治疗对子午沙鼠骨棘球蚴囊病理改变的影响

目的 观察骨棘球蚴病在放射治疗后棘球蚴囊的病理改变,探讨放射治疗骨棘球蚴病的临床效果.方法 从自然感染细粒棘球蚴的羊肝脏中无菌取出子囊,剪碎、去除囊皮,用0.9％无菌生理盐水冲洗、沉淀,反复3次,HE染色计数,制成含头节为12×106个/L的混悬液20ml.健康子午沙鼠(简称沙鼠)140只,雌雄各半,鼠龄2～3个月,体质量(38±6)g.将含棘球蚴头节悬液按每只0.2 ml注入沙鼠后腿胫骨骨膜下,12个月后拍摄X光片.根据接种部位骨骼破坏情况,以沙鼠后腿胫骨有明确锯齿状骨质破坏为纳入标准,选取沙鼠骨细粒棘球蚴病动物模型72只,雌雄各半.将72只沙鼠按体质量随机分成4组:对照组、40贝可勒尔放射(Gy)组、50 Gy组、60Gy组,每组18只,雌雄各半.采用分次放疗法,分5次进行,每次放疗间隔2d,照射剂量率为300 cGy/min.放疗后处死各组沙鼠,无菌条件下取出放疗区骨内细粒棘球蚴囊,用于光镜和电镜下观察.抽取囊内囊液,将囊液用0.9％的无菌生理盐水反复冲洗、沉淀,取最后沉渣,HE染色,光镜下观察头节形态及活动情况.结果 对照组囊液中细粒棘球蚴头节形态、活动正常;40 Gy组细粒棘球蚴头节形态尚正常,活动较对照组差,但未被红染;50 Gy组细粒棘球蚴头节形态异常、变形萎缩、红染;60 Gy组细粒棘球蚴头节红染、变形,且有碎裂迹象,周围有不明颗粒包绕.光镜下,对照组照射区细粒棘球蚴囊角质层、生发层育囊及原头节组织学结构基本正常;40Gy组以细粒棘球蚴囊变性为主,结构失常,角质层广泛水肿,生发层变薄,育囊少见;50 Gy组角质层广泛断裂,且生发层部分出现水肿,屈曲皱褶明显,细胞减少,少见育囊及头节;60Gy组以细粒棘球蚴囊坏死为主,角质层广泛断裂,角质层与生发层分离,生发层萎缩、紊乱,未见育囊及头节.电镜下,对照组细粒棘球蚴囊角质层结构清晰,微绒毛排列整齐,生发层细胞及细胞器结构、形态正常;40 Gy组细粒棘球蚴囊生发层内可见大量炎性细胞浸润,微绒毛内微丝及内容物减少;50 Gy组细粒棘球蚴囊微绒毛基本消失,核膜模糊不清,内质网、线粒体扩张,淋巴细胞核染色质结块边集,呈环状排列;60Gy组微绒毛基本消失,核膜界限不清破裂,部分核仁碎裂、边集,内质网广泛扩张,线粒体固缩及明显空泡变,淋巴细胞核染色质结块边集,溶酶体及巨噬细胞出现.结论 放射治疗可破坏骨棘球蚴囊的形态与结构,放射活度在50 Gy时对棘球蚴具有致死作用,放射方法治疗骨棘球蚴病具有良好的临床效果.     

西伯利亚紫堇治疗继发性小鼠包虫病的效果

西伯利亚紫堇的醇提取物、水提取物和总生物碱,不论腹腔注射或口服均有抑制小鼠体内棘球蚴生长发育的作用。表现为囊肿减轻率70～85.2％,血清抗体滴度较对照组为低。扫描电镜可见蚴囊表面呈斑块状剥蚀及喷火口样凹陷。透射电镜观察到生发膜皮层细胞微绒毛发育不良,微管扩张、破裂、线粒体肿胀。作者认为西伯利亚紫堇中确实存在抗细粒棘球蚴的活性物质。     

细粒棘球绦虫虫卵的光镜和电镜观察

应用光镜和电镜技术对细粒棘球绦虫虫卵进行了观察，结果表明细粒棘球绦虫虫卵发育经６个时期：受精卵细胞；胚细胞团；早期虫卵；前期虫卵；未成熟虫卵和成熟虫卵。虫卵壳膜由５层构成：卵壳层；卵黄膜；胚膜；钩蚴膜和颗粒层。六钩蚴分为纤维区和代谢区，前者含有网状和条索状纤维物质，不含细胞成分；后者具有生发细胞、体细胞等，并对各自的形态特点和生理意义进行了讨论。     

细粒棘球绦虫虫卵的光镜和电镜观察

应用光镜和电镜技术对细粒棘球绦虫虫卵进行了观察，结果表明细粒棘球绦虫虫卵发育经６个时期：受精卵细胞；胚细胞团；早期虫卵；前期虫卵；未成熟虫卵的成熟虫卵。虫卵壳膜由５层构成：卵壳层；卵黄膜；胚膜；钩蚴膜和颗粒层。六钩蚴分为纤维区和代谢区，前者含有网状和条索状纤维物质，不含细胞成分；后者具有生发细胞体细胞等，并对各自的形态特点和生理意义进行了讨论。     

细粒棘球绦虫原头节在NIH株小鼠体内发育的组织学及宿主细胞反应观察

本文的观察结果表明:接种后1周,原头节的皮层内已有实质细胞长入,虫周有较大空隙,宿主细胞反应轻微。死亡原头节则已被大量炎细胞紧密包围;2～4周,大部分原头节的实质组织消失而形成细粒棘球蚴生发层,宿主细胞反应基本消失。而死虫周围则有夏科-雷登氏结晶体出现;2个月后,生发层外均已出现角质层,死亡崩解虫周的细胞反应开始减轻;4～6个月,细粒棘球蚴囊不断增大,并在生发层内陆续出现不育囊结构,虫周纤维组织较少,而解体的原头节内均已有大量胶原及网状纤维长入。对生发层的组织发生学以及适宜中间宿主对原头节的细胞反应特点进行了简要讨论。     

他克林体外抗细粒棘球蚴作用研究

目的 研究乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂他克林体外抗细粒棘球蚴的作用效果。方法 体外分离和培养细粒棘球蚴原头节和生发层细胞,经浓度为4、8、10、20和40 μg/mL的他克林作用3 d后经0.1%亚甲基蓝染色观察,记录死活原头节的数目以计算原头节死亡率,另外用CCK-8试剂盒检测药物对生发层细胞活性的影响并计算细胞活性抑制率。同时用透射电镜和扫描电镜分别观察药物对细粒棘球蚴原头节和生发层细胞超微结构造成的影响。结果 经20 μg/mL和40 μg/mL的他克林体外作用3 d后,原头节的死亡率高达100%,其中死亡原头节的体壁出现轻微肿胀且伴随着外部轮廓的消失,同时超微结构亦发生明显改变,原头节体壁组织中出现了大量的空泡和脂肪滴。当他克林浓度为40 μg/mL时,可造成生发层细胞全部死亡。细粒棘球蚴生发层细胞粘附于培养介质的基质消失、细胞发生聚集且数目减少。扫描电镜可观察到他克林作用3 d后的细胞出现塌陷或者萎缩。结论 他克林可直接影响体外培养的细粒棘球蚴原头节和生发层细胞的活性,是潜在的包虫病治疗药物。     

Immunochemical localization of major hydatid fluid antigens in protoscoleces and cysts of Echinococcus granulosus from human origin

Monospecific rabbit antisera obtained through experimental immunization with previously purified proteins were used in the structural localization of two hydatid fluid antigens, antigen 5 and antigen B, in cyst membranes and protoscoleces of E. granulosus from human origin. The antigen-antibody reaction was revealed by an avidin-biotin-peroxidase technique. Antigen 5 was not evident in the laminated membrane of the cyst wall, but it was associated with the germinal membrane of the cyst wall and brood capsules. The parenchyma of invaginated and evaginated protoscoleces was heavily labelled. The tegument, the calcareous corpuscles, the suckers and the hooks did not contain antigen 5. Degenerated protoscoleces were also labelled. Antigen B localization was essentially identical to antigen 5, but degenerated protoscoleces were not recognized by anti-antigen B antiserum. Technical aspects and differences with previously published work are discussed.     

A new therapeutic approach for the treatment of cystic echinococcosis: percutaneous albendazole sulphoxide injection without reaspiration

OBJECTIVE: In this experimental study, the effectiveness of intracystic injection of albendazole sulfoxide solution was investigated as a new approach to percutaneous treatment in liver hydatid disease. METHODS: Ten naturally infected sheep were selected and divided into two groups: a treatment group (n = 7), and a control group (n = 3). Intracystic injection of albendazole sulfoxide was performed in the first group, whereas the control group received intracystic distillated water injection instead. No reaspiration was performed in any group. RESULTS: During the follow-up period of 6 months, serial sonographic examination revealed a significant decrease in the cyst size, progressive solidification, and complete separation of the germinal and the laminated membranes of hydatid cysts from the pericysts in the treatment group. In the control group, diameters and volumes of cysts were increased. All procedures were done without any complications. During the follow-up-period, liver function tests were normal. After 6 months, all sheep were killed and were examined for macroscopic and microscopic changes. Pathological examination showed pericyst hyalinization, inflammatory cells in the cyst wall, degeneration of laminated and germinal membranes, and necrotic material in the cyst cavity. No viable protoscoleces or daughter cysts were observed. CONCLUSION: Albendazole sulfoxide injection as a scolecidal agent in the percutaneous treatment of cystic echinococcosis seems to be effective in this animal model. Further studies are suggested to evaluate the effectiveness of this procedure in human subjects.     

包虫(细粒棘球蚴Echinococcus granulosus)组织可溶性蛋白质的SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析

应用十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)对包虫(细粒棘球蚴)的囊液、原头蚴、胚层可溶性蛋白质组份进行了比较分析。电泳图谱表明:囊液、原头蚴及胚层分别出现20、24、10条蛋白带。三种组织提取液的紫外吸收光谱具有一个共同特征,Amax为215nm。A260/A280之比囊液、原头节及胚层分别为1.5、1.42、1.0。     

Pericyst: The outermost layer of hydatid cyst

Hydatid disease,caused by the parasite Echinococcus granulosus,mostly affects the liver and the lungs with hydatid cysts which consist of three layers:(1)the outer pericyst;(2)the middle laminated membrane;and(3)the inner germinal layer.Pericyst,as the outermost layer of the hydatid cyst,is made by host cells encasing the hydatid cyst.An extremely close interaction exists between this host tissue and the parasite,and any degenerative changes of the pericyst would result in hydatid cyst degeneration or rupture.The pericyst plays an undeniably important role in the development and survival of the hydatid cyst.     

Laparoscopic management of hydatid cyst of liver.

We describe the laparoscopic excision of a hydatid cyst in the liver. During the procedure, done after treatment with the scolicidal agents praziquantel and albendazole, care was taken to prevent spillage of scolices during evacuation of contents and to excise the entire germinal epithelium. The patient had no immediate or short-term complications and is asymptomatic 3 months later.     

甲苯咪唑新剂型（微丸）治疗小鼠细粒棘球蚴的效果观察

通过体外和动物实验证实甲苯咪唑（Ｍｅｂｅｎｄａｚｏｌｅ ＭＢＺ）微丸的抗细粒棘球蚴的作用。在试管内观测不同浓度甲苯咪唑微丸对原头节的致死作用,将甲苯咪唑微丸制成１００ｍｇ／ｋｇ．５００ｍｇ／ｋｇ和２５ｍｇ／ｋｇ三个不同剂量悬液对感染细粒棘球蚴６个月的小鼠经口灌胃,每日一次,连续给药２０ｄ,停药７ｄ后剖检,以棘球蚴囊重抑制率、塌囊率和组织病理改变为指标,同法将甲苯唑片剂和原粉制成悬液按相同剂量给药,