Posterior dislocation of the hip while playing basketball

Injuries in basketball are usually to the ankles and knees. Dislocation of the hip is usually associated with severe trauma--for example, road traffic accidents. A case is reported here in which a 22 year old club basketball player slipped on landing from a jump shot, forcing him into a side splits position from which he sustained a posterior dislocation of the hip resulting in a sciatic nerve palsy.




     

Simultaneous bilateral quadriceps tendon rupture while playing basketball

Simultaneous bilateral quadriceps tendon rupture is an uncommon injury in healthy people and only a few cases have been reported in athletes. This is the first report of a patient with simultaneous bilateral quadriceps tendon rupture incurred while playing basketball. The injury was surgically repaired and the patient had a good functional outcome.     

Chronic subdural haematoma, an unusual injury from playing basketball

Although the literature records instances of acute epidural haematoma and acute subdural haematoma related to playing basketball, there has not been a report of chronic subdural haematoma as a basketball injury. With the burgeoning interest in this sport in the United Kingdom and Europe, the possibility of this particular neurotrauma increases. Such an injury, along with the diagnosis and management of this often insidious lesion, is documented in this case report.


     

Serum cardiac troponin T, troponin I, plasma BNP and left ventricular mass index in professional football players

Concentrations of cardiac troponins (cTn) in serum or plasma may be elevated in several disease states other than acute coronary syndromes. In heart failure and end stage renal disease, cardiac troponin T (cTnT) correlates positively with left ventricular mass index (LVMI). Exercise-induced elevation of cardiac troponins in well-trained athletes has been confirmed by several reports but the aetiology and clinical significance is unclear. In the present study, we measured baseline concentrations of cardiac markers and investigated whether or not serum cTnT is associated with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in professional football players. METHODS: Twenty-three male professional football players with a mean age of 23 years (range 18-32) were studied. Echocardiography and blood sampling were carried out approx 24h after a training session. Serum cTnT, other cardiac markers and plasma brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) were compared with LVMI. RESULTS: cTnT was only detectable in one subject. The prevalence of elevated cardiac troponin I (cTnI), creatine kinase MB (CKMB) and creatine kinase was higher than for cTnT. cTnI concentrations were higher in football players than in controls. LVMI did not correlate with any of the cardiac markers. Plasma BNP concentrations were normal in all subjects. CONCLUSION: Serum cTnT concentrations were not elevated in healthy professional football players with LVH. This argues against the hypothesis that LVH per se may cause increased cTnT. The finding of higher cTnI in football players than in non-athletic controls should be confirmed and the aetiology elucidated.     

Acute exertional medial compartment syndrome of the foot after playing basketball

Compartment syndrome of the foot is an uncommon event. The most common cause of compartment syndrome of the foot is a crush injury. Exceedingly rare is acute compartment syndrome of the foot occurring in the absence of trauma. We describe the clinical scenario involving a 23-year-old healthy male who developed acute exertional compartment syndrome isolated to the medial compartment of the foot after playing basketball. The patient had no evidence of injury nor trauma, and the diagnosis was made based on physical exam, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and compartment pressure measurements. The patient did undergo successful fasciotomy on the day of presentation to the emergency department and has since completely recovered. We found four cases reported in the literature of acute exertional medial compartment syndrome of the foot in the absence of trauma or injury. This is the second case reported after playing basketball, while the others occurred after aerobics, a long distance run, and football. The most recent case was reported by Miozzari et al. [Am J Sports Med. 36(5):983–6, 2008] and involved a marathon runner who developed an isolated medial compartment syndrome of the foot. We would like to increase awareness of this uncommon clinical presentation in the absence of trauma and present the dramatic radiographic findings.     

Physiological differences in professional basketball players as a function of playing position and level of play

AIM: The aim of this investigation is to evaluate the physical and physiological characteristics of different first (ProA) and second division (ProB) professional basketball players, and to relate them to playing position and level of play. METHODS: A total of 58 players were divided into ProA and ProB groups and were assessed for physical characteristics, maximal treadmill test and a 30 s all-out test. The sample included 22 centers, 22 forwards and 14 guards. RESULTS: Centers were significantly taller and heavier (203.9+/-5.3 cm and 103.9+/-12.4 kg) than forwards (195.8+/-4.8 cm and 89.4+/-7.1 kg) and guards (185.7+/-6.9 and 82+/-8.8 kg) and also had higher body fat percentages than the other groups. Forwards were also significantly taller than guards. Centers presented a lower maximal aerobic velocity (kmxh-1) than guards (15.5+/-1.2 vs 16.8+/-1.5, P<0.05) on the maximal treadmill test and a lower maximal velocity (rpm) than forwards (156.5+/-18.4 vs 170.3+/-18.3, P<0.05) on the 30 s all-out test. VO2max (mlxmin-1xkg-1) was significantly lower for ProA (53.7+/-6.7) compared to ProB (56.5+/-7.7) players and the fatigue index on the 30 s all-out test was higher for the ProA group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Many physical differences, most notably size, exist between players as a function of their playing position. But these differences have no relationship to the level of play of professional players. General aerobic capacity is fairly homogeneous between playing position and level of play, even if there are observable VO2max differences due to inter-individual profiles. On the other hand, anaerobic capacity seems to be a better predictor of playing level even though it is not clear whether such capacity comes from specific training in ProA, or from an initial selection criteria.     

Exercise-induced cardiac troponin T release: a meta-analysis

PURPOSE: Cardiac troponin T (cTnT) is a highly specific marker of myocardial damage and used clinically in the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Release of cTnT has been demonstrated in several small studies after endurance exercise. The purpose of this study was to explore, using a meta-analytic approach, the incidence of postexercise cTnT release after endurance exercise. METHODS: Articles identified via Pubmed, SportDiscus, and Embase (1997-2006) searches using the key words cardiac troponin T, cTnT, cardiac biomarkers, and exercise; a search of bibliographies; and consultation with experts in the field were entered into a random-effects meta-analysis. We identified 26 relevant studies (1120 cases). Age, gender, and body mass of participants, as well as exercise mode and duration, were explored as possible moderator variables with meta-regressions. RESULTS: Postexercise cTnT levels exceeded the assay detection limit in 47% of participants (95% CI = 39-56%). The detection of postexercise cTnT after cycling events was approximately half that of running events (27 vs 52%, P = 0.042). The detection of postexercise cTnT decreased slightly as event duration increased (P = 0.022) and mean body mass decreased (P = 0.0033). Postexercise detection of cTnT was not affected by age (P= 0.309) and was only slightly higher for studies with more males in the sample (P = 0.028). CONCLUSIONS: Exercise-induced cTnT release is apparent in almost half of the endurance athletes who have been studied to date. Relatively heavy individuals competing in shorter endurance events, primarily running marathons, are slightly more likely to demonstrate elevated cTnT postexercise than other athletes. These data are useful for clinicians evaluating athletes with cTnT elevations after competitive endurance exercise events.     

藏族男性青少年血清瘦素水平及其影响因素的研究

 目的 观察西藏那曲地区男性藏族青少年的血清瘦素水平及其与年龄、性激素和体重指数(BMI)的相关性,探讨影响血清瘦素水平的因素.方法 应用酶联免疫法和放射免疫法测定168例健康男性那曲藏族青少年血清瘦素、卵泡刺激素、黄体生成素和睾酮水平;并测量身高、体重,计算BMI.结果 血清瘦素水平浓度随年龄的增高而降低,各年龄组瘦素水平有显著差异(P＜0.05);血清瘦素水平与BMI、血清卵泡刺激素、黄体生成素和睾酮浓度呈负相关.结论 那曲地区男性藏族青少年的血清瘦素水平与年龄、体重指数和性激素水平有关.     

Effect of prolonged exercise in a hypoxic environment on cardiac function and cardiac troponin T

BACKGROUND: Exercise induced cardiac fatigue has recently been observed after prolonged exercise. A moderate to high altitude has been suggested as a possible stimulus in the genesis of such cardiac fatigue. OBJECTIVE: To investigate if exercise induced cardiac fatigue and or cardiac damage occurs after prolonged exercise in a hypoxic environment. METHODS: Eight trained male triathletes volunteered for the study. Each completed two 50 mile cycle trials, randomly assigned from normobaric normoxia and normobaric hypoxia (15% FIO(2)). Echocardiographic assessment and whole blood collection was completed before, immediately after, and 24 hours after exercise. Left ventricular systolic and diastolic functional variables were calculated, and serum was analysed for cardiac troponin T. Results were analysed using a two way repeated measures analysis of variance, with alpha set at 0.05. RESULTS: No significant differences were observed in either systolic or diastolic function across time or between trials. Cardiac troponin T was detected in one subject immediately after exercise in the normobaric hypoxic trial. CONCLUSIONS: A 50 mile cycle trial in either normobaric normoxia or normobaric hypoxia does not induce exercise induced cardiac fatigue. Some people, however, may exhibit minimal cardiac damage after exercise in normobaric hypoxia. The clinical significance of this is yet to be elucidated.     

心肌肌钙蛋白I在病毒性心肌炎检测中的意义

目的检测心肌肌钙蛋白I（cTnI）水平，探讨其对病毒性心肌炎（VMC）诊断的意义。方法对73例病毒性心肌炎患者和37例健康体检者进行cTnI和心肌酶谱检测分析。结果病毒性心肌炎组cTnI敏感特异性明显高于心肌酶谱（P〈0．01）。结论cTnI对病毒性心肌炎诊断与预后判断具有一定的临床意义。     

心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ在病毒性心肌炎检测中的意义

 目的 检测心肌肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)水平,探讨其对病毒性心肌炎(VMC)诊断的意义.方法 对73例病毒性心肌炎患者和37例健康体检者进行cTnI和心肌酶谱检测分析.结果 病毒性心肌炎组cTnI敏感特异性明显高于心肌酶谱(P<0.01).结论 cTnI对病毒性心肌炎诊断与预后判断具有一定的临床意义.     

Post-exercise cardiac troponin release is related to exercise training history

Marathon running can increase circulating cardiac troponin above the diagnostic criteria for myocardial infarction. We determined whether prior-exercise experience (training history) might be related to the magnitude of immediate post-race troponin release following completion of the London Marathon in a group of non-elite runners. Using a prospective study design, 52 runners were recruited into either HIGH T-E (trained-experience) (n=27) or LOW T-E (n=25) groups. Cardiac troponin I (cTnI) release following race completion was compared between these 2 groups. To examine relationships between cTnI release and participant demographic and indices of prior training experience an additional 52 runners who did not meet the criteria for either the HIGH T-E or LOW T-E groups were also recruited. The combined data from all 104 runners was analysed using multivariate linear regression analysis. The results revealed a significant difference in post marathon circulating cTnI between LOW T-E runners (median: 0.11 μg/L; interquartile range [IQR]: 0.03-0.18 μg/L) and HIGH T-E runners (median: 0.03 μg/L; IQR 0.02-0.057 μg/L) (p<0.05). Average miles run per week in the last 3 years, a marker of total training experience, encompassing training volume and duration, was negatively associated with post-marathon cTnI release (p<0.001).In conclusion, exercise-induced cTnI release is strongly related to previous training experience.     

Pain perception and cardiovascular system response among athletes playing contact sports

The aim of this study was to determine whether the contact sports change the perception of pain as assessed by the cold pressor test (CPT), and if the test induces the same reaction of the cardiovascular system in contact athletes and non-athletes. The study involved 321 healthy men; 140 contact athletes and 181 students of the University of Szczecin (control). Pain threshold and pain tolerance were evaluated using CPT. Cardiovascular measurements were made during CPT. The contact athletes showed a much higher tolerance to pain than the control group (median time 120 vs. 94 s, respectively, p = 0.0002). The thresholds of pain in both groups did not differ significantly between the groups. Systolic blood pressure measured before and during the test in all three measurements was statistically significantly higher in athletes compared with the control group. Heart rate and diastolic blood pressure did not differ significantly between the studied groups.     

心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ的临床应用及检测方法进展

cTnI(心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ)是心肌肌钙蛋白的一种亚型,正常人血液中含量很低,当心肌细胞损伤时,cTnI在血液中的含量迅速升高。近年来随着cTnI检测方法的不断改进,cTnI已成为最具有临床价值的心肌损伤标志物之一,被广泛应用于心脏疾患的临床诊断和检测。     

高原肺水肿患者血清肌钙蛋白T研究

目的 :探索高原肺水肿 (HAPE)患者血清肌钙蛋白 T(cTnT)的变化。方法 :放免法测定HAPE患者在一氧化氮(NO)治疗前后血清cTnT。结果 :cTnT治疗前显著高于治疗后 (P <0 0 1) ,SaO2 治疗后显著高于治疗前 (P <0 0 0 1) ,治愈率为 10 0 0 %。结论 :对较重的HAPE患者有心肌损害和心功能的下降 ;NO治疗HAPE是非常有效的 ,为HAPE治疗提供了新的方法     

心肌肌钙蛋白T及其在某些心脏疾患中的应用

心肌肌钙蛋白 (c Tn T)作为心肌肌钙蛋白的一种亚型 ,在血清中的浓度变化与某些心脏疾患的诊断、病情危重程度的评价及预后的判断有密切关系 ,并在其中的某些方面已成为一种独立的生化指标 ,对临床诊断和治疗具有明确指导意义。有关它的检测方法也相应得到了发展和创新 ,但它的理化特性及临床应用尚存在未明确的部分 ,值得进一步研究。