IL-33基因单核苷酸多态性与中国南方汉人炎症性肠病临床表型相关*

 目的：探讨白细胞介素33（IL-33）基因单核苷酸多态性（SNP）与中国南方汉人炎症性肠病（IBD）的关系。方法：通过HapMap数据库筛选出IL-33基因8个SNP序列标签;对250例克罗恩病（CD）患者、115例溃疡性结肠炎（UC）患者及622名健康对照采用MALDI-TOF MS技术进行基因分型检测。结果：8个SNP位点的基因型及等位基因频率在病例（包括CD及UC）及对照组中无明显差异（P>0.05）。基因型-临床表型分析发现多个SNP位点与CD部分临床表型相关：rs10118795 T等位基因是肠外表现的保护因素（P<0.05, OR=0.513, 95% CI： 0.281～0.938）,而rs7025417 CC基因型是肠外表现的危险因素（P<0.05, OR=1.363, 95% CI： 1.006～1.846）;rs10118795 C等位基因降低肛周病变风险（P<0.05, OR=0.480, 95% CI： 0.232～0.994）,而rs10975519 CC基因型增加肛周病变风险（P<0.05, OR=2.054 , 95% CI： 1.053~4.009）;rs10975509 G等位基因是上消化道型CD的危险因素（P<0.05, OR=3.570, 95% CI： 1.328~9.600）,且其A等位基因携带者发生回结肠型CD的风险增加（P<0.05, OR=0.613, 95% CI： 0.377~0.996）;在治疗方面,rs10118795、rs10975509和rs7025417基因型均与CD患者英夫利昔单抗治疗后30周黏膜愈合相关（P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.05）。UC患者中,未发现这8个SNP位点影响其临床表型（P>0.05）。结论：本研究中IL-33基因8个SNP位点不增加中国南方人群CD及UC发病风险,但部分位点影响CD的临床表型,某些SNP位点可能成为预测英夫利昔单抗疗效的标志物。     

HLA-C variants associated with amino acid substitutions in the peptide binding groove influence susceptibility to Kawasaki disease

Kawasaki disease (KD) is a pediatric vasculitis caused by an unknown trigger in genetically susceptible children. The incidence varies widely across genetically diverse populations. Several associations with HLA Class I alleles have been reported in single cohort studies. Using a genetic approach, from the nine single nucleotide variants (SNVs) associated with KD susceptibility in children of European descent, we identified SNVs near the HLA-C (rs6906846) and HLA-B genes (rs2254556) whose association was replicated in a Japanese descent cohort (rs6906846 p = 0.01, rs2254556 p = 0.005). The risk allele (A at rs6906846) was also associated with HLA-C*07:02 and HLA-C*04:01 in both US multi-ethnic and Japanese cohorts and HLA-C*12:02 only in the Japanese cohort. The risk A-allele was associated with eight non-conservative amino acid substitutions (amino acid positions); Asp or Ser (9), Arg (14), Ala (49), Ala (73), Ala (90), Arg (97), Phe or Ser (99), and Phe or Ser (116) in the HLA-C peptide binding groove that binds peptides for presentation to cytotoxic T cells (CTL). This raises the possibility of increased affinity to a “KD peptide” that contributes to the vasculitis of KD in genetically susceptible children.     

HLA-G非编码区单核苷酸多态性在复发性流产患者中的表达及对影响多因素Logistic分析研究

目的探讨HLA-G非编码区单核苷酸多态性在复发性流产患者中的表达及对影响多因素Logistic分析研究。方法选择2016年6月-2018年12月我院正常妊娠且无流产史患者作为对照组,选择期间复发性流产患者(URSA)作为观察组其中对照组30例,观察组20例。采用聚合酶链反应(PCR)检测HLA-G非编码区14bp基因多态性和逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR),比较两组人群绒毛组织HLA-G 14bp插入/缺失基因型及绒毛组织中HLA-G mRNA的相对表达量及对多因素Logistic分析的影响。结果观察组-14bp/+14bp的杂合子基因频率为65.00%,对照组-14bp/+14bp的杂合子基因频率为43.33%,观察组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);插入纯合子基因频率为+14bp/+14bp为10%。对照组基因频率为26.67%,与对照组比较有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组HLA-G mRNA水平显着高于对照组(t=9.658,P=0.000)(P<0.05);HLA-G 蛋白在观察组里呈强表达,在对照组里呈弱表达,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);HLA-G非编码区单核苷酸多态性也是导致患者复发性流产的一个重要因素,对于复发性流产多因素Logistic分析研究提供一个新的研究方向。结论 HLA-G非编码区-14bp/+14bp的杂合子基因大大增加了复发性流产患者的发病几率,同时复发性流产影响HLA-G mRNA及HLA-G 蛋白的正常表达。对复发性流产多因素Logistic分析提供一个新的研究方向。     

Analysis of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the Gamma Block of the Major Histocompatibility Complex in Association with Clinical Outcomes of Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation: A Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research Study

HLA haplotype mismatches have been associated with an elevated risk of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) in patients undergoing HLA-matched unrelated donor (URD) hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). The gamma block (GB) is located in the central MHC region between beta and delta blocks (encoding HLA-B and -C and HLA-DQ and -DR antigens, respectively) and contains numerous inflammatory and immune regulatory genes, including Bf, C2, and C4 genes. A single-center study showed that mismatches in SNPs c.2918+98G, c.3316C, and c.4385C in the GB block (C4 SNPs) were associated with higher risk of grade III-IV aGVHD. We investigated the association of GB SNP (GBS) mismatches with outcomes after 10/10 and 9/10 URD HCT (n?=?714). The primary outcome was acute GVHD. Overall survival, disease-free survival, transplantation-related mortality, relapse, chronic GVHD, and engraftment were also analyzed. DNA samples were GBS genotyped by identifying 338 SNPs across 20 kb using the Illumina NGS platform. The overall 100-day incidence of aGVHD grade II-IV and II-IV were 41% and 17%, respectively. The overall incidence of matching at all GBSs tested and at the C4 SNPs were 23% and 81%, respectively. Neither being matched across all GB SNPs tested (versus mismatched) nor having a higher number of GBS mismatches was associated with transplantation outcomes. There was no association between C4 SNP mismatches and outcomes except for an unexpected significant association between having 2 C4 SNP mismatches and a higher hazard ratio (HR) for relapse (association seen in 15 patients only; HR, 3.38, 95% confidence interval, 1.75 to 6.53; P?=?.0003). These data do not support the hypothesis that mismatching at GB is associated with outcomes after HCT.     

CASP3基因单核苷酸多态性与中国儿童川崎病的相关性研究

目的 分析半胱氨酸蛋白酶3基因(caspase-3,CASP3)多态性与中国儿童川崎病(Kawasakidisease,KD)临床表型的潜在相关性,以寻找中国儿童KD发生发展的高风险分子标记.方法 采用病例对照研究,实验组包括238例KD患儿,对照组包含年龄与性别组成匹配的364名非KD儿童.同时应用聚合酶链式反应-限制性片段长度多态性与DNA测序技术,对研究对象的CASP3基因包括功能性单核苷酸多态位点(single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP)rs113420705在内的3个多态位点进行基因分型,分别比较KD组与对照组、继发与不继发冠状动脉损伤(coronary artery lesions,CALs)以及静脉注射免疫球蛋白(intravenous immunoglobulin,IVIG)治疗敏感与抗性情况下这些SNP位点等位基因与基因型频率.结果 KD组中rs113420705的T等位基因频率与该等位基因携带者频率均显著高于对照组.在3种常见的单倍型中,2种包含SNP rs113420705风险等位基因的单倍型更常见于KD患者组.3个SNP位点的等位基因、基因型与次等位基因携带者频率在继发与不继发CALs患者组,以及IVIG治疗敏感与不敏感患者组之间差异均无统计学意义.结论 CASP3基因rs113420705与中国人群川崎病的发生存在显著的相关性,提示该SNP的风险等位基因有希望成为判断中国儿童川崎病易患性的分子遗传标记.CASP3基因风险单倍型的证实为该基因在KD发生中的作用提供了新的证据.     

Polymorphisms in chemokine receptor genes and susceptibility to Kawasaki disease

Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute vasculitis occurring in young children. Its aetiology is unknown, but an infectious agent is assumed. Increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines have been reported in KD. Genetic variation in these genes and the receptors for these genes could influence the regulation of cytokines and chemokines. In a case-control study of 170 Dutch Caucasian KD patients and 300 healthy Dutch Caucasian controls, common genetic variants in chemokine receptor genes CCR3, CCR2, CCR5, CX3CR1, CXCR1 and CXCR2 were analysed. Of the eight studied single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the CCR3-CCR2-CCR5 gene cluster, four showed a significant association with susceptibility to KD. Moreover the CCR5-Delta32 was observed with an allele frequency of 10.7% in the control population compared to 6.5% in the KD patients (P = 0.04). Two haplotypes of the CCR3-CCR2-CCR5 gene-cluster appear to be at risk haplotypes for KD and one a protective haplotype. No association was observed with the studied SNPs in CX3CR1, CXCR1 and CXCR2. In conclusion, in a Dutch cohort of KD patients an association of KD occurrence with common genetic variants in the chemokine receptor gene-cluster CCR3-CCR2-CCR5 was observed.     

Genetic Polymorphisms in the CD40 Ligand Gene and Kawasaki Disease

BACKGROUND: Although some previous studies have reported that genetic and immunological factors play important roles in the pathogenesis of Kawasaki disease (KD), the etiological factors of this enigmatical pediatric disease are still poorly understood. PURPOSE: This study aims to investigate whether polymorphisms of the CD40 ligand (CD40L) gene are associated with KD and the development of coronary artery lesions (CAL) in the Taiwanese children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The CD40L -3459 A/G and IVS4+121 A/G single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped in 167 children with KD and 1,010 ethnically matched healthy controls by TaqMan assay. RESULTS: None of the CD40L polymorphisms was associated with susceptibility or CAL development of KD, and this finding was supported by the haplotype analysis. CONCLUSION: In summary, these results provide little support for specific CD40L SNPs in the susceptibility or CAL development of KD in Taiwanese children. However, it will be necessary to validate or replicate this association in other independent large-size ethnic groups.     

A combination of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the 3′untranslated region of HLA-G is associated with preeclampsia

Reduced expression of human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) has been linked to onset of preeclampsia. Associations have also been reported between preeclampsia and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the 3′-untranslated region (UTR) of the HLA-G gene. However, there are conflicting results between studies. This studied examined whether a SNP, by itself or in combination with other SNPs, in the 3′UTR of the HLA-G gene is associated with an increased risk of preeclampsia. Placenta samples were obtained from 47 preeclamptic and 68 control cases. DNA was extracted, and the 3′UTR was sequenced and analyzed for nine polymorphisms using different genetic models of inheritance. Four of these polymorphisms have never been analyzed for an association with preeclampsia. Disputing existing reports, preeclamptic cases were suggestively associated with a G/G-genotype at SNP +3187 (p < 0.05). Several SNP combinations were more prevalent in preeclampsia cases. Following corrections for multiple testing, one SNP combination (+3027C/C and +3187G/G) was significantly more prevalent in preeclampsia cases using co-dominant, additive, and dominant models (p < 0.001). Taken together with the current literature, the data suggests that HLA-G 3′UTR SNP-pair associations, and not individual SNPs, could be useful in a predictive test for the susceptibility to preeclampsia.     

Genetic variants of TNFSF4 and risk for carotid artery disease and stroke

In two independent human cohorts, the minor allele of SNP rs3850641 in TNFSF4 was significantly more frequent in individuals with myocardial infarction than in controls. In mice, Tnfsf4 expression is associated with increased atherosclerosis. The expression of TNFSF4 in human atherosclerosis and the association between genotype and cerebrovascular disease have not yet been investigated. TNFSF4 messenger RNA (mRNA) levels were significantly higher in human atherosclerotic lesions compared with controls (730 ± 30 vs 330 ± 65 arbitrary units, p < 0.01). TNFSF4 was mainly expressed by macrophages in atherosclerotic lesions. In cell culture, endothelial cells upregulated TNFSF4 in response to tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α; 460 ± 110 vs 133 ± 8 arbitrary units, p < 0.001 after 6 h of stimulation). We analyzed the TNFSF4 gene in 239 patients who had undergone carotid endarterectomy and 138 matching controls from The Biobank of Karolinska Carotid Endarterectomies and Stockholm Heart Epidemiology Program cohorts and 929 patients and 1,382 matching controls from the Sahlgrenska Academy Study on Ischemic Stroke and Case Control Study of Stroke cohorts, limiting inclusion to patients with ischemic stroke. Participants were genotyped for the rs3850641 SNP in TNFSF4. Genotype associations were neither found with TNFSF4 mRNA levels nor with atherosclerosis associated systemic factors or risk for stroke. This study shows that TNFSF4 is expressed on antigen-presenting cells in human carotid atherosclerotic lesions but provides no evidence for an association of TNFSF4 gene variation with the risk for ischemic stroke.     

The MHC type 1 diabetes susceptibility gene is centromeric to HLA-DQB1

HLA-DQB1 is widely considered to be the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) susceptibility gene for type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, since inheritance of the gene in T1D is recessive, the presence of the protective HLA-DQB1 0602 allele with normal nucleotide sequence in some patients raises the question of whether HLA-DQB1 is not the susceptibility locus itself but merely a good marker. HLA-DQB1 0602 is part of a conserved extended haplotype (CEH) [HLA-B7, SC31, DR2] (B7, DR2) with fixed DNA over more than 1Mb of genomic DNA that normally carries a protective allele at the true susceptibility locus. We postulated that, in patients with HLA-DQB1 0602, the protective allele at the susceptibility locus has been replaced by a susceptibility allele through an ancient crossover at meiosis centromeric to HLA-DQB1. We analyzed single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) distinguishing the HLA-DQA2 (the first expressed gene centromeric to HLA-DQB1) allele on the normal HLA-B7, DR2 CEH from those on susceptibility CEHs in T1D patients and controls with HLA-DQB1 0602. All but 1 of 20 healthy control HLA-DQB1 0602 haplotypes had identical (consensus) first intron HLA-DQA2 5-SNP haplotypes. Fifteen of 19 patients with HLA-DQB1 0602 were homozygous for 1 or more HLA-DQA2 SNPs differing from consensus HLA-DQA2 SNPs, providing evidence of crossover involving the HLA-DQA2 locus. The remaining 4 patients were heterozygous at all positions and therefore uninformative. The loss of dominant protection usually associated with HLA-DQB1 0602 haplotypes is consistent with a locus centromeric to HLA-DQB1 being a major determinant of MHC-associated susceptibility, and perhaps the true T1D susceptibility locus.     

A novel HLA-G allele, HLA-G*010111, in the Brazilian population

The human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) gene plays an important role in pregnancy and is related to negative signals for natural killer cells and T lymphocytes. Herein a new HLA-G allele (HLA-G*010111) is described in the Brazilian population--one of the most heterogeneous populations in the world. The new allele is associated with the 14-bp deletion at exon 8 and is similar to the HLA-G*01010105 allele, except for a C to G transversion at codon 117 in exon 3.     

RET基因调控区遗传变异与先天性巨结肠患病风险研究

目的先天性巨结肠（HSCR）是一种复杂的先天性疾病,RET是其主要的易感性基因。本研究对RET非编码区单核甘酸多态性（SNP）-5G〉A（rs10900296）,-1A〉C（rs10900297）和intron1 C〉T（rs2435357）进行分型分析,评估RET基因调控区SNPs及单倍型与先天性巨结肠之间的相关性。方法选取115名病例组病人和139名对照组正常人群,应用聚合酶链反应（PCR）技术和直接测序的方法进行基因分型。回归模型中使用OR值和95%置信区间（CI）作为基因型危险性的评价指标。结果 -5G〉A,-1A〉C,intron1C〉T各基因型频率在病例和对照人群的分布具有显著差异。-5 AA（OR=6.26,95%CI=3.62-10.83）,-1 CC（OR=7.54,95%CI=2.06-27.66）和intron1 TT（OR=19.22,95% CI=7.54-48.99）基因型均能显著增加HSCR发病的风险。单倍型A-C-T（OR=6.28,95% CI=3.77-10.46）和双体型A-C-T/A-C-T（OR=13.62,95% CI=3.48-53.30）分析同样表明与HSCR发病风险存在较强的相关性,并呈现出一定的累积效应。结论 RET基因调控区的基因多态性可能与HSCR的发病易感性有关,支持RET通路的常见变异在HSCR的发展过程中起着重要的作用的假设。     

Genetic variants of the class A scavenger receptor gene are associated with coronary artery disease in Chinese

The class A scavenger receptor,encoded by the macrophage scavenger receptor 1(MSR1) gene,is a pattern recognition receptor(PPR) primarily expressed in macrophages.It has been reported that genetic polymorphisms of MSR1 are significantly associated with the number of diseased vessels and coronary artery narrowing greater than 20% in Caucasians.However,whether it links genetically to coronary artery disease(CAD) in Chinese is not defined.Here,we performed an independent case-control study in a Chinese population consisting of 402 CAD cases and 400 controls by genotyping ten single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) of MSR1.We found that rs416748 and rs13306541 were significantly associated with an increased risk of CAD with per allele odds ratio(OR) of 1.56 [95% confidence interval(CI) = 1.28-1.90;P < 0.001] and 1.70(95% CI = 1.27-2.27;P < 0.001),respectively.Our results indicate that genetic variants of MSR1 may serve as predictive markers for the risk of CAD in combination with traditional risk factors of CAD in Chinese population.     

Host responses are induced in feathers of chickens infected with Marek's disease virus

Control measures are ineffective in curtailing Marek's disease virus (MDV) infection and replication in the feather follicle epithelium (FFE). Therefore, vaccinated birds which subsequently become infected with MDV, shed the virulent virus although they remain protected against disease. The present study investigated host responses generated against MDV infection in the feather. We observed that in parallel with an increase in viral genome load and viral replication in the feather, there was a gradual but progressive increase in infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells into the feather pulp of MDV-infected chickens, starting on day 4 and peaking by day 10 post-infection. Concomitant with infiltration of T cells, the expression of interleukin (IL)-18, IL-6, interferon (IFN)-gamma and major histocompatibility complex class I genes was significantly enhanced in the feather pulp of MDV-infected chickens. The finding that host responses are generated in the feather may be exploited for developing strategies to control MDV infection in the FFE, thus preventing horizontal virus transmission.     

Lack of Association of the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Gene Polymorphisms with Kawasaki Disease in Taiwanese Children

INTRODUCTION: Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute febrile vasculitis of unknown etiology that mainly occurs in infants and children. Clinical and histopathologic findings suggest that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is involved in the coronary artery lesions (CALs) development in KD. This study hypothesized that specific VEGF gene polymorphisms and their haplotypes are associated with KD susceptibility and CAL development in Taiwanese children. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The VEGF -2578 A/C, -634 G/C, and +936 C/T single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped in 156 children with KD and 672 ethnically matched healthy controls using the Pre-Developed TaqMan Allelic Discrimination Assay. RESULTS: No significant differences in genotype, allele, carrier, and haplotype frequencies of the three SNPs were found between healthy controls and children with KD or between patients with and without CAL. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that VEGF -2578 A/C, -634 G/C, and +936 C/T SNPs do not confer increased susceptibility to KD or to CAL development.     

Polymorphisms at codons 56 and 174 of the prion-like protein gene (PRND) are not associated with sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

Association between sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) and the prion-like protein gene (PRND) has been reported in the German population. To investigate whether the PRND polymorphisms are associated with an increased risk for developing sporadic CJD in the Korean population, we compared the genotype and allele frequencies of PRND polymorphisms in 110 sporadic CJD patients with those in 102 healthy Koreans. Two polymorphisms (P56L, T174 M) in Koreans were found in the open reading frame (ORF) of PRND. One heterozygote of P56L was observed in normal controls but not in sporadic CJD patients. A strong significant difference of PRND genotype frequency at codon 174 was found between the normal Korean population and various European populations. In contrast to results in the German population, our study did not show a significant difference in PRND genotype or allele frequency at codon 174 between sporadic CJD and normal controls. This was the first genetic association study of the ORF of PRND in an Asian CJD population.     

Genetic variations in innate immunity genes affect response to Coxiella burnetii and are associated with susceptibility to chronic Q fever

ObjectivesChronic Q fever is a persistent infection, mostly of aortic aneurysms, vascular prostheses or damaged heart valves, caused by the intracellular bacterium Coxiella burnetii. Only a fraction of C. burnetii-infected individuals at risk develop chronic Q fever. In these individuals, a defective innate immune response may contribute to the development of chronic Q fever. We assessed whether genetic variations in genes involved in the killing machinery for C. burnetii by macrophages, contribute to the progression to chronic Q fever.MethodsThe prevalence of 66 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 31 genes pivotal in phagolysosomal maturation, bacterial killing and autophagy, was determined in 173 chronic Q fever patients and 184 controls with risk factors for chronic Q fever and serological evidence of a C. burnetii infection. Associations were detected with univariate logistic regression models. To assess the effect of these SNPs on innate responses to C. burnetii, the C. burnetii-induced cytokine production and basal reactive oxygen species production of healthy volunteers was determined.ResultsRAB7A (rs13081864) and P2RX7 loss-of-function SNP (rs3751143) were more common in chronic Q fever patients than in controls. RAB5A (rs8682), P2RX7 gain-of-function SNP (rs1718119), MAP1LC3A (rs1040747) and ATG5 (rs2245214) were more common in controls. In healthy volunteers, RAB7A (rs13081864) and MAP1LC3A (rs1040747) influenced the C. burnetii-induced cytokine production. RAB7A (rs13081864) modulated basal reactive oxygen species production.ConclusionsRAB7A (rs13081864) and P2RX7 (rs3751143) are associated with the development of chronic Q fever, whereas RAB5A (rs8682), P2RX7 (rs1718119), MAP1LC3A (rs1040747) and ATG5 (rs2245214) may have protective effects.