Platelet reactivity-adjusted antiplatelet therapy in patients with percutaneous coronary intervention: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Numerous number of evidences show that high on-treatment platelet reactivity is a well-known risk factor for adverse events in patients after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Controversial situations still exist regarding the effectiveness of tailoring antiplatelet therapy according to platelet function monitoring. The PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central databases were searched for randomized trials comparing platelet reactivity-adjusted antiplatelet therapy with conventional antiplatelet therapy in patients undergoing PCI. The primary end point was all-cause mortality, major adverse cardiac events (MACE) including cardiovascular (CV) death, nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI), definite/probable stent thrombosis (ST), revascularization, and stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA). The safety end point was defined as major bleeding events. We derived pooled risk ratios (RRs) with fixed-effect models. Six studies enrolling 6347 patients were included. Compared with conventional treatment, tailoring antiplatelet failed to reduce all-cause mortality (RR: 0.89, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.63–1.24, P = 0.48), MACE (RR: 1.02, 95% CI: 0.92–1.14, P = 0.69), MI (RR: 1.07, 95% CI: 0.95–1.21, P = 0.24), CV death (RR: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.40–1.19, P = 0.09), ST (RR: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.50–1.38, P = 0.23), stroke or TIA (RR: 1.08, 95% CI: 0.55–2.12, P = 0.83), revascularization (RR: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.69–1.33, P = 0.79), and major bleeding events (RR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.53–1.17, P = 0.24).

Compared with traditional antiplatelet treatment, tailoring antiplatelet therapy according to platelet reactivity testing failed to reduce all-cause mortality, MACE, and major bleeding events in patients undergoing PCI.     

Association of cardiac events with coronary artery disease detected by 64-slice or greater coronary CT angiography: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background

The value of ≥ 64-slice coronary CT angiography (CCTA) to determine odds of cardiac death or non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI) needs further clarification.

Methods

We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis using publications reporting events/severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients with suspected CAD undergoing CCTA. Patients were divided into: no CAD, non-obstructive CAD (maximal stenosis < 50%), and obstructive CAD (≥ 50% stenosis). Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated using a fixed or random effects model. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I² index.

Results

We included thirty-two studies comprising 41,960 patients with 363 all-cause deaths (15.0%), 114 cardiac deaths (4.7%), 342 MI (14.2%), 69 unstable angina (2.8%), and 1527 late revascularizations (63.2%) over 1.96 (SD 0.77) years of follow-up. Cardiac death or MI occurred in 0.04% without, 1.29% with non-obstructive, and 6.53% with obstructive CAD. OR for cardiac death or MI was: 14.92 (95% CI, 6.78 to 32.85) for obstructive CAD, 6.41 (95% CI, 2.44 to 16.84) for non-obstructive CAD versus no CAD, and 3.19 (95% CI, 2.29 to 4.45) for non-obstructive versus obstructive CAD and 6.56 (95% CI, 3.07 to 14.02) for no versus any CAD. Similar trends were noted for all-cause mortality and composite major adverse cardiovascular events.

Conclusions

Increasing CAD severity detected by CCTA is associated with cardiac death or MI, all-cause mortality, and composite major adverse cardiovascular events. Absence of CAD is associated with very low odds of major adverse events, but non-obstructive disease significantly increases odds of cardiac adverse events in this follow-up period.     

Effect of the baseline HbA1c on the MACEs in patients with coronary artery disease after percutaneous coronary intervention

Background The present studies evaluated the association between admission glucose and adverse outcomes of people with coronary artery disease(CAD) after primary percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI), but the effects of glucose control levels on these patients' outcomes are not fully studied, and the prognostic value of hemoglobin A1c(Hb A1c) for a better survival is still uncertain. Methods Our study included 440 patients with CAD undergoing the PCI therapy after admission, and who were divided into 2groups, one had Hb A1 c ≤ 6.5%(n = 309), the other 6.5%(n = 131). Then, we gave these patients clinical follow-ups at the first, third, sixth, twelfth month respectively after PCI. Results There were no significant differences between the two groups at the baseline characteristics and the drugs taken by the patients after PCI. But we found that the outcomes of major adverse cardiac events(MACEs) were significantly better in Hb A1 c ≤6.5% group than in Hb A1 c 6.5% group(P = 0.016) according to the COX multivariate regression analysis. Conclusion The MACE-free survival after PCI is significantly better when Hb A1 c is≤ 6.5% than Hb A1 c is 6.5%.     

抗氧化剂普罗布考对冠心病介入后患者主要不良心血管事件的Meta分析

目的评价抗氧化剂普罗布考对改善冠心病介入后患者主要不良心血管事件(MACE)的作用。方法检索PubMed、EMBASE、Science Direct和Cochrane临床对照试验中心注册库(the cochrane central register of clinical trial)、中文学术期刊全文数据库(CNKI)和万方数据库(WFDP)等电子数据库进行检索。中英文检索词包括抗氧化剂或普罗布考或维他命C或维他命E或N-乙酰半胱氨酸和血管成形术或支架和随机。采用Cochrane协作网提供的RevMan5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果在纳入的349篇文献中,有7篇文献对冠心病介入后患者发生MACE事件进行了报告,普罗布考组(n=352)发生MACE事件72例,发生率为20.5%;对照组(n=354)发生MACE事件111例,发生率为31.4%。与对照组比较,普罗布考组明显降低MAEC发生率(RR:0.65,95%CI 0.51～0.84,P=0.0008)。经进一步分析,与对照组比较,普罗布考组有52例患者发生再次血运重建事件,发生率为14.8%,显著低于对照组(86例,发生率为24.3%,95%CI 0.44～0.83,P=0.002)。两组再次心肌梗死和全因死亡率差异无显著性(P=0.34,P=0.49)。此外,与对照组比较,普罗布考组显著降低介入后患者总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白水平(SMD-0.68, 95%CI-0.87～-0.49,P0.00001; SMD-0.28, 95%CI-0.46～-0.11,P=0.001)。结论与冠心病介入后常规治疗比较,抗氧化剂普罗布考联合常规治疗可明显降低MACE发生率,该作用与普罗布考降低再次血运重建,改善总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白水平相关。     

多支冠状动脉病变患者1911例PCI二年疗效

目的评价多支冠状动脉病变（MVD）通过经皮冠状动脉介入（PCI）进行血运重建的长期疗效。方法1995年6月2003年12月连续2028例在我院成功接受PCI的MVD患者,对其心绞痛复发率、造影复查再狭窄率和主要不良心脏事件（MACE）的发生率进行回顾分析。结果2028例MVD患者,完全性血运重建率86.2%（1748/2028）,住院期间共死亡26例（总病死率1.3%）,对存活出院的2002例患者中的1911例随访24个月,随访率95.5%,其心绞痛复发率、造影复查再狭窄率和MACE发生率分别为10.7%、14.6%、25.4%,其中1754例植入普通金属支架（BMS）,157例植入药物洗脱支架（DES）。尽管DES组患者冠心病危险因素多、病变程度复杂,不稳定心绞痛占61.8%、糖尿病占41.4%、慢性完全闭塞病变（CTO）占37.6%、3支病变占58.0%,但心绞痛复发率、造影复查再狭窄率和MACE发生率均显著低于BMS组（分别为4.5%vs11.2%,3.2%vs15.7%,8.9%vs26.9%,均P<0.01）。结论PCI进行血运重建是治疗MVD的有效方法,但仍存在BMS支架术后不良事件发生率高,DES用于治疗MVD具有更好的长期疗效。     

不同血运重建策略对老年非ST段抬高型急性冠脉综合征合并多支血管病变患者预后的影响

目的比较一次与分次经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗完全血运重建对高龄非ST段抬高型急性冠脉综合征(NSTE-ACS)合并多支血管病变(MVD)患者预后的影响。方法回顾性分析陕西省第四人民医院心血管内科2016年6月至2017年1月住院治疗的高龄NSTE-ACS合并MVD患者110例,其中男性67例,女性43例,年龄(63.1±8.5)岁。根据完全血运重建策略不同分为一次PCI组(n=48)和分次PCI组(n=62),比较两组患者PCI治疗、住院期间主要并发症和院内主要不良心血管事件(MACEs)发生率。术后对患者随访6个月,比较两组心功能、心绞痛症状改善情况和MACEs发生率。采用SPSS 19.0统计软件对数据进行分析。组间比较采用t检验或x~2检验。结果患者术前左室射血分数(LVEF)和院内全球急性冠状动脉事件注册(GRACE)评分差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。分次PCI组单次造影剂用量明显低于一次PCI组[(180.0±60.0)vs(230.0±70.0)ml,P=0.04],院内MACEs和住院期间主要并发症较一次次PCI组显著降低[1.6%(1/62)vs 10.4%(5/48),P=0.04;4.8%(3/62)vs 18.8%(9/48),P=0.02]。随访6个月结果表明分次PCI组较一次PCI组MACEs发生率降低[4.9%(3/61》)vs 17.4%(8/46),P=0.03]。结论分次PCI完全血运重建安全有效,可能是高龄NSTE-ACS合并MVD患者优先选用的介入治疗策略。     

Impact of attenuated plaques on TIMI grade flow and clinical outcomes of coronary artery disease patients: a systematic review and meta analysis

Background

Plaques with a large necrotic core or lipid pool and thin-cap fibroatheroma manifest as attenuated plaques on intravascular ultrasound (IVUS). Their impact on TIMI grade flow and clinical outcomes remains undefined. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize the association between attenuated plaque and distal embolization and clinical outcomes of coronary artery disease (CAD) from pooled data of published eligible cohort studies.

Methods

We searched the literature on TIMI grade flow and clinical outcomes on PubMed, Ovid, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, CNKI and WanFang databases. Study heterogeneity and publication bias were estimated.

Results

A total of 3,833 patients were enrolled in nine studies. Five studies investigated TIMI grade flow and attenuated plaques. They revealed no difference in TIMI grade flow before percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) between the attenuated and non-attenuated plaque group (RR =1.25; 95% CI: 0.65 to 2.41; P=0.50). After balloon dilation and stent implantation, the incidence of TIMI 0~2 grade flow in the attenuated plaque group was statistically significant higher than that of the non-attenuated plaque group (RR =4.73; 95% CI: 3.03 to 7.40; P<0.001). Five other studies investigated major cardiovascular events (MACEs) and attenuated plaques and found no difference in MACE rates within three years of follow up.

Conclusions

Our study presents the evidence that plaque with ultrasound signal attenuation would induce slow/no reflow phenomenon and distal embolization during PCI, but this appearance has no impact on MACE rates within three years.     

血浆残余胆固醇水平与青年冠心病的远期不良心血管事件有关

目的]明确残余胆固醇(RC)与青年冠心病患者远期心血管风险的关系。 [方法]回顾性分析2013年5月—2015年11月住院行冠状动脉造影的冠心病患者3 200例,按照年龄分为三组:青年组(＜45岁)、中年组(45～70岁)和老年组(≥70岁);根据RC水平分为高组和低组。统计分析主要不良心血管事件(MACE)的发生率。用KM法评估无MACE事件的生存率,Cox回归评价临床终点的预测因子。采用限制性立方样条(RCS)模型展示RC与MACE风险之间的剂量-效应关系。 [结果]完成随访3 112例,随访率为97.25%。其中青年组(＜45岁)160例,中年组(45～70岁)2 390例,老年组(≥70岁)562例。随访时间中位数7.36年。其中864例(27.8%)经历了MACE事件。KM曲线显示,RC不是全年龄段冠心病患者远期发生MACE的预测因子(P＞0.05),也不是中年组和老年组的预测因子(P＞0.05);KM曲线和Cox回归发现,RC是青年冠心病患者远期发生MACE的独立预测因子,青年冠心病患者的RC每升高1 mmol/L其发生MACE的风险增加1.07倍(HR=2.7,5%CI:1.35~3.17,P＜0.01);通过计算及验证,发现预测青年冠心病患者发生MACE的RC最佳截断值为0.94 mmol/L,RC＞0.94 mmol/L的青年冠心病患者MACE风险增加1.98倍(HR=2.8,5%CI:1.41~6.32,P＜0.01);反之,RC＜0.94 mmol/L的青年冠心病患者MACE风险降低66%(HR=0.4,5%CI:0.16~0.71,P＜0.01)。 [结论]高血浆RC水平是青年冠心病患者远期(7.36年)发生MACE的独立预测因子,该人群RC水平的最佳截断值为0.94 mmol/L,在此水平以下可使青年冠心病患者的MACE风险降低66%。     

冠状动脉钙化病变介入治疗术后主要不良心血管事件列线图预测模型的建立与评价

[目的]探讨冠状动脉钙化(CAC)患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术后主要不良心血管事件(MACE)发生的危险因素,据此构建CAC患者PCI术后MACE发生的列线图预测模型。[方法]回顾性分析2018年1月—2019年12月就诊于新疆医科大学第四附属医院心内科行冠状动脉造影(CAG)或血管内超声(IVUS)明确诊断为CAC并接受PCI术的406名患者的临床资料。根据随访期间是否出现MACE将研究对象分为事件组(60例)和非事件组(346例)。采用LASSO和多因素Logistic回归分析确定CAC患者PCI术后MACE发生的独立危险因素,在此基础上构建列线图预测模型并对模型进行评价。[结果] LASSO和多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,高龄、糖尿病、肾功能不全、Gensini评分升高和旋磨术是MACE发生的危险因素,而最小管腔直径(MLD)增大是MACE发生的保护因素(P<0.05)。利用上述6个预测指标构建列线图预测模型,内部验证后,列线图预测CAC患者PCI术后MACE发生的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)为0.824(95%CI:0.767～0.875),灵敏度为0.7...