不同区域晶状体上皮细胞基因表达差异分析

【目的】比较不同区域猪晶状体上皮细胞的基因表达在转录组水平上的差异。【方法】解剖显微镜下分离晶状体前囊膜,将附着于其上的上皮细胞分为中央(直径为10.56mm)和周边两部分。分别提取两个样本的总RNAs并经PCR扩增,以Cy3和Cy5分别标记扩增的中央与周边部分的cDNA,与含7548个基因的表达谱芯片杂交,经图像分析,生物信息学处理获得基因表达在转录水平差异的相关信息。【结果】中央与周边区域的猪晶状体上皮细胞在转录组水平共鉴定出952个有效表达的基因点,其中差异表达基因261个,以中央区域为参照,周边上皮细胞mRNA上调137个,下调124个。差异表达基因主要涉及的功能有:细胞周期与凋亡、细胞骨架蛋白及细胞外基质、转录、细胞信号分子等。【结论】中央与周边区域猪晶状体上皮细胞基因表达在转录组水平上差异明显。这类差异呈明显的功能聚类。     

蛋白酶体β5亚单位过表达对氧化环境下人晶状体上皮细胞的影响

【目的】探讨蛋白酶体筇亚单位（PSMB5）基因过表达对氧化条件下晶状体上皮细胞的影响。【方法】构建重组质粒pcDNA3．1-PSMB5并将其转染人人晶状体上皮细胞株SRAO1／04中，形成稳定表达，同时设pcDNA3．1空载体为对照组。RT—PCR法及Western blot法分别检测PSMB5基因及蛋白的表达情况。H2O2分别作用PSMB5转染细胞及空载体转染细胞，MTT法检测细胞增殖能力的变化。【结果】转染后用G418筛选3周后，获得PSMB5转染及空载体转染的G418抗性的细胞克隆。转染PSMB5基因的细胞PSMB5 mRNA表达强度明显增高．而空载体转染细胞与未转染细胞无显著差异：转染PSMB5基因的细胞的PSMB5蛋白表达也显著高于空载体转染细胞。低浓度H2O2作用后，转染PSMB5基因的细胞增殖能力高于空载体转染细胞。【结论】低浓度氧化环境下蛋白酶体历亚单位PSMB5过表达能对人晶状体上皮细胞具有保护作用。     

蛋白酶体β5亚单位过表达对氧化环境下人晶状体上皮细胞的影响

 【目的】探讨蛋白酶体筇亚单位（PSMB5）基因过表达对氧化条件下晶状体上皮细胞的影响。【方法】构建重组质粒pcDNA3．1-PSMB5并将其转染人人晶状体上皮细胞株SRAO1／04中，形成稳定表达，同时设pcDNA3．1空载体为对照组。RT—PCR法及Western blot法分别检测PSMB5基因及蛋白的表达情况。H2O2分别作用PSMB5转染细胞及空载体转染细胞，MTT法检测细胞增殖能力的变化。【结果】转染后用G418筛选3周后，获得PSMB5转染及空载体转染的G418抗性的细胞克隆。转染PSMB5基因的细胞PSMB5 mRNA表达强度明显增高．而空载体转染细胞与未转染细胞无显著差异：转染PSMB5基因的细胞的PSMB5蛋白表达也显著高于空载体转染细胞。低浓度H2O2作用后，转染PSMB5基因的细胞增殖能力高于空载体转染细胞。【结论】低浓度氧化环境下蛋白酶体历亚单位PSMB5过表达能对人晶状体上皮细胞具有保护作用。     

茯苓菌落褐变的转录组测序分析

【目的】探究中药茯苓菌落褐变的相关基因,为进一步验证茯苓菌丝褐变相关基因及探讨其分子机理奠定基础。【方法】对茯苓正常与褐变菌丝体共4个样品的转录组进行测序,并与茯苓参考基因组进行序列比对,并基于比对结果进行各基因在不同样品中的表达量分析。【结果】共鉴定到12 383个转录本,发掘新基因1 017个,其中260个得到功能注释;发现正常菌落与3个不同程度褐变菌落有336个共同差异基因。【结论】茯苓菌落褐变的转录组测序分析发现系列差异表达基因,部分基因的表达量倍数差异达到数百倍甚至上千倍,它们的相关功能值得进行深入分析。     

新型去甲万古霉素-纤维蛋白胶磷酸钙人工骨研究

目的 利用基因表达谱芯片技术筛选过表达Cdx2的胃癌MGC-803细胞与对照组间差异表达的免疫相关基因,探讨Cdx2对胃癌细胞免疫相关基因表达的影响。 方法 分别抽取Cdx2转染组和对照组的细胞总RNA,分离纯化mRNA并逆转录合成荧光分子(Cy3/ Cy5)标记cDNA 探针,与含有21522条人类22k基因表达谱芯片进行杂交。采用LuxScan 10K/A双通道激光扫描仪扫描芯片上两种信号,应用LuxScan3.0图像分析软件对芯片图像进行处理和分析。 结果 在21522条基因中,胃癌细胞间差异性表达基因为有551条,其中302条上调,249条下调。其中与免疫相关的基因共有7个,分别为HLA-E、RRAS、ULBP2、HLA-G、HLA-C、CTSB、CTSL,均表达上调。结论 Cdx2过表达上调了胃癌MGC803细胞免疫相关基因的表达,这可能与胃癌细胞生物学行为的改变有关。 【关键词】 胃癌;Cdx2;免疫相关基因;差异表达基因     

颅内动脉瘤信号传导相关基因的筛选

【目的】基因芯片技术建立颅内动脉瘤患者血液单核细胞基因表达谱，筛选与信号传导相关的基因表达情况。【方法】50例颅内动脉瘤患者外周血，10例正常成人作为对照组，分离血液单核细胞，提取总RNA，与含22215个人类基因的Affymetrix寡核苷酸基因芯片杂交、洗脱、染色和扫描，分析检测的数据。荧光定量RT—PCR验证芯片结果。【结果】检测的22215个基因中，颅内动脉瘤共差异表达的基因有325个，差异水平均达2倍以上的基因有35个，生物信息学分析发现信号传导相关基因有7个，其中上调基因5个，下调基因2个。【结论】血液单核细胞基因表达谱是研究颅内动脉瘤发病机制的新策略，多个信号传导相关基因参与颅内动脉瘤的形成和发展。     

阳春砂实时荧光定量PCR内参基因的筛选

【目的】筛选稳定表达的内参基因,用于阳春砂不同发育时期的果皮和种子团中基因表达量实时荧光定量PCR(qRTPCR)检测的校正。【方法】以阳春砂3个不同发育时期的果实(分为果皮和种子团)为材料,根据高通量测序得到的转录组和表达谱数据,选择5个表达稳定的常用内参基因β-actin、EF-1α、GAPDH、PGK和TUA作为候选基因,并利用qPCR技术检测它们在不同样品中表达水平的变化,使用GeNorm和NormFinder软件对基因的稳定性进行分析。【结果】5个内参基因在不同发育时期的果皮和种子团中的表达稳定性有明显的差异,其中GeNorm分析得到的内参基因的稳定顺序为:EF-1α=TUAPGKGAPDHβ-actin,NormFinder的分析结果中稳定性最好的是EF-1α,其次为TUA,其他3个内参基因稳定性的排列顺序与GeNorm软件的结果一致。【结论】可选用EF-1α和TUA作为阳春砂果实发育过程中基因表达量差异分析的双内参基因。     

人肝癌细胞MHCC-97H裸小鼠原位移植模型的建立

【目的】建立人肝癌细胞MHCC-97H原位移植裸鼠模型并检测其中甲胎蛋白（AFP）基因的表达。【方法】原位移植造模;提取模型肝癌组织中的总RNA和总蛋白,采用RT-PCR及Westernblomng两种方法分别检测AFP基因在转录水平和翻译水平的表达情况。【结果】模型肝癌组织在转录和翻译两个水平均检测出AFP基因的表达。【结论】该肝癌裸鼠模型建立成功,可作为肝癌研究的动物模型。     

利用电泳迁移分析法初步探讨肺癌细胞株CEA的转录调控

【目的】探讨癌胚抗原 (CEA)表达水平不同的肺癌细胞株在转录因子水平有无差异。【方法】利用电泳迁移分析法 (EMSA)检测这些细胞株与CEA启动子阳性足迹区探针结合的DNA结合蛋白。维甲酸 (RA)诱导分化A5 49细胞 ,检测诱导前后转录因子的变化。【结果】CEA水平高的细胞DNA结合蛋白的条带信号强 ,CEA水平低的细胞DNA结合蛋白的条带信号弱 ,CEA阴性细胞可见到较弱的DNA结合蛋白信号。结合条带信号在诱导后细胞组明显减弱。【结论】CEA基因特异性的表达部分依赖于转录因子的合成。转录因子量的改变与CEA表达的高低有关 ,并且提示RA对CEA阳性肺癌细胞的诱导是在转录水平起作用。     

妊娠期高血压患者外周血中的脂代谢基因差异表达

【目的】 研究妊娠期高血压疾病患者在孕16~20周外周血白细胞的基因表达谱,寻找妊娠期高血压疾病患者中孕早期外周血白细胞的差异表达基因,并选取异常脂代谢基因进行认证。 【方法】 我院2008年8月至2008年12月间在我院产检且经B超确定孕期为16 ~ 20周的初产妇共800例,随访至妊娠结束,将最终发展为子痫前期的6例患者为研究组,40例正常妊娠妇女为对照组,应用人类全基因组cDNA单荧光芯片检测两组孕妇在妊娠16 ~ 20周时外周血白细胞差异基因表达谱;在差异表达基因中选取氧化修饰低密度脂蛋白(oxLDL) 使用酶联免疫吸附试验法(ELISA)检测血浆浓度;血凝素样氧化低密度脂蛋白受体-1 (LOX-1)及载脂蛋白 A5(APOA5)进行RT-PCR测定。【结果】 研究组和对照组存在差异表达基因,筛选得到983个差异表达基因,其中719个基因表达上调,264个基因表达下调;研究组oxLDL水平、LOX-1水平较正常组明显升高(P < 0.05);研究组APOA5水平较正常组明显降低(P < 0.05);oxLDL水平与LOX-1 mRNA表达水平呈正相关(r为0.91,P < 0.05)。【结论】 妊娠期高血压疾病患者外周血白细胞的脂代谢基因oxLDL、LOX-1及APOA5基因表达在妊娠16 ~ 20 周时与正常妊娠存在明显差异。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.