幻觉的量化描述:(三)特异类别属性的分析

目的 在幻觉的几个类别属性中，了解幻觉特异类别属性。方法 应用幻觉量表对83例精神疾病患者进行评定，进行5类属性的相关分析，应用相应的方法求证。结果 5类属性之间都存在着统计学意义的相关性，每一类属性与其他属性相关关系的平均值，唯效应属性最高。结论 效应属性是幻觉的特异属性．     

精神疾病住院患者幻觉属性分析

目的：了解幻觉属性的相互关系。方法：应用幻觉量表对83例精神疾病患者进行评定，并进行18项属性的相互的相关分析。结果；18个属性中的大多数属性之间都存在着统计学意义的相关性。结论：幻觉大多数属性相关性好，效应属性项目可能是幻觉的主要特征。     

幻觉属性的主成分分析

目的　应用较少的因子来了解幻觉属性。方法　应用幻觉量表对 83例精神疾病患者进行评定 ,并对 18项属性进行主成分分析。结果　 18种属性中的大多数属性之间都存在着统计学意义的相关性 ,可以用 4个因子来表达幻觉属性 ,分别是效应因子、真实性因子、精神病性因子和独有性因子。 4个公共因子的累计贡献率为 56 %。结论　幻觉大多数属性相关性好 ,属性可以从 4个方面来描述。     

幻觉的量化描述：（二）属性的相关分析（1）

目的：了解幻觉属性的相互关系。方法：应用幻觉量表对83例精神疾病患者进行评定，并进行5类属性的相关分析。结果：几乎所有的5类属性之间都存在着统计学意义的相关性，其中效应属性与其它属性关系更为密切，与总分关系最高。结论：幻觉属性相关性好，效应属性可能是主要属性。     

幻觉的量化描述：（二）属性的相关分析（1）

为了解幻觉属怀的相互关系，应用幻觉量表对83例精神中层得进行评定，并进行5类属性的相关分析。结果，几乎所有的5类属性之间都存在着统计学意义的相关性，其中效应避性与其他属性关系更为密切，与总分关系最高。提示，幻觉属性相关性好，效应属性可能是主要属性。     

氟西汀和帕罗西汀治疗抑郁症的对照观察

对氟西汀和帕罗西汀的疗效和副反应进行对照研究。1　对象与方法为符合 CCMD- 2 - R及 ICD- 10抑郁症诊断标准的门诊患者 ,汉密尔顿抑郁量表 (HAMD)评分 >18分 ,抑郁心境项评分 >2分 ;过去未服用过氟西汀或帕罗西汀 ;排除器质性疾病、妊娠或哺乳 ,以及有自杀、攻击行为、幻觉、     

精神分裂症幻听的神经病理及非药物干预研究进展

言语性听幻觉是在没有外界刺激的情况下,让人产生听到声音的知觉障碍,是精神分裂症的典型症状之一.部分幻听患者对抗精神病药物疗效不显著或对药物依从性差,临床上的治疗需要新的策略.现综述精神分裂症言语性听幻觉症状相关脑区的异常研究及非药物干预的研究进展,包括重复经颅磁刺激、认知行为治疗和认知训练等,为治疗提供新思路.     

旅途精神病暴力犯罪特征39例回顾性分析

对３９例旅途精神病暴力犯罪司法鉴定案例进行了分析，发现本组患者最常见的症状是被害妄想、情绪障碍和意识障碍。暴力攻击行为受被害妄想或幻觉直接支配，均指向陌生人。暴力行为的发生有一高峰期。患者受妄想和幻觉的影响。极易采取暴力对抗这种极端应激方式来缓解心理冲突的压力，亦是容易涉及法律问题的重要原因。     

因肇事住院的精神疾病患者调查分析

目的：探讨因肇事而住院的精神疾病患者的原因及相关因素。方法：对2001年内因肇事而住院的55例精神疾病患者进行回顾分析。结果：男39例，女16例，占同期住院病人总数18．5％。精神分裂症居首位。症状以伤人、毁物及危害社会治安为多见。其原因均因精神症状(幻觉，妄想，易激惹，行为紊乱)所引起。结论：对肇事的精神疾病患者应加强监护，及时治疗。     

1337例精神分裂症性别差异的临床比较

本文对１９８７年～１９９１年５年间住院的精神分裂症１３３７例进行性别差异临床调查。结果表明，男性发病年龄较早，未婚率较高，病程较长，幻觉、妄想、思维形式障碍、冲动行为较为突出；女性发病年龄偏晚，情感平淡或淡漠、意志缺乏较为明显。     

A case of peduncular hallucination after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage]

We reported a case of peduncular hallucination after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The patient underwent endovascular embolization of an intracranial aneurysm using the Guglielmi detachable coils (GDCs) 9 days after SAH. On the 11th day, she reported visual hallucination: a maggot was on the ceiling, or a soldier who wore green clothes was standing by a locker. The hallucination was vivid, well-formed and associated with insomnia, suggesting peduncular hallucination. A computed tomographic (CT) scan revealed small infarctions of right frontal lobe, which were not responsible for the visual hallucination. Hyperdynamic therapy relieved the visual hallucination 23 days after SAH. It was conceivable that vasospasm was the cause of the infarction and visual hallucination. Only 4 cases with peduncular hallucination after SAH were reported in conjunction with vasospasm. The symptom may be concealed by disturbance of consciousness. Visual hallucination should be considered as a sign of cerebral vasospasm, and an appropriate treatment should be done at right time.     

The relationship between dysphoria and proneness to hallucination and delusions among young adults

Previous research suggests that measures of dysphoria relate to positive schizophrenic symptoms. These relationships have rarely been studied within the dimensionality of psychopathology framework. The present study examined the relationship between 3 distinct aspects of dysphoria (depression and state and trait anxiety) and delusion and hallucination proneness in a nonclinical sample of young adults. A total of 472 participants were assessed on measures of dysphoria and delusion and hallucination proneness. Correlation analyses revealed significant associations between both anxiety and depression and hallucination and delusion proneness, suggesting that the association between dysphoria and positive symptoms is also present at a nonclinical level. Partial correlations, and hierarchical regression models, suggest an independent contribution of depression, over anxiety, in influencing hallucination and delusional proneness. The results are discussed in the framework of the cognitive account of schizophrenia and the dimensional model of psychopathology.     

氯氮平与舒必利对慢性幻听的疗效观察

目的：探讨氯氮平、舒必利及两药联用对慢性幻听的疗效。方法：将４２例具有慢性幻听的男性病人随机分为三组，分别予氯氮平、舒必利及两药联用，于治疗２、４、８周作简明精神病是一表（ＢＰＲＳ）中幻觉项单项评分评定疗效。结果：治疗结束时联用组显效率为７１．４％，氯氮平组和舒必利组分别为２１．４％、１４．３％。结论：提示氯氮平与舒必利联用能提高对慢性幻听的疗效。     

Personality and emotional response in schizophrenics with persistent auditory hallucination

Personality has been proposed as having a possible effect on the reaction that patients have toward auditory hallucination. However, this factor has not been studied previously. Thus, this study investigated the relationship among demographics, personality, cognition and emotional response in schizophrenics with persistent auditory hallucination. One-hundred and fourteen subjects with persistent auditory hallucination completed the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, the revised Beliefs about Voices Questionnaire and the Chinese-version Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Structural equation model showed that personality had an effect on beliefs about the hallucination (malevolent or benevolent), which then affected the reaction of patients toward these voices (engages or resists). Their reaction will further affect the anxious or depressed state of the patients. When these hallucinations were categorized into the three levels of omnipotence, beliefs and reactions, the model was more significant than that of one-level model. Persistent auditory hallucination only accounted for a portion of the emotional distress when malevolent or benevolent voices were perceived, and personality characteristics accounted for the remaining emotional distress in schizophrenics. This model helped us understand the relationship between personality, cognition and affective symptoms, such that, when therapists decide what “trait” to change, they can determine at which point to intervene.     

认知行为治疗对精神分裂症顽固性幻听的疗效研究

目的 探讨认知行为治疗对精神分裂症顽固性幻听的疗效.方法 60例伴有顽固性幻听的精神分裂症患者随机分为对照组和研究组,各30例.对照组接受常规治疗,研究组在常规治疗基础上联合认知行为治疗,即在8周的时间内给予8次认知行为治疗.采用阳性与阴性症状量表(PAN-SS)、精神病症状评定量表(PSYRATS)和焦虑自评量表(SAS)分别于治疗前、治疗结束时及随访24周评定患者的临床症状.结果 8周治疗结束时,在PANSS的一般精神病理和SAS评分上,研究组显著低于对照组(P＜0.05);随访24周时,在PANSS的幻听、阳性症状、阴性症状、一般精神病理、PSYR-ATS和SAS评分上,研究组显著低于对照组(P＜0.05).对于幻听,研究组有效率显著高于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 认知行为治疗可能有助于改善精神分裂症的幻听症状,但需要进一步研究.     

Hyperperfusion in primary somatosensory region related to somatic hallucination in the elderly

Aim: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) of patients with delusional disorder, somatic type (DDST) exhibiting somatic hallucination. Methods: Five patients diagnosed with DDST, as well as 20 control subjects, were examined. All subjects underwent technetium‐99m ethyl cysteinate dimer brain perfusion single‐photon emission computed tomography. Statistical analysis was performed with SPM5, using a two‐sample t‐test model to test the regional population effect on rCBF. Results: Patients with DDST had a significant increase in perfusion in the left post‐central gyrus and the right paracentral lobule, both of which are involved in somatic sensory processing. Conclusion: Somatic hallucination might be associated with increased perfusion in the primary somatosensory regions.