鼻内窥镜下低温等离子射频系统腺样体消融术结合扁桃体消融切除术对儿童OSAHS治疗的观察

目的探讨分析鼻内窥镜下低温等离子射频系统腺样体消融术结合扁桃体消融切除术对OSAHS患儿治疗的临床疗效。方法选取2014年4月至2016年4月在本院进行治疗的60例OSAHS患儿,随机分成观察组、对照组,每组各30例。对照组给予传统扁桃体剥离术和腺样体刮除术,观察组给予鼻内镜下低温等离子射频消融术切除扁桃体、腺样体治疗。对比两组患者临床疗效、手术指标及术后随访情况。结果观察组患儿治疗总有效率明显比对照组高,组间差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);对照组患儿手术出血量明显比观察组多,观察组患儿手术时间、症状缓解时间和手术后疼痛时间明显比对照组短,组间差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患儿术后随访情况差异不具有统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论鼻内窥镜下低温等离子射频系统腺样体消融术结合扁桃体消融切除术对OSAHS患儿进行治疗,有较好的临床疗效,可以降低患者术中出血量,缩短手术时间,且患者术后恢复较快,因此,有较好的临床应用价值,值得推广。     

低温等离子双扁桃体加腺样体切除术治疗儿童OSAHS的疗效研究

目的研究全麻下低温等离子技术在儿童双扁桃体加腺样体切除术治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)中的运用效果。方法回顾性分析2018年4月至2019年12月在本院接受手术治疗的100例OSAHS患儿作为研究对象。按照手术方法将所有患儿分为研究组与对照组各50例。对照组给予传统手术治疗;研究组患者给予全麻下低温等离子切除术对双扁桃体加腺样体进行切除治疗。比较两组的手术时间、术中出血量、白膜脱落时间、术后24小时数字疼痛分级法(VAS)评分、治疗效果与术后并发症发生率。结果研究组患者的手术时间、白膜脱落时间明显短于对照组,术中出血量明显少于对照组,术后24小时数字疼痛分级法(VAS)明显低于对照组(P0.05)。研究组治疗总有效率明显高于对照组(P0.05)。两组患儿的术后并发症发生率相比(P0.05)。结论全麻下低温等离子技术在双扁桃体加腺样体切除术治疗儿童OSAHS中治疗效果显著,并发症少,值得推广应用。     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患儿扁桃体联合腺样体切除术的围术期处理

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)在小儿中发病率为1％～3％，目前公认的病因是扁桃体和，或腺样体肥大，首选的治疗方式是扁桃体和腺样体切除术，由于OSAHS患儿常存在多脏器损害和解剖的特殊性，麻醉风险和死亡率较高。本研究对35例OSAHS患儿扁桃体联合腺样体切除术围术期处理进行总结，现报道如下。     

低温等离子扁桃体消融切除术联合腺样体消融术治疗小儿鼾症疗效观察

目的分析低温等离子扁桃体消融切除术联合腺样体消融术治疗小儿鼾症的临床疗效。方法将70例鼾症患儿随机分为2组,各35例。对照组采用扁桃体去除及腺样体切除术,观察组采用低温等离子扁桃体消融切除术联合腺样体消融术,比较2组治疗有效率及手术前后睡眠状况。结果术前2组患儿的睡眠水平差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组手术时间、术中出血量及疼痛评分均低于对照组,治疗有效率高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。术后6个月,观察组QSQ评分高于对照组,ESS评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论低温等离子扁桃体消融切除术联合腺样体消融术治疗小儿鼾症,疗效显著,可有效改善患儿的呼吸道狭窄及堵塞,提高睡眠质量,有助于患儿的生长发育。     

扁桃体摘除联合鼻内窥镜下腺样体切除治疗小儿鼾症

目的观察扁桃体摘除联合鼻内窥镜下腺样体切除治疗小儿鼾症的疗效。方法将2011年3月～2013年3月于我院收治的112例鼾症患儿随机分作对照组56例与观察组56例。对照组采取扁桃体摘除结合腺样体刮除的常规术式,观察组采取扁桃体摘除结合鼻内窥镜下切除腺样体的术式。对比两组患儿的临床疗效、手术时间及住院时间。结果观察组患儿治疗总体效率及痊愈率均较对照高,且存在统计学差异（P〈0.05）。观察组患儿手术时间与住院时间较对照组短,且术中出血量比对照组少,均具有统计学差异（P〈0.05）。结论采取扁桃体摘除联合鼻内窥镜下腺样体切除术治疗儿童鼾症,效果明显,且可减少手术时间以及住院时间,值得予以推广应用。     

右美托咪定滴鼻对患儿扁桃体腺样体切除术后恢复的影响

目的通过儿童自我报告术后恢复问卷(self-reported post-operative recovery in children,PRiC)分析术前经鼻滴入右美托咪定1μg/kg对患儿扁桃体腺样体切除术后恢复的影响。方法纳入行扁桃体腺样体切除手术的患儿100例,男65例,女35例,年龄4～12岁,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,随机分为两组:右美托咪定组(D组)和生理盐水组(N组),每组50例,分别于术前30 min经鼻滴入右美托咪定1μg/kg或等体积生理盐水。于术后1、3、7 d晨采用PRiC对患儿术后恢复情况进行评估。评估内容包括扁桃体术后恢复相关的23个条目,包括日常生活活动(睡觉、进食、玩耍),身体症状(头痛、耳痛、胃痛、咽喉痛、恶心、大小便情况)和情绪方面(情绪低落、噩梦)的评估,得分越高,表示在相关项目中的状态越差。同时于术前、术后1、3 d晨检测患儿血常规。结果术后1、3、7 d D组经常及频繁出现咽喉疼痛的患儿明显少于N组(P0.05)。术后1 d D组经常及频繁出现情绪低落,睡眠、进食、玩耍、交谈、刷牙、此刻的感觉表现为不好及非常不好的患儿明显少于N组(P0.05)。术后1 d D组白细胞计数明显低于N组(P0.05)。结论对于行扁桃体腺样体切除术的患儿,通过儿童自我报告术后恢复问卷获取的数据结果显示,术前30 min右美托咪定1μg/kg滴鼻对术后恢复有促进作用。     

低温等离子消融切除术治疗儿童扁桃体、腺样体肥大的效果

目的探讨低温等离子消融切除术治疗儿童扁桃体、腺样体肥大的效果。方法将74例儿童扁桃体腺样体肥大患者随机分为2组,每组37例。观察组使用低温等离子消融切除扁桃体、腺样体,对照组实施扁桃体剥离术及腺样体刮除术。结果观察组手术时间、鼻腔恢复利通气时间短于对照组,术后并发症发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论低温等离子消融切除术治疗儿童扁桃体、腺样体肥大,创伤小、并发症发生率低、术后恢复快。     

扁桃体摘除联合鼻内镜腺样体切除术治疗小儿鼾症效果观察

目的探讨扁桃体摘除联合鼻内镜腺样体切除术治疗小儿鼾症的临床效果。方法将70例鼾症患儿根据手术方式分为2组,每组35例。对照组采用扁桃体摘除联合传统腺样体刮除术,治疗组实施扁桃体摘除联合鼻内镜腺样体切除术。结果 2组手术时间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗组术中出血量及住院时间少(短)于对照组,治疗总有效率高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论扁桃体摘除联合鼻内镜腺样体切除术治疗小儿鼾症,创伤小、术后康复快,治疗有效率高。     

小儿扁桃体及腺样体摘除术围术期护理体会

目的探讨小儿扁桃体及腺样体摘除术围术期的护理体会。方法对40例行扁桃体及腺样体摘除术患儿实施术前心理支持、术后并发症的预防与观察、疼痛干预、饮食指导等围术期综合护理措施。结果 40患儿均顺利度过麻醉和手术期,术后出现1例呼吸道感染,经对症处理后痊愈。未发生出血等其他并发症。住院时间(5.80±1.23)d。术后随访4~8周,鼻腔通气明显改善,睡眠打鼾和张口呼吸等症状均消失。结论对腺样体及扁桃体摘除术患儿,加强围术期综合护理,可降低并发症发生率,促进患儿术后早期恢复。     

帕瑞昔布钠和氟比洛芬酯用于小儿扁桃体和腺样体切除术的比较

目的观察帕瑞昔布钠和氟比洛芬酯在小儿扁桃体和腺样体切除手术术后的镇痛效果及副作用的发生情况。方法选择全麻下行扁桃体和腺样体摘除术的患儿60例,年龄5岁～8岁,按随机数字表法均分为3组（每组20例）：A组（帕瑞昔布钠组）、B组（氟比洛芬酯组）和c组（生理盐水对照组）。A组和B组于麻醉插管后手术开始前15min分别静脉注射帕瑞昔布钠1mg／kg和氟比洛芬酯1mg／kg,C组静脉注射生理盐水2ml。观察手术时间、拔管时间、苏醒期反应、恢复期疼痛评分、术中瑞芬太尼总量以及副作用。结果3组患儿手术时间、拔管时间和术中瑞芬太尼总量相比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;苏醒期躁动发生率：A组和B组患儿均为5％,C组为55％,A组和B组明显低于C组（P〈0．01）;术后各时间点的疼痛评分C组明显高于A组和B组（P〈0．01）;A组和B组均无恶心呕吐发生,C组恶心呕吐发生率为5％。结论帕瑞昔布钠和氟比洛芬酯用于小儿扁桃体和腺样体切除手术均可获得良好的镇痛效果,减少拔管期躁动的发生,且不延迟拔管时间。     

Presenteeism and Absenteeism Before and After Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty

BackgroundAbsenteeism is costly, yet evidence suggests that presenteeism—illness-related reduced productivity at work—is costlier. We quantified employed patients’ presenteeism and absenteeism before and after total joint arthroplasty (TJA).MethodsWe measured presenteeism (0-100 scale, 100 full performance) and absenteeism using the World Health Organization’s Health and Work Performance Questionnaire before and after TJA among a convenience sample of employed patients. We captured detailed information about employment and job characteristics and evaluated how and among whom presenteeism and absenteeism improved.ResultsIn total, 636 primary, unilateral TJA patients responded to an enrollment email, confirmed employment, and completed a preoperative survey (mean age: 62.1 years, 55.3% women). Full at-work performance was reported by 19.7%. Among 520 (81.8%) who responded to a 1-year follow-up, 473 (91.0%) were still employed, and 461 (88.7%) had resumed working. Among patients reporting at baseline and 1 year, average at-work performance improved from 80.7 to 89.4. A Wilcoxon signed-rank test indicated that postoperative performance was significantly higher than preoperative performance (P < .0001). The percentage of patients who reported full at-work performance increased from 20.9% to 36.8% (delta = 15.9%, 95% confidence interval = [10.0%, 21.9%], P < .0001). Presenteeism gains were concentrated among patients who reported declining work performance leading up to surgery. Average changes in absences were relatively small. Combined, the average monthly value lost by employers to presenteeism declined from 15.3% to 8.3% and to absenteeism from 16.9% to 15.5% (ie, mitigated loss of 8.4% of monthly value).ConclusionAmong employed patients before TJA, presenteeism and absenteeism were similarly costly. After, employed patients reported increased performance, concentrated among those with declining performance leading up to surgery.     

The German emergency and disaster medicine and management systemdhistory and present

As well for optimized emergency management in individual cases as for optimized mass medicine in disaster management, the principle of the medical doctors approaching the patient directly and timely, even close to the site of the incident, is a long-standing marker for quality of care and patient survival in Germany. Professional rescue and emergency forces, including medical services, are the “Golden Standard” of emergency management systems. Regulative laws, proper organization of resources, equipment, training and adequate delivery of medical measures are key factors in systematic approaches to manage emergencies and disasters alike and thus save lives. During disasters command, communication, coordination and cooperation are essential to cope with extreme situations, even more so in a globalized world. In this article, we describe the major historical milestones, the current state of the German system in emergency and disaster management and its integration into the broader European approach.     

Differences in Osteocyte Density and Bone Histomorphometry Between Men and Women and Between Healthy and Osteoporotic Subjects

Bone defects related to osteoporosis develop with increasing age and differ between males and females. It is currently thought that the bone remodeling process is supervised by osteocytes in a strain-dependent manner. We have shown an altered response of osteocytes from osteoporotic patients to mechanical loading, and osteocyte density is reduced in osteoporotic patients, which might relate to imperfect bone remodeling, leading to lack of bone mass and strength. Hence, information on osteocyte density will contribute to a better understanding of bone biology in males and females and to the assessment of osteoporosis. Osteocyte density as well as conventional histomorphometric parameters of trabecular bone were determined in cancellous iliac crest bone of healthy postmenopausal women and men and of osteoporotic women and men. Osteocyte density was higher in healthy females than in healthy males and lower in osteoporotic females than in healthy females. Bone mass was reduced in osteoporotic patients, both male and female. In females, trabecular number was reduced, whereas in males, trabecular thickness was reduced and eroded surface was increased. There were no correlations between the parameter groups bone architecture, bone formation, bone resorption, and osteocyte density. These results are consistent with impaired osteoblast function in osteoporotic patients and with a different mechanism of bone loss between men and women, in which osteocyte density might play a role. The reduced osteocyte numbers in female osteoporotic patients might relate to imperfect bone remodeling leading to lack of bone mass and strength. M. G. Mullender and S. D. Tan contributed equally to this work.     

肝内胆管囊腺瘤和囊腺癌的CT、MRI及病理表现

目的探讨肝内胆管囊腺瘤和囊腺癌的CT、MRI和病理特点。方法回顾性分析经手术病理证实的6例肝内胆管囊腺瘤和2例肝内胆管囊腺癌的影像及临床病理资料，将病变的影像表现与其病理大体形态及组织学表现作对照分析。结果6例肝内胆管囊腺瘤，女4例、男2例；2例肝内胆管囊腺癌均为女性病人；8例病人平均年龄55岁。所有病灶均表现为多房囊性肿块，肿瘤囊腔各分房内常为多种液体成分，在CT上可表现为不同密度、在MRI上可表现为不同信号强度。囊内出现多发大小不等的壁结节在胆管囊腺癌内更常见，囊内有分隔但无壁结节只见于胆管囊腺瘤。在7例CT扫描中，4例胆管囊腺瘤和1例胆管囊腺癌可见囊壁或分隔上钙化，囊壁、囊内分隔及囊内结节均为轻、中度延迟增强。肿瘤中出现卵巢样间质见于3例胆管囊腺瘤和1例胆管囊腺癌，且均为女性病人。结论肝内胆管囊腺瘤和囊腺癌是肝脏不常见的囊性肿瘤，影像上多房、囊内有分隔且各分房囊内密度或信号不一致，高度提示肝内胆管囊腺瘤或囊腺癌的诊断，如囊内伴有多发大小不等的结节，则进一步提示囊腺癌的可能。但影像学表现不能区分肿瘤中有无卵巢样间质。