Longevity following the experience of parental divorce

An archival prospective design was used to study mediating and moderating variables for the association between parental divorce and increased mortality risk, using a sub-group (n = 1183) of individuals from the US Terman Life Cycle Study covering the period 1921-2000. In childhood, both socioeconomic status (SES) and family psychosocial environment were related to parental divorce but did little to explain its effects. The higher mortality risk associated with experiencing parental divorce was ameliorated among individuals (especially men) who achieved a sense of personal satisfaction by mid-life. Behaviorally, smoking was the strongest mediator of the divorce-mortality link. This study extends previous work on the long-term effects of parental divorce and reveals some reasons why the stress of parental divorce in childhood need not necessarily lead to negative later-life outcomes.     

创建爱婴医院的一种管理模式

对综合性医院创建爱婴医院的管理模式进行了探讨。即改革产科制度,实行开放式管理、责任制护理,建立出院后的随访网络。     

Having a baby by cesarean: an experience for fathers

With the significant increase in the United States over the past decade of birth by Cesarean section, comes the need for attention to be paid to what this experience engenders for the fathers of these newborns. This paper outlines the sequence of feelings fathers experienced during the Cesarean birth of their infants, as they expressed them in a hospital based group led by a social worker and nurse. Understanding and sensitivity to this experience for fathers on the part of health care providers augments their capacity to make necessary, supportive and productive interventions with this parent group.     

The hospital inpatient stay: the experience of first-time parents

The experience of hospital inpatient stays at childbirth was studied in a longitudinal study of the experiences of 96 first-time parents during the transition to parenthood. For women, the prospect of birth was a major worry during pregnancy. Negative expectations proved in general to be justified by events, with many women reporting predominantly bad memories of the experience. Satisfaction with the hospital inpatient stay is also considered: a major source of dissatisfaction was inadequate help with breast feeding, which produced many difficulties. Middle class mothers were in general more dissatisfied with their hospital stay, as were women who had Caesarean births. Relationships were found between antenatal class attendances and the likelihood of a normal delivery and reported pain during childbirth. The role and experience of fathers was also considered. Most expected to be at the birth from an early stage in pregnancy; more than two-thirds were present for the delivery and half or more at the labour. Their experience at this time was more positive than that of their partners. But during the hospital stay, this role was much more marginal. The results are discussed in terms of their implications for antenatal preparation, breast feeding and paternal involvement.     

综合性医院创建爱婴医院的作法和体会

创建爱婴医院是全球性行动,是实现母乳喂养的重要条件。天津市第二医学院附属第一中心医院是国家首批爱婴医院,本文对他们在开展创建爱婴医院活动中的作法进行了论述.表明在一所综合性医院开展创建爱婴医院活动的难度要比专科性医院大得多,它需要领导的重视和各科室的密切配合。     

Return migration in the context of parental assistance in the AIDS epidemic: the Thai experience

Most persons with AIDS (PWAs) eventually require demanding caregiving. This can prompt changes in living arrangements during the course of the illness. Few studies have attempted to examine the potential links between AIDS and migration from this perspective. The present study uses both direct and indirect approaches to examine the extent of return migration of adults with AIDS in Thailand and explores how this is linked to residence with and care by older aged parents. Methodological challenges and various approaches to the study of this phenomenon are discussed. Despite differences in the nature of information available from our samples and in basic sample characteristics, the findings show a consistent pattern suggestive of extensive return migration among PWAs. The fact that most return migrants die within a few months of their return indicates that they are seeking parental caregiving during the final stages of the illness. The vast majority of PWAs who returned home after becoming ill did so because of their illness, particularly due to a need for care.     

父母反思功能在其童年期虐待经历与亲子关系间的中介作用

目的 探讨父母童年期虐待经历、父母反思功能和亲子关系的关系,为改善亲子关系提供理论依据.方法 2019年4-7月采用整群分层随机抽样的方法,使用儿童期虐待问卷(简版)、父母反思功能问卷、亲子关系量表对582名通州区3～6岁儿童的父母进行测查.结果 反思功能在父亲童年期虐待经历与亲子关系间不存在中介效应,模型拟合指数为x...     

Public reporting of hospital patient satisfaction: the Rhode Island experience

This article describes a collaborative process for legislatively mandated public reporting of health care performance in Rhode Island that began with hospital patient satisfaction. The goals of the report were both quality improvement and public accountability. Key features addressed include: the legislative context for public reporting; widespread participation of stakeholders; the structure for decision making; and the use of formative testing with cognitive interviews to get responses of consumers and others about the report readability and comprehensibility. This experience and the lessons learned can guide other States considering public reporting on health care performance.     

加强爱婴医院文化建设 促进母乳喂养

爱婴医院的文化氛围与爱婴医院的建立和发展密切相关。为搞好爱婴医院文化建设与管理,促进母乳喂养,本文对近几年发展起来的爱婴医院文化的构成、功能、特征和今后发展的标准进行了讨论。     

公立医院管理与考核的国际经验及启示

本文考察了英国、澳大利亚、美国和WHO在欧洲推荐的公立医院管理和考核评估制度的情况,从重视管理与考核在公立医院改革中不可替代的地位、建立集中统一的公立医院管理机构、正确处理"管医院"和"办医院"的关系、正确处理考核监督和医院自主权的关系、建立层层问责的责任体系、建立完善的考核机构、考核指标和考核制度等方面,讨论了各国公立医院管理与考核的经验和结论,并提出完善我国公立医院管理、特别是考核评估的政策建议,包括明确公立医院考核评估机构、建立完善的考核评估制度、在充分调研和征求意见的基础上,构造科学的公益性考核指标等。     

贯彻《患者安全目标》共建百姓放心医院

1背景20世纪90年代以来,患者安全问题成为一个全球性的公共卫生问题,受到世界各国的重视。哈佛的研究发现,4%的住院患者遭受某种不良事件的伤害,70%的不良事件导致暂时性失能,14%的异常事件导致死亡。英国卫生部在2000年统计,住院患者中不良事件发生率约10%,一年约发生不良事件85万件。在过去一年左右的时间内,出现了50万起医疗事故,其中2159名患者因此死亡,4529