双能量减影技术对气管、主支气管占位性病变的诊断价值

目的探讨数字化X线摄影(DR)中双能量减影技术对气管、主支气管占位性病变的临床诊断价值。资料与方法利用DR设备对12例经纤维支气管镜、CT或临床病理证实的气管、主支气管病变的患者进行双能量减影检查,每例患者均行传统X线平片对照。结果双能量减影技术对气管、主支气管病变的显示明显优于普通平片。结沦气管、主支气管病变由于受周围骨组织及软组织遮挡,临床普通平片初次检查时极易误漏诊,从而延误病情．DR中双能量减影技术可以有效地去除骨组织的影响,并通过多种DR后处理技术使病变更清晰显示,这项技术的应用有望提高普通放射学对气管、主支气管病变的显示,有利于临床进一步治疗。     

X线直接数字成像（DR）双能量减影在胸部摄片中的应用探讨

X线双能量减影成像技术是DR系统很重要的技术优势之一。本文采用GE公司Revolution XQ／1型DR机器，对100例患者摄取胸部后前位X线片，然后利用该型机器的计算机系统自动进行双能量减影成像处理。另外对其中一名患者分别用高能X线、中等量X线及低能X线摄取一组后前位胸片，进行双能量减影成像处理。所摄X线片评价，(1)提高肺软组织影检出率；(2)提高骨性胸廓的显示率。实践中，笔者认识到，X线双能量减影成像技术是一项不断发展和完善的技术，在计算机处理减影过程中，由于摄影条件和计算机设置参数的不同及部分病灶和组织问密度差异不够大等因素，所以易产生组织干扰伪影，影响诊断。本文选择1例经不同摄片条件实验后初步体会，适当减低KV值，反而能提高各像，尤其是骨组织像的显示效果。由此可见，只要不断提高数字平板探测器(DFP)的量化性能，进一步开发计算机X线摄片系统(DR)的软件功能、及时更新计算机辅助诊断系统(CAD)的诊断数据库，相信X线双能量减影成像这一新兴影像技术的临床应用前景必定更为宽广。     

DR双能量减影及临床应用

随着医学数字化技术的日趋成熟，DSA、CT、MRI、CR和DR等新技术不断进入临床，双能量减影技术从最初应用于DSA、CT，到CR和DDR，新一代DR的数字平板探测器的研制成功和双能量减影的软件技术不断开发，更加快了双能量减影在临床的应用。DR的双能量减影成为数字放射医学的重要技术，有着较广泛的临床应用。     

儿童腺样体肥大直接数字化摄影和螺旋CT扫描对比研究

目的:分析10例儿童腺样体肥大造成上气道狭窄直接数字化摄影和螺旋CT的表现特点,探索其诊断阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(obstructive sleepapnea hypopnea syndrom e,OSAHS)的临床应用价值。材料和方法:对10例经夜间多导睡眠图(PSG)监测并确诊的阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患儿,应用直接数字化摄影(DDR)鼻咽部侧位片和螺旋CT(SCT)扫描,测量上气道狭窄段的入口、出口及最狭窄部水平的截面积及相关的矢径和横径、肥大腺样体的厚度及长径,计算L/N比值,判断上气道阻塞情况。结果:(1)联合应用DDR和SCT影像可理想观察上气道狭窄的形态特征,准确测量各所需数据并判断上气道阻塞情况;(2)10例OSAHS患儿腺样体都明显病理性肥大,L/N比值为0.77~0.89,明显大于正常参考值0.65,狭窄段长15.0~42.0mm,最狭窄部在鼻咽区6例、在腭后区4例和后鼻孔闭塞3例。结论:腺样体肥大造成上气道狭窄可能是OSAHS患儿发病的主要原因。DDR结合SCT观察上气道简便、准确、全面,对儿童OSAHS临床综合诊断、病因研究及选择手术治疗具有实用价值。     

胸部双能量减影摄影对气胸的诊断价值

目的 探讨双能量减影摄片技术对气胸的诊断价值.方法 收集在本院行双能量胸部摄影,经CT检查证实为气胸的42例患者,由1位高年资放射科医师及1位高年资胸外科医生共同阅片,对其标准数字化摄影(DR)图像与双能量数字减影(DES)软组织图像进行分析,评价两者对气胸的显示情况.结果 对于大、中量气胸(13例,肺压缩≥20%),标准DR图像及DES软组织图像均能清楚显示(100%),但对于少量气胸(肺压缩＜20%),尤其肺压缩边缘与肋骨、锁骨、肩胛骨重叠者,DES软组织图像比标准DR图像检出率更高,对肺压缩边缘的显示更清晰,差异有统计学意义.结论 双能量减影摄片技术能提高气胸的诊断率,降低漏诊率,是对DR图像诊断气胸的有效补充.     

双能量减影骨组织像在肋骨骨折检查中的应用

目的探讨双DR能量减影骨组织像在肋骨骨折检查中的应用价值。方法搜集174例临床有外伤史并疑有肋骨骨折患者,其中男103例,女71例,年龄3～78岁。采用美国GE公司生产的双平板探测器DefiniumTM8000X线射线系统,摄取患者双能量减影胸部正位片,减影得到DR胸部标准像、软组织像、骨组织像三种图像。对标准像和骨组织像进行诊断分析和评价。结果 174例病例中,胸部标准像明确诊断肋骨骨折67例,占38.6%;骨组织像明确诊断肋骨骨折105例,占60.4%。结论双DR能量减影骨组织像较标准像更能清晰显示肋骨骨折情况,明显提高肋骨骨折的检出率。但需注意呼吸运动对图像质量的影响,尽量减少伪影的产生。     

DDR双能量减影普通胸片与骨组织像诊断肋骨骨折的价值

目的: 比较DDR系统双能量技术普通X线胸片与骨组织像对肋骨骨折的首诊检出率.材料和方法: 利用DDR系统的双能量减影技术对126例胸部创伤中高度怀疑伴发肋骨骨折的患者进行胸部X线平片检查.结果: 普通胸片对肋骨骨折的首诊总体检出率为94%,单根、多根及多根多发性肋骨骨折的检出率分别为91.7%、92.4%和80.8%.骨组织像对肋骨骨折的首诊总体检出率为98%,单根、多根及多根多发性肋骨骨折的检出率分别为100%、98.9%和96.1%.结论: DDR系统双能量减影X线成像技术的骨组织像明显提高肋骨骨折的诊断率(P<0.01),降低误诊率,尤其对无错位性肋骨骨折.     

双能量减影及其临床应用

21世纪是数字化、信息化、网络化和智能化的新世纪 ,随着科学技术的发展进步 ,放射医学技术也是一浪高过一浪 ,数字放射医学已进入实际应用中 ,DSA、CT、MRI、超声、CR(IDR)、DDR和DE等新技术不断进入临床应用。双能量减影 (dualenergysubtraction ,DE)为新兴的技术 ,在国外除新一代的DSA外 ,还应用于最新一代的CR技术、DDR技术及CT技术上。新一代的数字平板探测器的研制成功并应用于临床 ,更加快了双能量减影在临床的应用。而国内目前双能量减影的临床应用仍主要于DSA中。由于双能量减影对放射用球管电压的瞬间切换要求高 ,…     

DR双能量减影的肋骨成像与胸部成像的对比分析

目的：讨论双能量减影对肋骨病变的诊断价值。方法：收集200例患者做胸部数字化X线摄影（DR）双能量减影,对双能量减影后胸廊的肋骨像与胸部的肋骨像进行对比分析。结果：200例中肋骨钙化50例,肋骨破坏7例,肋骨骨折22例。胸廊肋骨及肋骨纹理均显示清晰,符合诊断要求。结论：胸部DR双能量减影对肋骨病变及膈下肋骨显示明显优于胸部肋骨像。     

儿童腺样体肥大的X线诊断分析(附120例报告)

目的探讨鼻咽部侧位CR片对儿童腺样体肥大的诊断价值。方法收集经临床及手术证实的儿童腺样体肥大120例,均摄取鼻咽部侧位CR片,测量顶后壁软组织厚度(A值)和鼻咽腔宽度(N值),并计算A/N比值。结果120例儿童腺样体肥大病例鼻咽部顶后壁软组织均不同程度增厚,为13.7~27.3 mm,均值达21.9 mm,并可见鼻咽腔不同程度受压变窄,A/N比值平均比率>0.70,达0.80。结论鼻咽部侧位CR片测量,是一种简便准确可行的儿童腺样体肥大的诊断方法。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）