现役飞行员明尼苏达多项个性测查表因子分析

目的 调查现役飞行员群体中明尼苏达多项个性测查表（ＭＭＰＩ）的因子结构,用于飞行员的心理素质测量。方法 测查ＭＰＩ的飞行员Ｔ分值,采用主成分分析法提取Ｐ、Ｎ、Ｉ、Ｍ、Ａ、Ｆ６个公因子进行方差极大旋转,得出因子负荷矩阵和因子结构状况。结果 现役飞行员群体中ＭＭＰＩ的６个因子提取分析,同样出现了Ｐ、Ｎ、Ｍ、Ｉ、Ａ、Ｆ因子,与国内外资料基本吻合,不同之处是Ｎ和Ｆ因子以负荷的形式出现在相应的量表上,仍有部分飞行员的因子分值超过正常标准。结论 本文首次提取现役飞行员的ＭＭＰＩ因子,用因子分析方法对飞行员的心理素质评估更安全方便,值得推广应用。     

儿童自动思维量表在小学生中的信度和效度

目的:检验儿童自动思维量表在中国小学生样本中的信度和效度。方法:通过方便取样,对深圳市某小学811名小学生进行测查,进行验证性因素分析考察中文版儿童自动思维量表(Children’s automatic thoughts scale,CATS)的结构效度。1个月后对其中129人重测。以儿童抑郁量表,儿童焦虑量表和长处与困难问卷为工具考察中文版CATS的校标效度。结果:验证性因素分析显示,问卷的结构效度拟合度良好(χ~2/df=3.3475,GFI=0.97,NFI=0.957,RMR=0.059),总量表内部一致性系数为0.924,各分量表内部一致性系数为0.781~0.824;重测信度系数为0.602,校标效度较好。结论:中文版CATS在中国小学生群体中具有良好的信度和效度,可用于评估小学生的负性自动思维水平。     

中国心理咨询与治疗专业人员枯竭量表的初步编制

目的：编制中国心理咨询与治疗专业人员枯竭量表。方法：结合国外相关量表和访谈结果筛选原始项目扫成量表，施钡5135名专业人员通过探索性因素分析确定量表结构，检验量表的信度、效度指标。结果：中国心理咨询与治疗专业人员枯竭量表包括情绪压力、成就感降低、身心疲惫和机构支持感降低四个维度，32个项目均具有鉴别度，量表内部一致性系数为0．88，分半信度为0．86，间隔三周重测信度为0．898（P〈0．01），与MBI枯竭量表效度检验为0.971（P〈0．01）。结论：中国心理咨询与治疗专业人员枯竭量表适用于测查中国专业人员枯竭水平。     

早期父子关系量表中文版的信效度检验

目的：考察父子关系量表中文版的信度和效度。方法：对400名幼儿的父亲进行了父子关系量表的测查，并间隔一个月进行重测，还对106名幼儿进行了9个月的追踪测查。结果：验证性因素分析显示数据与测量模型的拟合程度较好；以儿童行为问题和社会能力为效标的效标关联效度检验表明，总量表及亲密性、冲突性维度与儿童当时及9个月后的行为问题、社会能力均普遍存在显著相关；信度检验也发现，总量表的克伦巴赫α系数为0．71，重测信度系数为0．68（P〈0．001）。结论：本研究修订的父子关系量表总量表具有较好的信、效度。     

艾森克个性问卷理论结构的因素分析

目的：验证艾森克个性问卷(EPO)龚氏修订本的结构效度。方法：用探索性和验证性因素分析法分析1192名成人的EPQ测试结果。结果：探索性因素分析显示：特征根大于1的因子有33个，解释62．37％的总变异，特征根大于2的因子有4个，解释23．665％的总变异，75个条目负荷的维度与原量表一致，8个条目在其它分量表负荷高于原分量表，5个条目完全负荷于其它分量表；验证性因素分析显示，四因素模型(PENL模型)的各项参数达到可以接受的水平。结论：EPO龚氏修订本与原量表一样符合PENL模型．具有较好的结构效度。     

MMPI中美T分对神经症与正常人区分效度的对照研究

采用明尼苏达多相个性调查表 (MMPI) 中国版399题,对102例神经症与100例正常人进行测查,比较中国 T 分(不加 K)与美国 T 分(加 K)两种标准下 MMPI 的量表区分度。结果发现,采用中国 T 分后神经症组呈现较为典型的1.2.3.7型剖面图,从整体上更能反映神经症性个性偏移的特征。同时,2量表 (D) 特异性有所提高。但另一方面又发现,2、7量表以及含有这两个量表的两点或两点以上编码模式敏感性下降。上述结果在一效度检验组中得到证实。     

社会能力评定量表的编制及信效度检验

目的：编制社会能力评定量表并检测其信度和效度。方法：在全国五大行政区用社会能力评定量表评估1605例正常人(男性814名，女性791名)，分析量表的信效度。结果：全量表的Cronbach's α系数为0．88-0．92，三个分量表的d系数为0．81～0．88；量表的分半信度为0．76～0．87，量表的重测信度为0．67～0．86，量表评分者信度为0．91～0．97，表明量表具有较好的内部一致性和稳定性；各条目与总分的相关系数0．49-0．80，分量表与总分的相关系数为0．76～0.89，通过因子分析，证实了量表的结构效度；全量表总分和职业能力得分与被试单位提供的实际社会能力评分呈高度相关，与韦氏智商呈中低度相关。结论：量表编制符合心理测量学要求，具有良好的信度和效度。     

中学生牛津幸福感问卷的信效度检验

目的：检验中学生牛津幸福感问卷在修改后的信度、效度。方法：对深圳11所中学的1404名中学生进行该幸福感问卷测查。结果：项目分析显示，量表中的20个项目均符合心理测量学要求，高、低分组被试在所有题目上的得分差异都达到显著性水平（t=14．96-30．94，均P〈0．01）；量表的内部一致性信度α系数为0．897，分半信度系数为0．827；量表有较好的区分效度，学习成绩较好的学生具有较高的幸福感。探索性因素分析揭示了单维的量表结构。结论：中学生牛津幸福感量表具有较好的信、效度，可作为我国中学生幸福感研究的有效工具。     

师幼关系量表的信效度检验

目的:考察师幼关系量表中文版的信度和效度。方法:对442名幼儿的教师进行了师幼关系量表的测查。结果:验证性因素分析显示量表具有较好的结构效度;效标关联效度检验表明,总量表及各维度与儿童当时及9个月后的行为问题普遍存在显著关联;信度检验也发现,总量表及各维度的克伦巴赫α系数在0.67～0.83之间,重测信度系数在0.46～0.81之间(P0.01)。结论:本研究修订的师幼关系量表具有较好的信、效度。     

儿少心理问题筛查表的编制和信效度分析

目的：编制一个用于儿童和青少年的心理问题筛查表，检验其信度和效度。方法：用新编的心理问题筛查表测查全国12个省（市）9278名儿童或他们的父母和143名临床样本，间隔5周的重测样本87人，父母和儿童报告一致性检验样本56人，效标效度样本65人。用相关分析和因素分析考查量表的信度和效度。结果：新编筛查表具有较好的信度（重测信度为0．761、Crobacha系数为0．949、分半信度为0．868、评定者信度为0．799）；正常儿童在筛查表上的得分显著高于临床样本的得分；新编筛查表总分和分量表与儿童行为量表总分和类似分量表有显著的相关：探索性因素分析和验证性斟素分析与量表编制者的理论构想一致。结论：儿少心理健康量表具有较好的信度和效度．可以用于儿童和青少年的心理问题的筛查．     

明尼苏达多项人格问卷（MMPI）效度指标对军事飞行员心理评估的临床价值

目的通过分析飞行员MMPI效度指标的分值，为甄别临床心理评估结果的有效性提供依据。方法采用症状自评量表（SCL～90）和MMPI对疾病飞行员和体检飞行员进行心理测评。结果①MMPI中L、K值、F—K值疾病组低于体检组（P〈0．01），而F值疾病组高于体检组（P〈0．01）；②疾病组在L、K值，F～K值高得分率低于体检组。有统计学显著性（P〈0．05），而F值高得分率高于体验组，有统计学显著性（P〈0．01）；③L、K值与SCL-90中各项因子和MMPI绝大多数临床量表存在负相关关系，F值与之存在正相关关系。结论警惕军事飞行员自评的有效性，可以考虑应用MMPI的效度指标。     

Significance of time awake for predicting pilots' fatigue on short‐haul flights: implications for flight duty time regulations

European regulations restrict the duration of the maximum daily flight duty period for pilots as a function of the duty start time and the number of scheduled flights. However, late duty end times that may include long times awake are not specifically regulated. In this study, fatigue levels in pilots finishing their duty late at night (00:00–01:59 hour) were analysed and compared with pilots starting their duty early (05:00–06:59 hour). Fatigue levels of 40 commercial short‐haul pilots were studied during a total of 188 flight duty periods, of which 87 started early and 22 finished late. Pilots used a small handheld computer to maintain a duty and sleep log, and to indicate fatigue levels immediately after each flight. Sleep logs were checked with actigraphy. Pilots on late‐finishing flight duty periods were more fatigued at the end of their duty than pilots on early‐starting flight duty periods, despite the fact that preceding sleep duration was longer by 1.1 h. Linear mixed‐model regression identified time awake as a preeminent factor predicting fatigue. Workload had a minor effect. Pilots on late‐finishing flight duty periods were awake longer by an average of 5.5 h (6.6 versus 1.1 h) before commencing their duty than pilots who started early in the morning. Late‐finishing flights were associated with long times awake at a time when the circadian system stops promoting alertness, and an increased, previously underestimated fatigue risk. Based on these findings, flight duty limitations should consider not only duty start time, but also the time of the final landing.     

Standardization of the Whitaker Index of Schizophrenic Thinking (WIST) in a Mexican population: a multivariable study

This study reports a study of Spanish translation of Form A of the Whitaker Index of Schizophrenic Thinking (WIST) administered to 104 Mexican subjects: 40 schizophrenic (20 acute and 20 chronic) and 64 nonschizophrenic (10 nonschizophrenic hospitalized, 10 alcoholics, and 44 normals). A multiple regression analysis was carried out in order to evaluate the existing relation between each of the MMPI and WIST forms. The results suggest that this translation effectively discriminates between schizophrenics and nonschizophrenics on the WIST Total Score, Time, and Index. A cut-off of 23 on the WIST Index correctly identified 79% of the total subjects. The WIST, as well as the MMPI, separately detects in a reliable way schizophrenic subjects, but the correlation between the Index of the WIST and the MMPI 8 or schizophrenia scale by itself is not significant.     

飞行员人格特征、心理健康状况与听觉P_(300)

目的研究飞行员及神经衰弱患者人格特征、心理健康状况及事件相关电位特点，为飞行员的选拔、心理保健、神经衰弱的预防提供依据。方法运用１６ＰＦ及ＭＭＰＩ测试量表进行个性及心理健康状态测试，用诱发电位仪描记听觉事件相关电位。结果飞行员个性因素中聪慧性（Ｂ）、恃强性（Ｅ）、兴奋性（Ｆ）、敢为性（Ｈ）均显著高于普通人；飞行员癔病（Ｈｓ）、疑病（Ｈｙ）分增高；神经衰弱患者人群的个性特征中稳定性（Ｃ）、自律性（Ｑ１）、有恒性（Ｇ）三种个性特征的分数低于常模，而忧虑性（Ｏ）、紧张性（Ｑ４）分数高于常模。与普通人比较，飞行员的Ｐ３（Ｐ３００）波幅最高，潜伏期最短，神经衰弱者则相反。结论神经衰弱者大脑皮质功能受抑制，其发生个性基础；可将人格及事件相关电位测试列为飞行员选拔及神经衰弱诊断的辅助依据，优先选拔个性特征好、Ｐ３波幅高而潜伏期短者；飞行员有心理调适障碍的倾向，应引起重视。     

MMPI personality disorder scales and the MCMI: concurrent validity

A set of DSM-III personality disorder scales recently were developed for the MMPI. The purpose of the present investigation was to provide data on the concurrent validity of these scales. Scores from both the overlapping and nonoverlapping MMPI personality disorder scales were compared against the criterion of the personality disorder scales of the MCMI in 47 psychiatric patients. In general, the MMPI personality scales correlated significantly with the corresponding MCMI scales. However, the antisocial (ANT), compulsive (CPS), and paranoid (PAR) scales of the MMPI failed to achieve adequate concurrent validity. For the ANT scale, this probably reflects conceptual differences between the Millon (1981) typology that underlies the MCMI and the DSM-III. The PAR scale appears to show some bias toward the assessment of paranoid and suspicious ideation, rather than paranoid personality characteristics.     

Chronicity of criminal behavior and psychopathology in male exhibitionists

Conducted this study to resolve inconsistencies in the literature with regard to the personality characteristics of male exhibitionists. Both exhibitionistic and non-exhibitionistic criminal offenses as they relate to severity of psychopathology as measured by the MMPI in 84 exhibitionists were studied. An increase in psychopathology was not found to be associated with an increase in chronicity of exhibitionistic activity in exhibitionists. When exhibitionists who had been involved in other forms of illegal activity were considered alone, positive correlations were found between elevations on MMPI Psychopathic Deviate (PD) and Hypomania (MA) scales and an increase in both non-exhibitionistic criminal behavior and total criminal involvement.     

An evaluation of three short forms extracted from the group form MMPI responses of incarcerated offenders

This study examined whether Faschingbauer's 166-item MMPI, Hugo's 173-item MMPI, or the 168-item MMPI of Overall and Gomez-Mont can be used to generate accurate MMPI profiles for code-type interpretation in penal settings. An examination of occasions on which the short form and the full MMPI produced corresponding high clinical scales showed low to modest agreement that ranged from 37% to 82% for the three short forms on three different correspondence rules. These data show that the short forms studied should not be used as a basis for code-type interpretation within populations of offenders similar to the population studied. When viewed in conjunction with other recent data, the present results also suggest that in general, MMPI short forms may be of questionable utility for some clinical work.     

Mexican Americans' performance on the MMPI as a function of level of acculturation

Previous researchers have concluded that differences in MMPI performance between Anglo and Mexican American surnamed subjects were due to cultural differences. The present research directly investigated this assumption by comparing MMPI scale score differences of 365 Anglo and Mexican American college students, with Acculturation, Age, and Socioeconomic status statistically controlled. Anglos scored significantly differently from Mexican American subjects on 10 of the 13 MMPI scales. With Acculturation and Age statistically controlled, however, Anglo vs. Mexican American subjects differed on only the L and MF scales. These results support previous conclusions that most MMPI differences between Anglo and Mexican American subjects are due to culture, or Acculturation. Our results are consistent with major findings within the MMPI literature and also support the hypothesis that personality differences identified by the L and MF scales reflect genuine characteristics of the Mexican-American culture.     

Conversion equations for two modified MMPI short forms

Extracted the MMPI-168 and Faschingbauer Abbreviated MMPI (FAM), along with the K scale items normally excluded from those MMPI short forms, from the full MMPIs of about 535 psychiatric inpatients. Those scales augmented by K items were used to estimate full MMPI scores via regression and substitution equations. The equations were cross-validated on samples of about 545 from the same population. Shrinkage was minimal and cross-validation estimates compared favorably with derivation estimates from other short-form studies.