小儿肺炎支原体感染所致的传染性单核细胞增多综合征11例临床分析

目的了解小儿肺炎支原体感染引起传染性单核细胞增多综合征(传单综合征)的临床特征,及时做出诊断和对症治疗, 防止误诊。方法对可疑传单综合征的11例患儿采用ELISA方法检测患儿血清肺炎支原体抗体(MP-IgM)、EB病毒(EBV)、巨细胞包涵体病毒(CMV)、柯萨奇病毒(CVB)、腺病毒(ADV)的特异性抗体(IgM),乙肝病毒表面抗原,嗜异凝集试验。结果 10例MP-IgM呈≥1:80,为阳性,1例在上级医院确诊CMV合并MP感染,均应用红霉素治疗14-25d痊愈。结论MP感染可致传单综合征,临床症状复杂,引起多脏器多系统损害,若及时诊断,应用红霉素治疗预后较好。     

肺炎支原体与EB病毒混合感染后肺炎的临床及实验室特征

目的探讨肺炎支原体(MP)合并EB病毒(EBV)混合感染后肺炎的临床及实验室特征。方法选取2013年5月—2014年4月期间因肺炎住院治疗且病原学检测MP及EBV均阳性的122例患儿作为混合感染组,并将同期入院的45例单纯MP肺炎患儿作为对照组。收集所有患儿的临床和实验室检查资料进行分析。结果 MP及EBV混合感染检出率为5.51%(122/2 213)。随着年龄增大,混合感染检出率逐渐升高(χ2=84.08,P0.001)。大叶性肺炎患儿混合感染检出率明显高于支气管肺炎患儿(χ2=37.44,P0.001)。MP合并高考贝数EBV感染组(高混组)、低混组与对照组三组间比较,高混组ALT及CK-MB升高,大叶性实变发生率高,发热时间及住院时间较长(P均0.05)。高混组ALT、CK-MB升高发生率,发热时间及住院时间高于低混组(P均0.05)。结论 MP及EBV混合感染可加重肺内外损伤,EBV拷贝数高低是影响MP混合EBV感染后肺炎肺内外损伤程度的重要原因。当MPP患儿临床症状较重、肺外损伤明显时,必要的EBV检测,特别是定量检测可有利于临床正确的诊断及合适的治疗。     

外周血异型淋巴细胞增高患儿病原学和细胞免疫变化的探讨

目的　探讨儿童异型淋巴细胞 (异淋 )增多的原因和免疫学特点。方法　对 75例外周血涂片异淋 >0 10的患儿 ,应用ELISA方法检测柯萨奇病毒 (CVB)抗原及IgM抗体、EB病毒 (EBV)IgM抗体、巨细胞病毒(CMV)IgM抗体、腺病毒 (AdV)IgM抗体、乙肝病毒表面抗原、肺炎支原体 (MP)IgM抗体及采用咽试子分泌物PCR法检测DNA ;同时用流式细胞仪检测外周血T细胞亚群。结果　 74例 (96 6 % )被检出有病毒或支原体感染 ;CD3+T细胞和CD8+T细胞比例明显增高 ,CD4 +T细胞和CD4 +/CD8+细胞比例明显降低 ,与对照组相比差异有非常显著性意义 (P <0 0 1) ,而传染性单核细胞增多症与传染性单核细胞增多综合征之间差异无显著意义 (P >0 0 5 )。结论　EBV、CVB、CMV、AdV和MP感染均可引起外周血异淋升高 ,其中以EBV最为明显 ;一旦外周血中出现大量异淋 ,则提示机体内存在免疫功能紊乱。     

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目的探讨传染型单核细胞增多症(传单)、类传单和EB病毒(EBV)感染病例的临床特点。方法对重庆医科大学附属儿童医院2003—2004年收治的602例传单、类传单和EBV感染患儿的相关资料进行回顾性分析。结果传单组的临床表现较EBV感染组典型,淋巴结肿大和眼睑水肿的发生率显著高于类传单组,传单组眼睑水肿的发生率(62.7%)已接近常见的典型表现出现的比率;类传单组病例微小病毒(HPVB19)的感染率为54.8%,显著高于传单组;3组病例肝功能改变都以酶学改变为主,其中LDH改变最为明显;血液系统并发症表现为贫血、粒细胞减少和血小板减少,各组发生率没有统计学差异;类传单组病例肺炎发生率显著高于传单组;EBV感染组出现传单组没有的ITP病例和脑炎病例。结论眼睑水肿对传单有着与其它典型表现同样重要的诊断意义;HPVB19是类传单的一个重要病原;EBV感染后部分病例发展为传单,部分病例仍以EBV感染状态存在,可能存在异常的免疫反应。     

儿童传染性单核细胞增多症332例临床分析

目的　分析儿童传染性单核细胞增多症 (简称传单 )的临床特点。方法　回顾性分析四川大学华西第二医院儿科 2 0 0 0年 1月至 2 0 0 2年 9月诊治的儿童传单 332例临床资料。结果　传单临床表现多样 ,除发热、咽峡炎、颈淋巴结肿大常见外 ,肝肿大 (76 4 % )、双眼睑水肿 (2 0 5 5 % )、皮疹 (13 80 % ) ;传单肝功变化以酶学改变为主 ,其中以乳酸脱氨酶升高最常见 ;各年龄组传单患儿外周血变异淋巴细胞 (简称异淋 )均明显高于骨髓异淋 (P<0 0 0 1) ,年龄组间差异无显著性 ;早期检测EBV IgM总体阳性率为 5 3 5 7% ,各年龄组间差异无显著性 ;6例重症传单 (死亡 3例 )共同特点为起病急、进展快、临床有严重肝功能及多器官损害 ,其中 2例并发噬血细胞综合征。结论　传单是全身性疾病 ,临床表现多样 ,绝大多数患儿预后良好 ,但重症可致死 ;对于起病急、进展快、肝功损害重、多系统损害者 ,应注意EBV相关性噬血细胞综合征的可能。     

肺炎支原体感染所致传染性单核细胞增多综合征患儿临床特征

<正>近年来,儿童肺炎支原体(MP)感染呈逐年上升趋势,其中MP感染所致的传染性单核细胞增多综合征(简称类传单)[1]国内外已陆续见诸报道[2-3],因其临床表现和实验室检查均与EB病毒(EBV)感染所致的传染性单核细胞增多症(简称传单)类似,早期鉴别诊断     

急性下呼吸道感染病原学分析

目的　探讨近期本地区引起小儿下呼吸道感染的病原学变化。方法　应用ELISA法检测住院患儿急性期血清EB病毒 (EBV)、呼吸道合胞病毒 (RSV)、柯萨奇病毒 (CBV)、流感病毒 (IV)及肺炎支原体 (MP)特异性抗体IgM。结果　 934例疑似感染者中检出 5种抗体均阳性 4 5 8例 ,下呼吸道感染 2 6 7例 ,其中气管炎、支气管炎 14 1例 ,支气管肺炎 12 6例 ;单一病原感染占 72 .7% ,两种病原混合感染占 2 4 .3% ,三种病原混合感染占3.0 % ;MP感染者居首位 ,余依次分别为EBV、RSV、IV、CBV。结论　引起下呼吸道感染的病原学复杂 ,其分布特点及流行季节各异。对混合感染者及早明确致病病原体 ,有利于及时采取相应治疗措施 ,提高疗效     

肺炎支原体感染并发传染性单核细胞增多症6例临床分析

目的　探讨小儿肺炎支原体 (MP)感染并发传染性单核细胞增多症 (传单 )的临床特征。方法　对ELISA方法检测MP IgM均≥ 1∶80和痰MP培养阳性 ,且EB病毒检测病毒衣壳抗原 (VCA IgM、VCA IgG、VCA IgA)、早期抗原 (EA IgA)均为阴性 ,并除外CMV感染可能 ,而诊断为MP感染并发传单的 6例患儿进行回顾性临床分析。结果　 6例均有发热、淋巴结肿大、咽峡炎 ,肝脾肿大 5例 ,鼻塞 3例 ,血尿 1例 ,皮疹 1例 ,肺部有改变 6例。全部病例仅经红霉素治疗 14～ 2 1天痊愈。结论　MP感染可并发传单 ,其临床特征主要表现为不规则的中、低热 ,均有咽峡炎和淋巴结肿大 ,肝脾肿大及肝功能异常亦多见 ,使用红霉素规则治疗预后良好。     

婴儿急性下呼吸道感染与呼吸道合胞病毒、巨细胞病毒、肺炎支原体的关系

目的　探讨呼吸道合胞病毒 (RSV)、巨细胞病毒 (CMV)、肺炎支原体 (MP)的病原学特点及其与婴儿急性下呼吸道感染 (ALRI)的关系。方法　采用固相酶联免疫吸附法对ALRI婴儿联合进行血清RSV IgM抗体、CMV IgM抗体、MP IgM抗体进行定性检测。 结果　检测ALRI患儿 189例 ,单一病毒抗体阳性 10 6例(5 6 .0 9% ) ,RSV IgM抗体 5 7例 (30 .16 % )、CM IgM抗体 33例 (17.14 % )、MP IgM抗体 16例 (8.4 7% ) ,两种病原体混合感染 19例。RSV感染发生喘息 4 0例 (5 1.2 8% ) ,明显高于无喘息 (15 .32 % ) (P <0 .0 1)。CMV感染 2 8例喘息发生率显著高于无喘息 (P <0 .0 1)。两组MP感染率 (4.6 0 %和 11.76 % )差异无统计学意义。CMV感染中 5 7.5 8%肝功异常 ,胸片 5 4 .5 5 %呈间质性改变。结论　婴儿ALRI中RSV是其主要病原 ,易致喘息 ,CMV感染是小婴儿ALRI发生喘息的重要原因 ,常伴肝脏损害 ,MP感染率较低     

荧光定量PCR检测传染性单核细胞增多症EB病毒的评价

目的 研究荧光定量PCR检测传染性单核细胞增多症(以下简称传单)EB病毒(EBV)DNA量的意义,了解EBV DNA拷贝量与病情程度的相关性.方法 采用荧光定量PCR检测2004年6月至2006年6月在湖南省人民医院儿科住院的68例传单患儿外周血单个核细胞(PBMCs)EBV DNA量,根据病情将患儿分为单器官系统组和多器官系统组,比较两组EBV DNA量.结果 (1)传单患儿EBV DNA阳性率为86.8%,拷贝量均值为13200拷贝/mL.(2)EBV DNA量在单器官系统组和多系统组差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).传单患儿器官损害越多,EBV DNA拷贝量越高.结论 PBMCs荧光定量PCR检测EBV DNA量是有助传单诊断、治疗的较好手段.监测EBV DNA量对及早评估病情、及早治疗有一定指导意叉.     

Mononucleosis syndrome and coincidental human herpesvirus-7 and Epstein-Barr virus infection

Two girls (a 5 year old and a 21 month old) experiencing mononucleosis syndrome with coincidental human herpesvirus (HHV)-7 and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infections are described. One patient had primary HHV-7 infection and reactivated EBV infection. The other had primary HHV-7 and EBV infections. These cases indicated that HHV-7 is capable of inducing infectious mononucleosis-like illness. Multiple herpesvirus infection in one of the patients also suggests that interaction among herpesviruses can occur in vivo. The consequence of this interaction may have clinical implications.     

慢性活动性EB病毒感染的诊断标准和治疗

慢性活动EB病毒(CAEBV)感染是一种少见的发生在有免疫能力个体的严重综合征,主要表现为EBV感染后出现慢性或复发性传单样症状伴随EBV抗体的异体改变,病程中可出现严重的或致死的并发症。目前国内尚无CAEBV的诊断标准。参照国外最新研究进展,本文就其发病机制、诊治方案做一介绍,以提高临床对CAEBV的诊治水平。     

儿童慢性活动性EB病毒感染临床及实验室检查特征

目的 研究慢性活动性EB 病毒感染(CAEBV)患儿的临床及外周血淋巴细胞亚群等实验室检查特征,为CAEBV 的诊治提供依据.方法 分析13 例CAEBV 患儿的临床资料,包括患儿的临床表现、病毒学检测及淋巴细胞亚群测定结果,并与15 例急性EB 病毒感染(AEBV)病例作对照研究.结果 两组患儿临床表现类似,主要为发热、肝脾肿大、淋巴结肿大等传染性单核细胞增多症(IM)样症状,区别在于CAEBV 患儿病程较长,上述症状持续或反复出现.CAEBV 组患儿外周血EBV-DNA 载量明显高于AEBV 组(P<0.05).CAEBV 组VCA-IgG 明显高于AEBV 组(P<0.05).CAEBV 组外周血白细胞计数、淋巴细胞计数、B 细胞计数、总T 细胞计数、CD4+ T 细胞计数和CD8+ T 细胞计数均低于AEBV 组(P<0.05).随访13 例CAEBV 患儿,8 例死亡,2 例好转,2 例病情仍有反复,1 例转院后失访.15 例AEBV 患儿均治愈,随访1 年无病情反复.结论 CAEBV患儿临床表现多样,早期较难与AEBV 鉴别,预后差,病死率高.外周血EBV-DNA 载量、VCA-IgG 及淋巴细胞亚群的测定对CAEBV 诊断具有一定帮助.     

Mononucleosis syndrome and coincidental human herpesvirus-7 and Epstein-Barr virus infection

Two girls (a 5 year old and a 21 month old) experiencing mononucleosis syndrome with coincidental human herpesvirus (HHV)-7 and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infections are described. One patient had primary HHV-7 infection and reactivated EBV infection. The other had primary HHV-7 and EBV infections. These cases indicated that HHV-7 is capable of inducing infectious mononucleosis-like illness. Multiple herpesvirus infection in one of the patients also suggests that interaction among herpesviruses can occur in vivo. The consequence of this interaction may have clinical implications.

     

Infectious Mononucleosis and Mononucelosis-like Illnesses in Children and Adults in Saudi Arabia

The diagnosis of heterophil antibody positive, heterophil negative infectious mononucleosis and mononucleosis-like illnesses as made in 58 children and adult patients with clinical features suggestive of the mononucleosis syndrome and significant number of atypical lymphocytes. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) specific serological tests revealed that six children and 23 adults had primary heterophil positive EBV infections based on the detection of IgM to EB-viral capsid antigens (IgM-VCA), presence of IgG to DB-early antigens (EA-D) and absence of antibodies to EB-nuclear antigen (EBNA). A further nine cases (five children, four in adults) of heterophil negative EBV infectious mononucleosis were likewise detected by EBV-specific serologic tests. Fourteen cases including one in children were due to active cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections as evident by positive CMV-IgM; they were all heterophil negative. Of the remaining heterophil negative cases, one was due to T. gondii with positive Toxo-IgM and five cases were of undetermined aetiology.     

Post-transplant multiple myeloma in a pediatric renal transplant patient

Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) is a well-recognized complication of the intense immunosuppression required in solid organ and bone marrow transplant recipients. The clinical presentation is varied and can range from a benign infectious mononucleosis-like syndrome to malignant lymphoma. PTLD manifesting as multiple myeloma occurs rarely. We report the unique occurrence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated post-transplant multiple myeloma in a 16-year-old male. In contrast to previously described cases of PTLD-myeloma type, this patient was very young, had a clear association with EBV, and an indolent clinical course.     

儿童EB病毒感染首发症状及相关疾病谱分析

目的 详细了解儿童EBV感染的首发症状及疾病诊断情况,以提高临床诊断水平,并探讨EBV感染临床多样性的机制。方法 对本院经酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定EBV-VCA-IgM阳性的190例EBV感染患儿的首发症状、疾病诊断及预后进行前瞻回顾性分析。结果 EBV感染患儿起病症状不一,首发症状中以发热多见(66．8％),其他依次为咳嗽(14．2％)、皮疹(7．9％)、淋巴结肿大(5．3％)、眼睑浮肿(3．2％)、咽痛(1．6％)、惊厥(1．6％)、肉眼血尿(0．5％)等。可累及全身各个系统,引起疾病多样,但以呼吸道感染最多见(4|D．5％),其次为传染性单核细胞增多症(17．9％)、川崎病(6．3％)、特发性血小板减少性紫癜(11‘P)(5．8％)、病毒性心肌炎(2．6％)、病毒性脑炎(2．6％)、噬血细胞综合征(1．6％)、类风湿性关节炎(1．0％)、急性淋巴结炎(1．0％)、面神经炎(1．0％)、Evans综合征(0．5％)、系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)(0．5％),亚急性坏死性淋巴结炎(0．5％)等。EBV感染预后不一,1例病人因患噬血细胞综合征而死亡。结论 儿童EBV感染症状多样,累及系统多,临床医生应该综合分析,及早作相应的检查才能作出正确诊断及减少误诊率,并进行合理治疗。     

慢性活动性EB病毒感染

慢性活动性EB病毒(EBV)感染主要表现为慢性或复发性传染性单核细胞增生症样症状,包括持续或间断发热、肝肿大、脾肿大、肝功能异常、血小板减少症、蚊虫叮咬过敏、皮疹等;表现有外周血高EBV载量和(或)异常的EBV相关抗体.该病临床少见但病死率极高,发病机制目前尚不清楚,新的诊断指南正在研究提出.传统的抗病毒治疗效果有限,新的治疗措施包括免疫抑制剂、免疫调节治疗、免疫细胞治疗等.     

Acute thrombocytopenic purpura associated with primary Epstein-Barr virus infection

Acute idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) often appears to be related to the sensitization by some viral infections. However, the causative viral agents are not identified in most cases. Although the primary infection with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) occurs during early childhood in Japan, the majority of cases are usually asymptomatic. A minority are associated with acute infectious mononucleosis (IM), which is characterized by fever, tonsillitis, lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly and liver dysfunction. In this report, three cases are described of children with EBV-induced ITP who clinically had atypical findings of IM. Their primary EBV infections were confirmed by serological test and, in addition, were verified by the enhanced expression of activation antigens (HLA-DR and CD45RO) on T cells as well as the inverted ratio of CD4⁺ to CD8⁺ subsets. These observations imply that ITP can occur as one of the host responses during primary EBV infections, irrespective of clinical manifestations. Evaluation of lymphocyte subpopulations may be useful for the assessment of primary EBV infection in ITP.     

Serial detection of Epstein-Barr virus DNA in sera and peripheral blood leukocyte samples of pediatric renal allograft recipients with persistent mononucleosis-like symptoms defines patients at risk to develop post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease

We tested blood samples of 25 pediatric renal transplant recipients for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA load by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Eleven of these transplant recipients showed clinical persistent mononucleosis-like symptoms years after transplantation (Tx). A quantitation of EBV DNA by PCR in peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) and serum samples revealed variable EBV DNA titers. The majority of EBV PCR results in samples of the 14 asymptomatic transplant recipients was repeatedly below detection limit. In contrast, patients with mononucleosis-like symptoms showed persistent EBV genome titers over a period of 6 months, ranging from 75 to 18 750 copies/10 000 PBL and from 680 to 335 000 copies/mL serum, respectively. One child suffering from this mononucleosis-like condition developed an EBV-associated Burkitt-like lymphoma 29 months after Tx. Whereas clinical and histological investigations did not indicate a post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) until tumor detection, EBV titers in PBL and serum had been high for at least 8 months. We propose that pediatric transplant recipients who show both, recurrent mononucleosis-like symptoms and a sustained high EBV genome load, are at increased risk for severe EBV-related post-transplant complications.