盆腔脏器脱垂女性性功能研究进展

盆腔脏器脱垂(POP)是严重影响女性生活质量的一种疾病,其中对女性性功能的影响尤为重要但容易忽略。目前关于POP女性性功能障碍的特异性问卷已经过中文验证,并且在不断改进; POP影响女性性功能的性唤起、性高潮、性交痛等各个方面,通过手术或非手术治疗均可以一定程度改善脱垂症状,但对性功能的改善作用不一。     

成年女性盆腔脏器脱垂流行病学研究进展

盆腔脏器脱垂(POP)是一个普遍的社会和卫生问题,其发病率逐年升高,逐渐引起各国学者的高度关注。但是目前仅国外进行了少数关于该病的流行病学研究,国内尚无相关研究报道。影响其流行病学研究开展的主要原因,包括POP症状无特异性以及对于POP尚缺乏公认的理想评估方法。本文主要对目前POP流行病学研究所采用的方法及其在不同人群中的发生情况和危险因素等问题予以综述。     

盆腔脏器脱垂治疗进展

女性盆底功能障碍性疾病（pelvic floor dysfunction disease，PFD）主要表现为盆腔脏器脱垂（pelvic organ prolapse，POP）和压力性尿失禁（stress urinary incontinence，SUI）。POP是盆底支持组织缺陷、损伤的主要后果，与SUI有着密切关系，SUI和POP的诊断和治疗是妇科泌尿学与盆底重建外科的基本内容。我国政府1978年3月对POP和尿瘘两大疾病进行了调查摸底，提出免费治疗，同时柯应夔教授主编《子宫脱垂》出版，随即在全国范围内制定了有关子宫脱垂防治的诊断标准、治疗原则、疗效评价标准。1981年12省市有13403例治疗调查报告。但在近20年，我国关于POP的临床和研究报道并不多，更是缺乏POP的流行病学研究和规范化治疗标准。     

女性盆腔脏器脱垂患病危险因素分析

目的:对我院妇科近5年盆腔脏器脱垂(POP)手术患者进行调查分析,探讨POP患病危险因素及其特点.方法:采用非条件Logistic回归分析方法确定与POP有关的危险因素;χ2或t检验进行维汉不同民族患病危险因素的比较.结果:256例POP手术患者经单因素及多因素分析,得出患者年龄、民族、体重指数(BMI)、产次、阴道分娩、绝经、便秘以及子宫切除术后8项为POP发生的相关危险因素(P<0.05);维吾尔族与汉族POP患者各危险因素比较,患者年龄、BMI、初产、产次4项因素差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:POP患病原因除了与不同民族及区域有关外,同时与衰老、绝经、阴道分娩、长时间腹内压增加及医源性损伤等因素也有关.     

北京郊区女性尿失禁及盆腔脏器脱垂发病情况及其对生活质量影响的抽样调查

目的 调查北京郊区女性尿失禁及盆腔器官脱垂发病情况及其对生活质量的影响。方法 按照整群抽样的方法，选取生活在北京市房山区某自然村18岁以上的常住已婚女性，进行问卷调查，并行妇科检查和B超检查。结果 全村符合调查的女性202人，回收问卷190份，应答率94．1％。调查结果显示，尿失禁的患病率为67例（35．3％）。子宫脱垂49例（25．8％），阴道前壁膨出79例（41．6％），阴道后壁膨出61例（32．1％）。尿失禁对女性日常生活、情绪和性生活的影响率分别为29．9％、23．9％、29．9％，尿失禁以轻度尿失禁为主（占82．1％），尿失禁合并子宫脱垂占31．3％，合并阴道前壁膨出59．7％，合并阴道后壁膨出44．8％。结论 整群抽样调查显示，北京郊区女性尿失禁及盆腔脏器脱垂均较常见，尿失禁患者多合并盆腔脏器脱垂，尤其是阴道前壁膨出，并对生活质量有较大影响。     

问卷调查在采集女性盆腔脏器脱垂患者病史中的应用

目的:比较问卷调查与回顾性病例分析采集盆腔脏器脱垂(POP)患者信息的异同,从而确定症状问卷调查表的重要性.方法:按照现况调查的方法对2009年11月—2010年4月门诊收治的105例POP患者进行现场问卷调查,按照回顾性分析的方法采集2007年1月—2009年10月因POP住院手术治疗的209例患者的病史.采用SPS...     

问卷调查在采集女性盆腔脏器脱垂患者病史中的应用

目的：比较问卷调查与回顾性病例分析采集盆腔脏器脱垂（POP）患者信息的异同,从而确定症状问卷调查表的重要性。方法：按照现况调查的方法对2009年11月—2010年4月门诊收治的105例POP患者进行现场问卷调查,按照回顾性分析的方法采集2007年1月—2009年10月因POP住院手术治疗的209例患者的病史。采用SPSS18.0进行统计学分析,比较2组患者临床特征信息中的异同。结果：①2组相同点。POP患者年龄、绝经、妊娠次数和产次基本相似;POP部位均以阴道前壁、子宫为主;脱垂程度越重,症状检出率越高。常见症状排位相同。②2组不同点。住院患者症状检出率明显低于门诊患者。结论：现场问卷调查与回顾性病例分析POP相关情况结果相似,常见症状出现频率差异较大,尤其是大便情况。建议临床医生在接诊POP患者时,要注意对关键症状和体征的问诊,以免遗漏重要病史。     

盆腔脏器脱垂患者尿动力学检查80例临床分析

目的:探讨女性盆腔脏器脱垂(POP)患者的尿动力学特点及临床意义.方法:对2005年7月至2009年3月80例因POP行手术治疗患者进行尿动力学检查,其中有尿失禁症状38例,尿路刺激症状20例,排尿困难14例,无任何排尿异常8例.结果:尿失禁症状、尿路刺激和排尿困难尿动力检查符合率分别为73.7%(28/38),55.0%(11/20)和71.4%(10/14).Aa位于-1～+1 cm之间时尿动力检查诊断尿失禁率高达66.7%.根据患者症状及尿动力学检查结果,80例患者进行相应的手术及药物治疗,均取得较好疗效.结论:尿动力学检查对女性POP合并排尿功能障碍的诊治具有重要意义,Aa位于-1点以下时,无论有无排尿异常,应行尿动力学检查明确有无压力性尿失禁.     

全盆腔悬吊术治疗盆腔脏器脱垂的临床分析

目的探讨应用全盆腔悬吊术治疗盆腔脏器脱垂,并同时进行盆底重建的可行性和有效性.方法对16例具有不同缺陷的盆腔脏器脱垂患者进行全盆腔悬吊术.结果平均手术时间65分钟,平均出血150 ml,盆腔脏器脱垂全部得到纠正,随访期间未发现有阴道缩短、扭曲等症状,性生活不受影响.1例出现宫颈延长,1例出现网片排异,余无异常.结论全盆腔悬吊术对 盆腔脏器脱垂患者在保留子宫同时进行盆底重建,简化了手术治疗的过程,手术方法简单易掌握,短期疗效肯定,长期疗效有待进一步观察和随访,值得临床进一步研究.     

46例老年妇女盆腔脏器脱垂手术治疗的临床分析

<正>盆腔脏器脱垂是老年妇女的常见疾病之一,严重影响患者的生活质量,目前治疗手术方式有多种,经阴子宫全切加阴道前后壁修补是主要治疗方法,但术后治愈率低、复发率高。现回顾性分析2005年1月～2009年1月收治的46例盆腔脏器脱垂患者的临床资料,报道如下。     

腹腔镜下子宫-阴道骶骨固定术联合多部位修复术治疗中重度盆腔器官脱垂37例临床分析

目的 探讨多术式联合治疗盆腔器官脱垂（POP）的疗效、安全性及并发症。方法 回顾性分析2007年9月至2012年12月在沈阳市妇婴医院联合应用聚丙烯网片腹腔镜下子宫-阴道骶骨固定术联合改良的阴道旁修补术、圆韧带短缩术、骶韧带缩短术治疗的37例中重度POP患者的临床资料。其中合并糖尿病3例,9例合并宫颈延长（行宫颈部分切除术）,合并压力性尿失禁（SUI）9例,合并子宫肌瘤、腺肌病、卵巢囊肿16例（其中2例多发肌瘤、6例单发肌瘤者希望保留子宫,术中同时行肌瘤剔除术;6例行子宫次全切除术;2例卵巢囊肿患者术中行囊肿切除术,术中冰冻病理良性）。既往行子宫次全切除术4例,行子宫全切术1例。患者均有程度不等的性生活不适或性交困难。观察手术时间、术中出血、膀胱功能恢复等,并在术后定期随访,对手术效果进行主客观评价。结果 37例患者盆腔器官脱垂定量系统（POP-Q）分期Ⅱ期10例,Ⅲ期19例,Ⅳ期8例。所有患者经多术式联合治疗均获成功,平均手术时间(153±32)min,平均出血量（185.35±58.40）mL,术后留置尿管(3.0±1.5)d。术后1年复查POP-Q评分较术前明显改善：Aa－2.4 ±0.5,Ba－2.8±0.4,C－7.5±0.9,Ap－2.5±0.5,Bp－2.6±0.4,相关症状消失或明显改善,无性生活不适及性交痛,无网片侵蚀、暴露、感染等并发症。客观治愈率100%。结论 腹腔镜下子宫-阴道骶骨固定术联合多部位修复术治疗盆腔器官脱垂是一种微创、安全、有效的治疗方式。     

女性盆腔器官脱垂对尿动力学的影响

目的探讨盆腔器官脱垂(POP)与尿动力学改变之间的关系。方法对2006年2月至2010年9月就诊于中国医科大学附属盛京医院门诊及病房的355例盆腔器官脱垂且无下尿路器质性病变患者,严格采用国际POP-Q评分标准,根据脱垂程度进行分组(Ⅱ～Ⅳ度组)。所有患者进行尿动力检测,判断其脱垂对下尿路影响情况,并对其结果进行统计分析。结果盆腔器官脱垂患者中有76.3%(271/355)尿动力学检测可发生改变,其中以膀胱膨出为主者232例,占85.6%(232/271);以直肠膨出、子宫脱垂为主者共39例,仅占14.4%(39/271)。Ⅱ～Ⅳ度POP患者客观尿动力学检测发生变化的比率分别为32.9%(28/85),85.9%(146/170),97.0%(97/100)。结论 POP本身多伴有不同程度尿动力学改变,膀胱膨出是尿动力指标改变的主要因素。因此,POP患者尿动力检查在临床诊疗中十分重要,术前应详细评估下尿路功能,如不给予足够重视,可能会影响治疗效果。     

Concomitant trocar-guided transvaginal mesh surgery with a midurethral sling in treating advanced pelvic organ prolapse associated with stress or occult stress urinary incontinence

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and feasibility of concomitant trocar-guided transvaginal mesh (TVM) surgery with a midurethral sling (MUS) for treating women with advanced pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and stress urinary incontinence (SUI) or occult SUI (OSUI).Materials and methodsEighty-nine women with advanced POP and SUI or OSUI were retrospectively enrolled. The Total Prolift and Tension-free Vaginal Tape-Obturator Systems were used for trocar-guided TVM surgery and MUS. Patients received regular follow-up at 1 week, and 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months postoperatively, and then annually thereafter. The endpoints were the success rate for POP, and perioperative and postoperative complications. Functional outcomes were the presence of voiding difficulty, persistent or de novo overactive bladder symptoms, postoperative SUI, and paresthesia.ResultsThe median follow-up period was 35 months (range, 12–50 months). Within the follow-up period, 84 patients (94.4%) were objectively cured, five patients (5.6%) had vaginal apical mesh exposure, 29 individuals (32.6%) had persistent or de novo overactive bladder symptoms, six individuals (22.5%) had de novo SUI (two were found by urodynamics), and nine individuals (10.1%) had voiding difficulties (two were found by urodynamics). In addition, the vaginal hysterectomy group had greater blood loss, longer operation times, and a higher mesh erosion rate compared to the uterine suspension group.ConclusionConcomitant trocar-guided TVM surgery and MUS with the use of total Prolift and Tension-free Vaginal Tape-Obturator offer good efficacy in treating women with advanced POP and SUI or OSUI. The vaginal hysterectomy group had more perioperative complications.     

Conservative management of pelvic organ prolapse

Pelvic organ prolapse is a common condition with 1 in 10 women undergoing surgery during their lifetime. In the community 8% of women complain of the symptom of a vaginal bulge which is the symptom that most closely correlates with the finding of a prolapse on examination. Pelvic organ prolapse can impair urinary, bowel and sexual function. The NICE National Guideline Urinary Incontinence and Pelvic Organ prolapse in Women: Management makes recommendations on the assessment and treatment of pelvic organ prolapse. The most important part of prolapse management is obtaining a comprehensive pelvic floor history and understanding the woman's treatment goals and expectations. A standardised examination aids further decision making. Conservative treatment options include observation, lifestyle advice, pelvic floor muscle training and use of a pessary. Treatment choice is guided by patient preference.     

Conservative management of pelvic organ prolapse

Pelvic organ prolapse is a common condition with one in 10 women undergoing surgery during their lifetime. In the community 8% of women complain of the symptom of a vaginal bulge which is the symptom that most closely correlates with the finding of a prolapse on examination. Pelvic organ prolapse can impair urinary, bowel and sexual function. The most important part of prolapse management is obtaining a comprehensive pelvic floor history and understanding the woman's treatment goals and expectations. A standardised examination aids further decision making. Conservative treatment options include observation, lifestyle advice, pelvic floor muscle training and use of a pessary. Treatment choice is guided by patient preference.     

Correlation of severity of pelvic organ prolapse with lower urinary tract symptoms

ObjectiveRelationships between pelvic organ prolapse (POP) staging and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are controversial. In this study, we evaluated correlations of POP staging with LUTS in different compartments.Materials and methodsFrom January 2016 to December 2017, 250 consecutive patients with urogynecologic complaints who were referred to our urodynamic unit were recruited into this study. Different stages of different compartments (anterior, central and posterior) of POPs according to IUGA and ICS terminology were re-grouped into four categories as stage 0, 1, 2, and 3 (including stage 4 because of a limited number of patients in stage 4). Pearson correlation coefficient and general linear regression were used for correlations of POP staging in different compartments and LUTS (stress urinary incontinence, overactive bladder and voiding symptoms) as well as their associated factors.ResultsOnly OAB had a moderate correlation with different compartments of POP (anterior vaginal wall: ?0.3116; cervix: ?0.2954 and posterior vaginal wall: ?0.3779; all p < 0.05). Stage 1 AVWP significantly increased (39.6%) the occurrence of OAB compared to no prolapse. Posterior compartment (stage 1–3) prolapse reduced the occurrence of OAB.ConclusionOnly stage 1 AVWP is associated with an increase in OAB, and posterior compartment prolapse may reduce the occurrence of OAB.