5‘—荧光素标记的ReLA反义脱氧寡核苷酸在人白血病细胞HL—60中的分布及稳定性

目的 比较修饰型及未修饰型ReLA反义脱氧寡核苷酸（AS-ODN）在人白血病细胞HL-60中的分布及稳定性。方法 将荧光素（FAM）标记的硫代磷酸酯修饰及未修饰型AS-ODN经脂质体介异工直接转染入HL-60细胞，应用荧光显微镜及流式细胞仪观察细胞内荧光的时相分布。结果 发现1μmol/L修饰型AS-ODN进入细胞后，细胞内荧光强度6h达到高峰。在有脂质体存在时，细胞内荧光明显增强，12h后荧光减弱并逐渐消失。而AS-ODN直接转染细胞，细胞内特别是核内荧光强度明显比脂质体组弱。未修饰型AS-ODN直接或经脂质体介导转染，细胞内荧光强度均很弱，滞留时间不超过4h。结论 脂质体可以提高细胞对AS-ODN的摄取及核聚积，而硫代磷酸酯修饰型AS-ODN具有更好的稳定性。     

阳离子脂质体介导NF-κB“decoy”ODNS转染巨噬细胞条件的优化

目的：观察NF-κB“decoy”ODNS在阳离子脂质体lipofectin介导下转染小鼠巨噬细胞J774．1的优化参数以及在细胞内的分布。方法：改变ODN与lipofectin比率、转染时间;用流式细胞仪检测细胞内的相对荧光强度和摄取率评价转染效率;荧光显微镜观察细胞内荧光分布;测定细胞上清乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)观察细胞损伤情况。结果：Lipofectin介导转染显著提高J774．1细胞对NF—κB“decoy”0DNS的摄取;在24孔培养板中,NF—κB“decoy”ODNS与lipofectin比率(W／W)为1：5、转染6h时,转染效率最佳而细胞毒性相对较低;lipofectin介导转染6h后,细胞内荧光物质主要聚集于细胞核和部分细胞质中,而直接转染时荧光物质多分布于细胞质。结论：Lipofectin可增加NF—κB“decoy”ODKS的细胞摄入并改变其细胞内分布;NF—κB“decoy”0DNS与lipofectin比率(W／W)为1：5、转染6h时可获得最佳转染效率。     

阳离子脂质体介导NF-κB"decoy"ODNs转染巨噬细胞条件的优化

目的:观察NF-κB "decoy"ODNs在阳离子脂质体lipofectin介导下转染小鼠巨噬细胞J774.1的优化参数以及在细胞内的分布.方法:改变ODN与lipofectin比率、转染时间;用流式细胞仪检测细胞内的相对荧光强度和摄取率评价转染效率;荧光显微镜观察细胞内荧光分布;测定细胞上清乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)观察细胞损伤情况.结果:lipofectin介导转染显著提高J774.1细胞对NF-κB "decoy"ODNs的摄取;在24孔培养板中,NF-κB "decoy"ODNs与lipofectin比率(W/W)为1∶5、转染6 h时,转染效率最佳而细胞毒性相对较低;lipofectin介导转染6 h后,细胞内荧光物质主要聚集于细胞核和部分细胞质中,而直接转染时荧光物质多分布于细胞质.结论:lipofectin可增加NF-κB "decoy"ODNs的细胞摄入并改变其细胞内分布;NF-κB "decoy"ODNs与lipofectin比率(W/W)为1∶5、转染6 h时可获得最佳转染效率.     

脂质体介导NF-κB decoy ODN低温缺氧对ECV-304的转染及复氧后对其黏附分子mRNA表达的影响

目的:探讨在Euro-Collin's(ECs)中,低温缺氧条件下脂质体(in vivo liposome)介导NF-κB诱捕物寡核苷酸(NF-κB decoy ODN)对人脐静脉内皮细胞株(ECV-304)的转染效率以及复氧后对其NF-κB活性及受其调控的黏附分子mRNA表达的影响. 方法:应用脂质体/decoy ODN、脂质体/scrambled ODN复合物,在低温缺氧的ECs转染ECV-304. 应用荧光显微镜和流式细胞仪,观察在4℃条件下,decoy ODN浓度为1.0 μmol/L的ECs缺氧保存ECV-304 6 h后的平均荧光强度(MFI)和摄取率以及ODN的胞内分布;同时设立裸ODN转染为对照, 观察脂质体介导decoy ODN对ECV-304的转染效率. 应用凝胶电泳迁移改变试验(EMSA)分析ECV-304低温缺氧保存6 h/复氧后不同时间的NF-κB 活性以及decoy ODN对NF-κB活性抑制效果. 利用RT-PCR方法检测各组ECV-304的ICAM-1, VCAM-1以及P-selectin的mRNA表达. 结果:ECV-304在ECs中4℃缺氧保存6 h后,脂质体介导ODN对ECV-304转染的MFI为1072.7±33.1,是裸ODN转染的91.1倍,细胞对ODN的摄取率为(93.1±2.6)%,是裸ODN转染的71.5倍;脂质体介导ODN 转染的ECV-304,荧光显微镜下可见部分荧光颗粒分布于胞质,胞核内呈强荧光颗粒,而裸ODN转染的ECV-304,胞质内偶见少量荧光,胞核内未见荧光颗粒. ESMA显示ECV-304低温缺氧保存6 h/复氧后1 h NF-κB活性开始升高,4 h达到高峰;转染decoy ODN的ECV-304复氧后4 h其NF-κB活性受到抑制,而转染scrambled.ODN的ECV-304复氧后4 h其NF-κB不被抑制. RT-PCR结果显示decoy ODN转染ECV-304后,其ICAM-1, VCAM-1以及P-selectin的mRNA的表达低于未转染组和scrambled.ODN转染组,有显著性差异. 结论:在ECs中以及低温缺氧条件下,脂质体能高效地将decoy ODN转染到ECV-304的胞核中,而裸ODN则不能进入细胞;经decoy ODN转染的ECV-304,在低温缺氧保存/复氧后,其NF-κB活性被抑制,并且其黏附分子的mRNA表达被抑制.     

脂质体介导NF-κB decoy ODN低温缺氧对ECV-304的转染及复氧后对其黏附分子mRNA表达的影响

目的 :探讨在Euro Collin’s(ECs)中 ,低温缺氧条件下脂质体 (invivoliposome)介导NF κB诱捕物寡核苷酸 (NF κBdecoyODN)对人脐静脉内皮细胞株 (ECV 30 4 )的转染效率以及复氧后对其NF κB活性及受其调控的黏附分子mR NA表达的影响 .方法 :应用脂质体 /decoyODN、脂质体 /scrambledODN复合物 ,在低温缺氧的ECs转染ECV 30 4 .应用荧光显微镜和流式细胞仪 ,观察在 4℃条件下 ,decoyODN浓度为 1 .0 μmol/L的ECs缺氧保存ECV 30 4 6h后的平均荧光强度 (MFI)和摄取率以及ODN的胞内分布 ;同时设立裸ODN转染为对照 ,观察脂质体介导decoyODN对ECV 30 4的转染效率 .应用凝胶电泳迁移改变试验 (EMSA)分析ECV 30 4低温缺氧保存 6h/复氧后不同时间的NF κB活性以及decoyODN对NF κB活性抑制效果 .利用RT PCR方法检测各组ECV 30 4的ICAM 1 ,VCAM 1以及P selectin的mRNA表达 .结果 :ECV 30 4在ECs中 4℃缺氧保存 6h后 ,脂质体介导ODN对ECV 30 4转染的MFI为 1 0 72 .7± 33.1 ,是裸ODN转染的 91 .1倍 ,细胞对ODN的摄取率为 (93.1±2 .6 ) % ,是裸ODN转染的 71 .5倍 ;脂质体介导ODN转染的ECV 30 4 ,荧光显微镜下可见部分荧光颗粒分布于胞质 ,胞核内呈强荧光颗粒 ,而裸ODN转染的ECV 30 4 ,胞质内偶见少量荧光 ,胞核内未     

脂质体介导转染bcl-2反义核酸进入HL60细胞的动力学模式和生物学效应

bcl- 2基因是重要的抗凋亡和耐药基因 ,在造血系统恶性肿瘤细胞中普遍高表达。利用 bcl- 2反义核酸有望抑制bcl- 2基因的表达 ,促进细胞凋亡 ,提高肿瘤对化疗的敏感性。　目的　应用阳离子脂质体介导或寡核苷酸直接转染技术 ,建立 HL6 0细胞摄入荧光素标记的 bcl- 2寡核苷酸的动力学模式 ,研究脂质体介导下 bcl- 2反义核酸对 HL6 0细胞的生物学效应 ,初步探讨脂质体的生物学作用。　方法　应用荧光素标记的寡核苷酸 ,凝胶电泳观察脂质体寡核苷酸复合物的形成 ,流式细胞仪测定细胞内的平均荧光强度和 bcl-2蛋白的表达 ,荧光显微镜观察细胞内荧光物质的分布 ,3H-Td R掺入法和 MTT法检测 HL6 0细胞的生长 ,RT- PCR法检测细胞内 bcl- 2 m RNA的表达水平。　结果　 (1)当脂质体与寡核苷酸的质量比合适时 ,两者可形成复合物。(2 )脂质体介导转染法显著提高 HL6 0细胞对寡核苷酸的摄入 ,当脂质体与寡核苷酸的质量比 (μg/ μg)为 2 .0 / 1时 ,细胞内相对平均荧光强度可达寡核苷酸直接转染时的 40倍 ,而且 HL6 0细胞对寡核苷酸的摄入与其浓度和作用时间有关 ,未标记的寡核苷酸竞争性抑制细胞对标记寡核苷酸的摄取。 (2 )细胞内的寡核苷酸可向胞外转运 ,脂质体介导转染后 ,胞内荧光强度衰减缓慢 ,t1 /2 约为 4h,     

脂质体介导NF-кB decoy ODN低温缺氧对ECV-304的转染及复氧后对下游粘附分子及趋化因子基因表达的影响

目的探讨在Euro-Collin's(ECs)中,低温(4℃)缺氧条件下脂质体(in v1vo Liposome)介导N F-κ B诱捕物寡核苷酸(NF-κ B decoy ODN)对人脐静脉内皮细胞株(ECV-304)的转染效率以及复氧后对其细胞分子表达的影响.方法ECV-304在10?S的RPMI 1640培养液,37℃、5%CO2条件下培养,生长至单层融合后进行试验.使用前配制Liposome/decoy ODN和scrambled ODN复合物,Liposome与ODN的 /-电荷比率为2.应用荧光显微镜和流式细胞仪,观察在4℃条件下,ODN浓度1.0μM的ECs缺氧保存6h后ECV-304的平均荧光强度(MFI)和摄取率以及ODN的胞内分布;同时设立裸ODN转染为对照,观察Liposome介导ODN对ECV-304的转染效率.利用RT-PCR方法检测各组ECV-304的ICAM-1、VCAM-1、IL-8、MCP-1以及P-selectin的mRNA表达.结果在ECs中、4℃缺氧保存ECV-304 6h后,LiPosome介导ODN对ECV-304转染的MFI为10172.71±33.14,是裸ODN转染的91.1倍,细胞对ODN的摄取率为93.06±2.60%,是裸ODN转染的71 5倍.Liposome介导ODN转染的ECV-304,荧光显微镜下可见部分荧光颗粒分布于胞浆,胞核内可见强荧光颗粒;而裸ODN转染的ECV-304,胞浆内偶见少量荧光,胞核内未见荧光颗粒RT-PCR检测显示Liposome/decoy ODN转染ECV-304后,其ICAM-1,VCAM-1,IL-8,MCP-1以及P-selectin的mRNA的表达低于未转染组和Scramb.ODN转染组,有显著性差异.结论低温缺氧条件下和ECs中,Liposome能有效地将ODN转染到ECV-304的胞核中,而裸ODN则不能进入细胞;经Liposome/decoy ODN处理的ECV-3 04,其下游粘附分子及趋化因子的基因表达被抑制.     

阳离子脂质体增加造血系统恶性肿瘤细胞株对寡核苷酸G3139的摄入

目的观察阳离子脂质体DOSPER介导或Bcl-2反义寡核苷酸G3139直接作用时,造血系统恶性肿瘤细胞株对G3139的摄入,为阳离子脂质体和反义寡核苷酸的进一步应用提供依据.方法利用异硫氰酸荧光素标记的G3139,流式细胞仪(FCM)测定造血系统恶性肿瘤细胞株HL60、K562、U937、CA46和CEM细胞内的平均荧光强度.结果 G3139直接作用于细胞时,细胞内荧光强度U937>HL60>CA46>K562>CEM(P<0.05);DOSPER介导转染时,各细胞内的荧光强度均显著高于直接转染时(P<0.01),而且当DOSPER/G3139(μg/μg)为2～3∶1时,转染效率最佳,但此时各细胞间细胞内平均平均荧光强度无明显的差别(P>0.05).结论不同造血系统恶性肿瘤细胞株对G3139的摄入不同,阳离子脂质体DOSPER可普遍提高细胞对G3139的摄入.     

寡核苷酸转染原代培养pMφ的研究

目的研究阳离子脂质体为载体的寡核苷酸(oligodeoxynucleotides,ODNs)转染原代培养的大鼠腹腔巨噬细胞(pMφ)的时相关系、分布以及转染效率。方法以阳离子脂质体为载体,将荧光标记的圈套ODNs(2.0μg/ml)转染入纯化的大鼠pMφ细胞,分别在30 min、1 h,3 h,6 h,9 h,12 h,18 h,24 h用荧光显微镜及激光共聚焦显微镜观察荧光标记的圈套ODNs在细胞内的动态变化。结果荧光显微镜下转染30 min细胞内便有荧光标记的圈套ODNs出现,转染6~12 h细胞内的荧光最强。激光共聚焦显微镜显示转染30min细胞内荧光标记的圈套ODNs主要分布在胞浆内,随着时间的延长,细胞内尤其胞核内的荧光越来越强,转染6~12h细胞内的荧光最强。Results:结论以阳离子脂质体为载体的哑铃形圈套ODNs可转染入大鼠pMφ细胞并分布于胞浆及胞核。     

反义c-myc寡脱氧核苷酸对血管平滑肌细胞增殖、迁移和凋亡的影响

为研究硫代磷酸修饰的反义c-myc寡脱氧核苷酸(ODN)对血管平滑肌细胞(SMC)的增殖、迁移及凋亡的影响。应用脂质体分别介导硫代磷酸修饰的反义c-mycODN、正义c-mycODN和错配c-mycODN进入体外培养的大鼠主动脉SMC内,观察其对SMC细胞c-myc表达、增殖、迁移和凋亡的影响。结果:①反义ODN降低c-myc蛋白的表达。②反义c-mycODN抑制SMC增殖、迁移,并诱导SMC凋亡。而正义ODN及错配ODN则无上述作用。结果提示:应用反义技术抑制c-myc表达在防治经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术(PTCA)术后再狭窄中具有潜在作用。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.