Role of Helicobacter pylori eradication in the prevention of peptic ulcer in NSAID users

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) are independent risk factors for peptic ulcers and ulcer complications and they have additive or synergistic effects. A meta-analysis showed that the OR for the incidence of peptic ulcer was 61.1 in patients infected with H. pylori and also taking NSAID when compared to patients uninfected with H. pylori and not taking NSAID. H. pylori eradication may prevent NSAID-induced ulcers in NSAID naive patients. In patients receiving long-term NSAID, proton pump inhibitor(PPI) is more effective in the prevention of ulcer recurrence and bleeding. However, H. pylori eradication should be considered in patients receiving long -term PPI maintenance treatment to prevent the development of corpus gastritis and gastric atrophy.     

Peptic ulcer recurrence after successful eradication of Helicobacter pylori--clinical characteristics and management

Peptic ulcer recurrence after successful eradication of Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) is not rare. We evaluated the effect of H. pylori eradication on prevention of gastric ulcer recurrence. Ulcer recurrence had occurred in 20 of 256 H. pylori-eradicated patients, and most of ulcer recurrence were found within 1 year after eradication. NSAIDs and psychological stress, but not sex, smoking habit, drinking habit, and past history of ulcer, seem to be associated with ulcer recurrence. Intractable ulcers after the eradication of H. pylori frequently recurred. Some recurrent ulcers were refractory to treatment with H2-receptor antagonists or proton pump inhibitors. The mechanism(s) by which healed ulcers recur after successful eradication of H. pylori remains unclear.     

消化性溃疡的复发与幽门螺杆菌感染168例分析

目的:观察消化性溃疡的复发与幽门螺杆菌(HP)感染的关系。方法:回顾性分析我院168例消化性溃疡病人的临床资料,从胃镜检查、碳14(一种检测HP的呼气试验)测试、病理组织活检及治疗后随访3年结果进行分析。结果:HP阳性率为82.8％,其中胃溃疡最高,为88.9％,其次为十二指肠球部溃疡、复合性溃疡、幽门前区溃疡,检出率分别为85.3％、60％、57.1％,经统计学处理P<0.01,提示HP感染与溃疡部位有相关性。随访发现溃疡病伴有HP感染的复发率较高,达30％,而单纯的消化性溃疡、无HP感染的3年复发率为5％左右。结论:HP感染是消化性溃疡复发的重要因素。     

老年消化性溃疡幽门螺杆菌的检测及其与复发的关系

目的 探讨幽门螺杆菌(HP)感染与老年消化性溃疡的发生及复发的关系.方法 回顾性分析120例老年消化性溃疡患者临床资料,所有患者均行13C-尿素呼气试验(13C-UBT)检测HP感染情况.其中102例患者确诊为HP感染,根据患者是否接受根除HP治疗将患者分为对照组与观察组,其中52例观察组患者接受根除HP治疗,50例对照组患者未接受根除HP治疗.比较两组患者临床疗效、治疗1年后HP感染复发率及溃疡复发率.结果 观察组与对照组治疗总有效率为90.4%和78.0%,观察组显著高于对照组(P＝0.031),差异有统计学意义;治疗后1年观察组溃疡复发率为13.5%,显著低于对照组26.0%(P＝0.037),差异有统计学意义;观察组HP感染复发率(9.6%)显著低于对照组(22.0%)(P＝0.024),差异有统计学意义.结论 HP与老年消化性溃疡的发生密切相关,根除HP治疗可显著减少溃疡复发率,改善预后.     

Helicobacter pylori as a new paradigm in the pathogenesis of upper GI diseases

Discovery of H. pylori from human gastric mucosa have induced an evolution in the concepts of upper GI diseases, especially in those of gastritis, peptic ulcer and gastric cancer. A new classification of gastritis, Sydney system and updated Sydney system, are proposed and commonly used in worldwide. Eradication treatment against H. pylori infection can completely improve the histologic gastritis, which is defined by the infiltration of inflammatory cells. In gastric and duodenal ulceration, the eradication of H. pylori accelerates the ulcer healing without acid suppression, and prevents the ulcer recurrence without any maintenance therapy. These accumulating data suggest that H. pylori could have an etiologic relation to ulcer diseases, because these are a kind of intervention study on etiology. Thus, in ulcer diseases, H. pylori is proven to play an etiologic role. On the basis of these studies, a new treatment strategy is proposed in upper GI diseases. This is a new paradigm on upper GI diseases.     

New Therapeutic Approaches to Peptic Ulcer Disease: The Role of Helicobacter Pylori

One of the most common bacterial infections of human involves Helicobacter pylori, a spiral, gram-negative bacterium that is now thought to be a dominant factor in the development of peptic ulcer disease and may be significant in causing certain forms of gastric cancer. Almost 100% of patients with duodenal ulcer and 70 to 90% affected with gastric ulcer are infected with H. pylori. In order to achieve cure of H. pylori--induced ulcer disease, it is necesary to eradicate the bacterial infection. Mere suppression or clearance infection without eradication is associated with a >80% recurrence of the ulcer. The epidemiology, microbiology, and pathogenesis of H. pylori infections are reviewed. Diagnostic methods and optimal treatment strategies for H. pylori infections are examined. The most current diagnostic and treatment algorithms for peptic ulcer disease are discussed critically, and future directions for drug development aimed at eradication of H. pylori infection are considered.     

Effect of the eradication of Helicobacter pylori on peptic ulcer healing

Acid suppressive therapy with H2 receptor antagonist or proton pump inhibitor can hardly shift peptic ulcers to S2 stage (white scar). As a result, judgement of ulcer healing has been made at S1 stage (red scar). However, it has been a problem that many ulcer scars relapse. Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy can prevent peptic ulcers from relapsing. The eradication therapy shifted 92% gastric ulcers from all stages to S2 stage after 24 months. We has divided S1 stage categorized by conventional endoscopy into H3-C stage (with small defect of mucosa) and S1-C stage by dye contrast method. The ulcers at H3-C stage relapse more frequently than those at S1-C stage. The acid suppressive therapy shifted only 7%, 15% gastric ulcers at H3-C stage, S1-C stage to S2-C stage after 6 months, respectedly. On the other hand, the eradication therapy shifted 56%, 65% gastric ulcers at H3-C stage, S1-C stage to S2-C stage, respectedly. It may be one reason why the eradication therapy prevents peptic ulcers from relapsing that the therapy shifts almost peptic ulcers to S2 stage.     

Treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection

Helicobacter pylori infection has been shown to be the principal cause of peptic ulcer disease and has been associated with MALT lymphoma and gastric cancer. Eradication of H. pylori has been shown to change the natural history of peptic ulcer disease by preventing relapse and to reduce health care expenditures when compared with traditional therapy. Two-drug regimens have been superceded by three-drug regimens because they are more effective in eradication. Therapies with the highest efficacy are cost-effective because failed eradication is associated with high costs.     

Ulcers and gastritis

This article reviews recently published reports on ulcers and gastritis. Helicobacter pylori is known to be an important pathogen involved in gastroduodenal inflammation and peptic ulcers. Conventional endoscopy is of limited usefulness in the evaluation of gastritis, but magnifying endoscopy is evidently helpful in the diagnosis of chronic atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia, and H. pylori infection. A significant reduction in the incidence of refractory ulcers and the prevalence of H. pylori infection in patients with peptic ulcer disease followed the introduction of H. pylori eradication treatment. Chronic H. pylori infection is associated with gastric cancer, and the effect of H. pylori eradication on the prevention of gastric cancer is an important issue that is still a matter of controversy. Endoscopic hemostasis and intravenous proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) infusion represent a widely accepted approach to the treatment of peptic ulcer bleeding. In clinical practice, it is important to prevent recurrent bleeding and to treat patients who do not respond to endoscopic therapy or PPI treatment. Laparoscopic repair for peptic ulcer perforations, with postoperative eradication treatment, has gradually met with acceptance in patients with H. pylori infection. H. pylori infection and its treatment continue to be interesting problems in this field.     

Long-term endoscopic follow-up for peptic ulcer patients after eradication of H. pylori; comparison with the maintainance therapy by H2-blocker

This study was aimed to clarify the endoscopic findings and the decline of serum IgG titer after successful eradication of H. pylori in long-term (from 2 to 7 years). Forty-six H. pylori-positive peptic ulcer (22 GU and 26 DU) cases were eradicated with antimicrobial therapy. Sixty-nine non-eradicated DU cases who received maintainance therapy with H2-blocker were control group. Biopsy urease test (BUT) and culturing was performed to diagnose the H. pylori infection. Anti-H. pylori IgG titer (EIA) were also measured in some cases, pre and 6, 12, 24 months after the eradication. In 3 cases, H. pylori were recrudescent and only in a case, DU recurred during 5 years after eradication. Meanwhile, in 55% of control cases, DU were recurred during same periods. In 62% of eradicated cases, serum IgG-antibody to H. pylori declined below the cut-off level during 2 years after eradication. It was certified that eradication therapy against H. pylori prevents ulcer recurrence for long time, and re-rise of serum IgG titer to H. pylori might predict a recrudescence of infection.     

Effects of Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy on the healing process of peptic ulcers

The advent of H2-receptor antagonists (H2RA) and proton pump inhibitors (PPI) has particularly revolutionized the treatment of peptic ulcer disease. Most cases can now be successfully controlled by medical treatment with H2RA and PPI, but a high rate of ulcer recurrence remains an important problem. The quality of ulcer healing (QOUH) has therefore received increasing attention, and various investigators have attempted to define the conditions required for nonrecurrence. Ulcer scars with a good QOUH are considered to have a very low risk of recurrence. Recent studies have confirmed that recurrence of peptic ulcer can be suppressed markedly by eradication of Helicobacter pylori (H. p). Moreover, various types of endoscopic examinations (conventional observation, dye-contrast endoscopy, magnifying endoscopy, endoscopic ultrasonography, pharmacoendoscopy) have confirmed that the QOUH after eradication of H. p is better than that after conventional anti-ulcer therapy. H. p eradication therapy may become treatment of first choice for peptic ulcers.     

Pathologic characteristics of gastric ulcer in the aged

The use of aspirin continues to increase as a result of accumulation of evidence of benefits in treatment strategies for cardiovascular disease. These antiplatelet agents, however, have recognizable risks of gastrointestinal complications such as ulceration and related bleeding. Based on the published guidelines in Japan, the cause of gastric ulcer is divided roughly into Helicobacter pylori infection and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID) including aspirin. With the decrease of H. pylori infection rate in a young and that of ulcer recurrence by H. pylori eradication therapy, the cases with peptic ulcer that is come from H. pylori infection have decreased in Japan. On the other hand, gastric ulcer based on the use of aspirin and NSAID have increased. The author reviewed pathologic characteristics of gastric ulcer in the aged in this report.     

Guidelines for the management of Helicobacter pylori--Maastricht III-2005 and Japanese guidelines

The guidelines on the management of Helicobacter pylori were updated at the European Helicobacter study group third Maastricht consensus conference in March 2005. Especially, this conference emphasis on the management of non ulcer dyspepsia, GERD, and the patients who use non steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Eradication of H. pylori is recommended in patients with peptic ulcer, low grade MALT lymphoma, atrophic gastritis, unexplained iron deficiency anemia, chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and first degree relatives of patients with gastric cancer. H. pylori eradication is less effective than proton pomp inhibitor(PPI) treatment in preventing ulcer recurrence in long term NSAIDs users. This meeting also emphasized on the relationship between H. pylori and gastric cancer. The guideline concluded that H. pylori eradication has the potential to reduce the risk of gastric cancer development. Japanese guideline in 2003 does not mention the effect of eradication for prevention of gastric cancer. The H. pylori eradication and new strategy should be desirable for global strategy of gastric cancer prevention.     

Guidelines in the management of Helicobacter pylori infection in Japan--in comparison with the guidelines published in other countries

Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) is a causative agent for chronic gastritis and is an important risk factor for peptic ulcers, gastric carcinomas, and gastric MALT lymphomas. In 2000, the Japanese Society for Helicobacter Research published a guideline on the diagnosis and treatment of H. pylori infection for physicians in routine medical practice. In this guideline, H. pylori eradication therapy is recommended in gastric or duodenal ulcer patients. H. pylori eradication is also recommended in gastric MALT lymphoma patients but the guideline says it should be done at specialist institutions. Considering the high prevalence of gastric carcinomas in Japan. H. pylori eradication for the prevention of gastric carcinomas should be discussed urgently.     

Improvement in gastric histology following Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy in Japanese peptic ulcer patients

We aimed to determine if successful or failed eradication of Helicobacter pylori with triple therapy causes any difference in gastric mucosal histology. Japanese H. pylori-positive patients with a healed peptic ulcer received high (n = 112) or low (n = 113) doses of triple therapy (omeprazole, amoxicillin and clarithromycin) for 1 week. Biopsies from the greater curvature of the central antrum and upper corpus were taken 6 weeks and 30 weeks after treatment completion, and gastric mucosal histology compared between successful (n = 171) and failed (n = 34) eradication groups. Morphological variables of gastritis were graded according to the updated Sydney System. Successful eradication therapy was defined as improvement in inflammation, neutrophil activity and atrophy; failed eradication therapy as improvement in inflammation and neutrophil activity only. Gastric mucosal atrophy gradually improved (in addition to improvements in inflammation and neutrophil activity) with successful eradication of H. pylori infection.     

幽门螺杆菌根除与消化性溃疡复发的关系

目的　研究根除幽门螺杆菌(HP)与消化性溃疡(PU)复发的关系。方法　对HP根除组与HP未根除组随访3年,比较PU复发率。结果　HP根除组与HP未根除组溃疡复发率差异显著(P <0 .0 5 )。结论　根除HP可明显降低PU的复发。     

三联疗法联合牙周基础治疗对胃内幽门螺杆菌根除率的影响

目的:探讨三联药物治疗联合牙周基础治疗对消化性溃疡患者胃内幽门螺杆菌根除率的影响。方法:选择经内镜诊断为消化性溃疡且有慢性牙周炎64例进行三联药物抗幽门螺杆菌治疗,其中32例还同时进行牙周基础治疗。治疗后通过~(14)C-尿素呼气试验分析三联药物治疗联合牙周基础治疗对消化性溃疡患者胃内幽门螺杆菌根除率的影响。结果:采用联合治疗的患者1a后幽门螺杆菌根除率显著高于未进行牙周基础治疗的患者(68.8％:40.6％,P<0.05)。结论:对消化性溃疡且有慢性牙周炎的患者进行三联疗法的同时进行牙周基础治疗能提高胃内幽门螺杆菌根除率。     

Helicobacter pylori: why it still matters in 2005

Despite falling prevalence rates in the developed world, H pylori is still present in the United States and is particularly prevalent among racial minorities and recent immigrants. H pylori infection is clearly associated with an increased risk of peptic ulcer disease, gastric cancer, and MALT lymphoma, and it is associated with some cases of uninvestigated dyspepsia. Identification and eradication of H pylori improves outcomes in patients with peptic ulcer disease and causes tumor regression in patients with MALT lymphoma. It is uncertain whether H pylori eradication will improve outcomes in patients with gastric cancer. Decision analytic models suggest that a test-and-treat strategy for H pylori is rational and cost-effective for patients with uninvestigated dyspepsia.     

Occurrence of upper gastrointestinal tract disease after Helicobacter pylori eradication

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is recognized to be a pathogen of various gastro-duodenal disease. Eradication therapy of H. pylori reduces the recurrence of gastro-duodenal ulcer, improves gastritis histologicaly, and is suggested to act an certain role in protection against gastric carcinogenesis. Although, several studies show uncomfortable results arise after H. pylori infection was cured. These studies suggest that gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) and gastro-doudenal erosion may increase after successful eradication of H. pylori. Recently, adenocarcinoma of the gastric cardia and esophagus increase in incidence. Reflux esophagitis and Barrett's esophagus are recognized as precancerous lesion of esophageal adenocarcinoma. It is uncertain the association of newly occurrence of GERD after H. pylori eradication and increase of esophageal adenocarcinoma. Although GERD may lead to adenocarcinoma, long term observations is necessary after H. pylori eradication.