囊肿切除、胆道重建术治疗先天性胆总管囊肿12例

先天性胆总管囊肿术式选择对预后有重大影响,任何保留囊肿的手术均被视为姑息治疗方法。我院自1989～2001年手术治疗先天性胆总管囊肿12例,取得满意效果,现总结如下。 临床资料 一、一般资料 本组12例中男4例,女8例;年龄3个月     

先天性胆总管囊肿手术治疗的探讨

先天性胆总管囊肿目前公认的首选术式是囊肿切除、肝管空肠Ｒｏｕｘ－Ｙ吻合术,但有少数患儿术后经常发生腹痛、胆管炎等并发症。１９８０年１月～１９９７年７月,我们行胆总管囊肿切除术３０例,其中囊肿切除后行肝管切开肝肠高位大口吻合术１０例,由于注重解除了肝门...     

腹腔镜下胆总管囊肿切除、胆道重建术

目的 探讨腹腔镜下胆总管囊肿根治切除、胆道重建术的可行性。方法 腹腔镜辅助下胆囊或胆总管穿刺胆道造影，同时镜下行胆总管囊肿切除及肝管空肠Roux-Y吻合术。结果 13例胆道造影显示均伴有胆胰管合流异常。7例胆总管呈囊状扩张(6例KomiⅠa型、1例KomiⅠb型)；5例胆总管呈梭形扩张(2例KomiⅡa型、3例。KomiⅡb型)；1例胆总管远段胰腺内囊肿中转开腹手术。12例腹腔镜下顺利根治切除胆总管囊肿，4例经结肠后、8例经结肠前吻合胆道重建术，手术时间4．2～6．5h。结论 腹腔镜下胆道造影方法简便、诊断明确；胆总管囊肿根治切除及胆道重建手术安全可靠，值得临床进一步推广应用。     

腹腔镜在胆总管囊肿切除、胆道重建术中的应用

随着腹腔镜操作技术的不断进步，胆道外科不仅仅局限于胆囊切除术，目前已能完成胆总管切开、胆囊空肠或胆囊十二指肠吻合手术。因此，为减少开腹手术对患儿的打击，自1995年Farello首次描述经腹腔镜完成胆总管囊肿切除术以来文献报道不多，我院自2002年6月～2005年12月成功实施腹腔镜下胆总管囊肿切除、肝管-空肠Roux—Y吻合术28例，效果良好，现总结报告如下。     

先天性胆总管囊肿合并胆道穿孔的外科治疗

目的总结胆总管囊肿合并胆道穿孔的外科治疗经验及疗效。方法回顾性分析2001年6月～2006年1月我院收治的8例胆总管囊肿合并胆道穿孔患儿的病历资料。结果10例均痊愈出院,术后随访3个月～2年,疗效满意,无明显并发症。结论先天性胆总管囊肿合并胆道穿孔容易误诊,应根据患儿手术耐受情况,选择胆道引流术或Ⅰ期根治术。     

几种胆道重建术治疗先天性胆总管囊肿的疗效评价

目的　评价先天性胆总管囊肿 (CCC)几种胆道重建术疗效。方法　CCC 38例均行囊肿切除 ,其中行肝总管十二指肠吻合术 6例 ,肝总管空肠Roux en Y吻合术 2 0例 ,空肠间置肝总管十二肠吻合术 9例 ,阑尾间置肝总管十二肠吻合术 3例。术后随访 6个月～ 6年。结果　获得随访 34例 ,其中肝总管十二指肠吻合术 5例 ,并胆管炎、钡餐造影钡剂反流各 2例 ;肝总管空肠Roux en Y吻合术 19例 ,钡餐造影钡剂反流 1例 ;空肠间置肝总管十二指肠吻合术 8例 ,吻合口狭窄伴肝内胆管扩张、胆瘘各 1例 ;阑尾代胆道 2例 ,并胆管炎 1例。结论　CCC术后远期疗效与术式选择、抗反流机制的建立密切相关 ,肝总管空肠Roux en Y吻合术伴抗反流术式 ,是囊肿切除术后重建胆道的理想术式     

先天性胆总管囊肿患儿一氧化氮、内皮素变化关系探讨

近年来 ,随着对内皮细胞功能研究的不断深入 ,已知内皮素 (ＥＴ 1)、一氧化氮 (ＮＯ)在炎症、肿瘤、肝硬化、缺血再灌注损伤等病理变化过程中起着重要作用。笔者对我院 1995年 6月至 2 0 0 0年5月收治的先天性胆总管囊肿患儿ＥＴ 1、ＮＯ进行了测定 ,报告如下。临床资料共有病例 10 2例 ,按病情分择期组和急诊组。同时检测 10 0例正常体检患儿作对照。其中正常对照组 10 0例 ,男5 2例 ,女 4 8例 ,年龄 5个月至 12岁。为同期检测的 10 0例无肝胆胰疾病、术前Ｂ超检查无肝胆胰异常超声图、外周血两对半阴性的患儿 ,全部体检健康。择期组 78例 …     

囊肿切除间置阑尾重建胆道治疗先天性胆管扩张症

介绍一种治疗先天性胆总管囊肿的新术式－囊肿切除间置带血管蒂阑尾重建胆道，用此术式治疗３例患儿，近期疗效满意，无上行性胆管炎，原有的肝内胆管扩张术后２个月均恢复正常。     

Duodenogastric reflux following biliary reconstruction after excision of choledochal cyst

Duodenogastric reflux (DGR) was assessed in patients surgically treated for choledochal cyst, with emphasis on two different biliary reconstruction methods: Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy (HJ) and hepaticoduodenostomy (HD). Gastric bile monitoring with the Bilitec device revealed excessive DGR in patients in the HD group. Endoscopic findings demonstrated mild to moderate gastric mucosal erosion in patients after HD. In contrast, neither DGR nor gastritis was found in patients after HJ. This preliminary study suggests that HJ, rather than HD, should be recommended as a method of biliary reconstruction for pediatric patients with choledochal cyst. Careful observation of DGR should be continued in patients who have undergone HD.     

胆总管囊肿切除不同胆道重建术的远期疗效评价

目的分析和评价先天性胆总管囊肿切除后采用不同胆道重建手术方式的远期治疗效果。方法对1985-2000年所行121例胆总管囊肿切除、胆道重建手术治疗的患儿资料进行总结和长期随访观察，胆道重建手术包括单纯肝管空肠Roux-Y吻合27例、肝管十二指肠吻合黏膜乳头成形24例、回盲部肠段间置14例和肝管空肠Roux-Y吻合加曾氏防反流瓣56例四种术式。结果91例获得远期随访，平均时间11．7g。2例发生恶变，出现反复发作胆管炎13例(单纯吻合组7例、黏膜乳头成形组5例和加防反流瓣组1例)、吻合口狭窄8例和肝门胆管结石5例，11例再手术后症状消失。结论根治切除囊肿是治疗本病的基础，肝门大口肝管空肠Roux-Y吻合加抗反流瓣术是胆道重建手术可选择的最佳术式。     

Wide hilar hepatico-jejunostomy: the optimum method of reconstruction after choledochal cyst excision

Standard reconstruction after choledochal cyst excision is by Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy to the common hepatic duct. Long-term follow up studies have shown a 10% incidence of late complications, including anastomotic stricture. By extending the bilio-enteric anastomosis along the left hepatic duct, a wide hilar bilio-enteric anastomosis is created which may help to minimize late anastomotic complications. Forty-one consecutive patients (24 girls, 18 infants) with a median age of 2.3 years (range 44 days to 15.6 years) and median weight 11.5 kg (range 2.1–59 kg) underwent radical choledochal cyst excision with a wide hilar hepticojejunostomy. Thirty-eight were followed-up both clinically and by ultrasound scan and biochemical liver function tests for a median of 2.7 years (range 0.1–12.5 years). The median width of the hilar hepaticojejunostomy was 8 mm (range 6–25 mm) in 18 infants, and 15 mm (range 10–25 mm) in 22 older children. In one patient it was not measured. Only one surgical complication occurred—a self-limiting bile leak which settled spontaneously. Median postoperative stay was 6 days (range 5–21 days). No patient has had an episode of cholangitis or adhesive small bowel obstruction to date. Postoperative biochemical liver function tests have remained normal in all but one child (with pre-existing biliary cirrhosis). After radical resection of a choledochal cyst, a wide hilar hepaticojejunostomy is a, safe, effective and durable reconstructive technique that can be performed at any age and may help to minimize the long-term risk of complications.     

腹腔镜胆总管囊肿切除肝管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合手术总结

目的 本研究对腹腔镜胆总管囊肿切除肝管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合手术6年经验进行总结,探讨该技术的近期和远期疗效.方法 从2001年4月至2007年3月,本课题组采用腹腔镜技术治疗先天性胆总管囊肿患儿102例,平均年龄3.2岁.其中13～28d9例,29d～6个月23例,7个月～3岁28例,4～18岁42例.采用四trocars技术完成胆道造影、胆囊和胆总管囊肿壁全层切除;同时利用腹腔镜头对扩张的肝内胆管进行探查;从脐部切口提出空肠,直视下行Roux-en-Y空肠吻合,然后还纳肠管;经结肠后上提空肠的肝支,镜下将肝管与空肠连续吻合.结果 102例全部在腹腔镜下完成手术,无中转开放手术者,平均手术时间224min(155～456min),手术中出血5～10ml,无手术中需要输血者.21例患儿合并肝门部肝管狭窄,行肝管扩大成形术;其中1例患儿手术后并发胆漏,持续腹腔引流26d,自然愈合.2例患儿分别于手术后第二天至第五天和第七天并发消化道出血.1例5岁女孩手术后7.5h突发心跳骤停,高血钾(K+10.85mmol/L),死亡.其他98例患儿手术后恢复顺利,手术后3～6d出院.1例患儿于手术后6个月发生空肠肝支梗阻坏死,行坏死肠管切除,二次肝管空肠Roux-Y吻合手术.患儿手术后经3～72个月的随访肝功能正常,无结石和胰腺炎发生.结论 腹腔镜胆总管囊肿切除肝管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合手术是治疗先天性胆总管囊肿可靠的手段,镜下放大的手术视野有利于精确的手术操作,近期和远期疗效良好.手术后早期有必要密切观察血钾的变化.     

Pancreatitis complicated with dilated choledochal remnant after congenital choledochal cyst excision

We describe here three cases of pancreatitis after congenital choledochal cyst excision. In these three cases, the choledochal remnant in the pancreas head was markedly dilated, probably because of an incomplete resection of the cyst at the primary operation, and an increase in intraluminal pressure of the pancreatic duct caused by a dynamic obstruction by a protein plug or a pancreatic calculus. Complete cyst excision, including the choledochal wall in the pancreas, is therefore strongly recomended.     

Comparison of hepaticoantrostomy and hepaticojejunostomy for biliary reconstruction after resection of a choledochal cyst

Twelve infants operated upon for choledochal cyst (CC) are reviewed with emphasis on the operative technique of biliary tract reconstruction, incidence of cholangitis, postoperative hypergastrinemia, biliary excretion, and upper gastrointestinal (GI) motility in a follow-up of 24 to 35 months. In 7 patients biliary reconstruction was performed with a Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy (HJ), and in 5 with a hepaticoantrostomy (HAST). In the HJ group 4 patients had recurrent episodes of cholangitis and intermittent diarrhea and serum gastrin levels were significantly elevated in 5. Hepatobiliary scintigraphy showed unobstructed excretion of labelled bile through bile ducts into the Roux-en-Y loop, but with significantly delayed emptying of bile into the distal jejunum in all patients. Gastric emptying and upper intestinal passage were normal. In the HAST group no episode of cholangitis occurred and serum gastrin levels were within the normal range. Scintigraphically, hepatobiliary excretion, and duodenojejunal passage of labelled bile was normal, except in 1 patient who developed a postoperative stenosis of the left hepatic duct. Upper GI contrast studies demonstrated normal gastric emptying without reflux into the biliary system. These results suggest that biliary reconstruction with HAST can be performed safely with a low incidence of complications HAST offers a more physiologic method of biliary reconstruction after resection of a CC that allows bile to drain directly into the duodenum.     

先天性胆总管囊肿囊肿切除空肠间置与肝总管空肠吻合的远期随访与评价

目的 研究先天性胆这囊肿囊肿切除空肠间置与肝总管空肠Ｒｏｕｘ－Ｙ吻合重建胆管的远期随访结果与疗效评价。方法 对２种常用的胆管重建术：空肠间置术（２０例）和肝总管空肠Ｒｏｕｘ－Ｙ吻合术（３０例）进行３￣１０年随访。结果 获得随访４４例,其中短段空肠间置伴抗掺流瓣术１４例,肝总管空肠Ｒｏｕｘ－Ｙ吻合短段桥袢伴抗反流瓣术１８例均无反流性胆管炎,钡餐检查剂反流,而短段空肠间置不伴抗反流瓣４例中１例,肝总管     

45例腹腔镜辅助胆总管囊肿根治术

目的本研究对腹腔镜先天性胆总管囊肿切除，肝管空肠Roux-Y吻合术进行探讨。方法从2001年6月至2003年9月，共收治先天性胆总管囊肿患儿45例，年龄2个月到12岩。其中42例为囊肿型，平均囊肿直径3.8cm（2-18cm）；其余3例为梭形，直径分别为1．5、2．0和2．2cm。本组45例患儿均经腹腔镜行先天性胆总管囊肿切除，肝管空肠Roux-Y吻合术。结果本组45例患儿手术全部成功，手术时间平均为4.3h（3．5～7．6h），术中出血量约5～10ml。本组8例患儿合并肝管狭窄，术中同时行腹腔镜胆总管囊肿切除及肝管成形；6例患儿合并共同管内蛋白栓，术中通过腹腔镜导入肠道或插管冲洗清除。其中1例患儿于术后第1d发生胆漏，术后第26d时自愈；其余44例患儿术后恢复顺利，住院时间3～6d。术后随访3～30个月，无肠粘连梗阻和吻合口狭窄等术后并发症发生。结论经腹腔镜先天性胆总管囊肿切除，肝管空肠吻合术是一种安全可靠的方法，术中胆道造影全面了解胆道的结构，清晰的肝门暴露，准确的囊肿分离和熟练的缝合技术是手术成功的关键。     

胆总管囊肿术后并发晚发枫糖尿症一例并文献复习

目的分析1例胆总管囊肿术后并发晚发枫糖尿症(maple syrup urine disease,MSUD)患儿的诊治资料并复习相关文献,以提高对此类疾病的认识。方法收集胆总管囊肿术后并发晚发MSUD患儿的临床资料,总结临床表现、检查方法、诊断和治疗经过。通过PubMed、中国知网、万方等数据库检索近10年相关文献,检索起止时间为2010年1月至2020年5月。结果患儿在行胆总管囊肿切除术后2周内出现顽固性呕吐。术后1个月再次行腹腔镜探查术,第二次术后第一天患儿突然出现嗜睡、神志淡漠、瞳孔对光反射减弱和无法对答。四肢肌力降低,腱反射减弱。头部磁共振成像(magnetic resonance imaging,MRI)检查显示双侧额颞叶皮质、乳头体、双侧壳核、丘脑及中脑、脑桥背侧面多发对称性片状等T1长T2信号,T2-flair为稍高信号,弥散加权成像(diffusion weighted imaging,DWI)示弥散受限。尿有机酸气相色谱-质谱(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC/MS)联用技术检测显示α-酮-3-甲基戊酸显著增高,提示MSUD。经抗感染、补充维生素B1和B12、低支链氨基酸营养、高压氧治疗后,患儿病情逐渐好转。通过检索数据库,近10年国内外文献共报道9例晚发MSUD患儿的病例。结合本研究病例,共10例晚发MSUD。结论早期识别、合理治疗、多学科协作是决定MSUD患儿预后的关键。     

Spontaneous rupture of choledochal cyst

Choledochal cyst in an uncommon congenital anomaly with classic presentation triad of abdominal pain, jaundice and right upper abdominal mass. Presentation due to biliary peritonitis following cyst rupture is extremely rare. One such case which was successfully treated is being reported.