过敏性哮喘患者蟑螂抗原皮肤反应性调查

目的 对门诊蟑螂过敏性哮喘发病情况进行粗略判断,并以对黑胸大蠊与美洲大蠊抗原皮肤反应性作一比较。方法 回顾分析212例有14种抗原（皮肤点刺试验）资料的过敏性哮喘及过敏性鼻炎患儿蟑螂抗原皮试结果;总结34例成人过敏性哮喘患者上述两种蟑螂抗原皮试（皮内试验）结果。结果 有皮试资料的212例患儿中,蟑螂抗原皮肤点刺试验阳性61例,阳性率28．7％,占14种抗原结果的第4位。而就气传变应原相比较,排在屋尘螨及粉尘螨（均为89．6％）之后,居第3位;34例成人患者中,蟑螂抗原皮内试验阳性6例,阳性率17．7％。黑胸大蠊与美洲大蠊抗原皮试阳性结果一致。结论 蟑螂是门诊过敏性哮喘及过敏性鼻炎患儿常见致敏原之一;哮喘患者对黑胸大蠊与美洲大蠊,抗原反应性一致。     

支气管哮喘与过敏性鼻炎患者对蟑螂变应原的反应性研究

目的:了解支气管哮喘和过敏性鼻炎患者对蟑螂的过敏性及病理特征,深入研究其对蟑螂变应原的反应.方法:对全市6家三甲医院的呼吸科,儿科的支气管哮喘和过敏性鼻炎患者384例进行问卷调查和蟑螂抗原皮肤点刺试验.结果:支气管哮喘和过敏性鼻炎患者对蟑螂抗原的反应性的相关性是显著的,其与阳性也是显著相关的(P＜0.001),其阳性比率为31.43%,成人阳性比率为29.97%,儿童阳性比率为24.23%,男性阳性比率为34.56%,女性阳性比率为27.42%.结论:蟑螂是支气管哮喘和过敏性鼻炎患者主要变应原之一,一般成人的阳性比率比儿童高,男性比女性高.     

260例螨性哮喘患儿不同皮试方法的比较研究

目前临床上常用过敏原皮试诊断方法有：皮内试验，挑刺试验和点刺试验，为寻找一种更适宜儿童的诊断方法，对260例过敏性哮喘患儿用粉尘螨抗原进行三种皮试方法的对比试验，结果提示：皮内试验结果与挑刺试验，点刺试验结果阳性符合率分别为97．4％和96．9％，三皮试结果无显性差异（P＜0．05），但点刺试验具有更简便，安全和易于被儿童接受的优点。     

黑胸大蠊若虫免疫兔血清对美洲大蠊若虫cDNA表达文库的筛选及克隆分析

目的从美洲大蠊若虫cDNA文库中筛选黑胸大蠊抗原相关基因,以期获得黑胸大蠊有潜在药用价值的蛋白质、多肽成分。方法用黑胸大蠊若虫免疫兔血清筛选美洲大蠊若虫cDNA文库,对阳性克隆进行PCR鉴定和序列测定,通过国际互联网进行核苷酸序列的同源性分析及编码蛋白质的结构分析和功能预测。结果经三轮复筛,从多个持续阳性克隆中挑选出3个进行测序、分析,其中N1克隆为新基因,Score<50,命名为Parcxpwnx01,GenBank登录号为AY838802。该基因编码231个氨基酸,初步预测该蛋白可能为一具信号转导功能的跨膜蛋白。N2克隆与美洲大蠊核蛋白体16SRNA基因高度同源,N3与黑胸大蠊线粒体DNA高度同源。结论免疫筛选获得与黑胸大蠊若虫抗原相关的基因克隆,其编码的蛋白结构和功能有待进一步研究。     

蟑螂与过敏性哮喘关系的临床研究

应用自制蟑螂抗原提取液,为167例过敏性哮喘和49名健康人作皮内试验,发现哮喘组皮试阳性率(62.3%)显著高于对照组(8.1%)(P<0.01),而蟑螂抗原皮试阳性率居南京地区15种常见过敏原之首,证明蟑螂抗原与南京地区过敏性哮喘间有密切联系。经分析研究,作者提出:蟑螂抗原可能是与室尘和霉菌等基本无关的、新认识的重要致敏原。     

儿童过敏原皮肤点刺试验53例分析

目的 观察部分过敏原疾病儿童的过敏原皮肤点刺试验结果. 方法 对支气管哮喘、过敏性鼻炎及湿疹/荨麻疹三组儿童行皮肤过敏原点刺试验,试剂为北京协和医院诊断试剂厂生产吸入组与食物组共40种过敏原试剂. 结果 支气管哮喘及过敏性鼻炎组儿童随年龄增大,皮肤阳性率增高趋势,而湿疹/荨麻疹组不明显.常见过敏原吸入组为屋尘(15.1 %)、尘螨(28.3%),蟑螂(17%)、家蝇(20.8%)等;食物组为螃蟹(9.4 %)海虾(7.5%),鲤鱼(7.5%)等,近年蟑螂过敏原阳性率增高.哮喘组儿童皮肤试验阳性率54.5%,而有45.5%为阴性,其致病原(变应原)有可能与病毒引起的气道变应性炎症有关. 结论 过敏性疾病儿童过敏原阳性率较成人低,随年龄增大而增高.过敏性疾病儿童常见过敏原基本上与成人一致,但蟑螂过敏原阳性率增高,可能与南昌近年来人口密度增大,儿童与蟑螂接触几率大有关.哮喘儿童除常见过敏原引起外,推测还与病毒感染有关.     

887例皮肤点刺试验结果分析

目的探讨过敏性疾病常见过敏原的致病状况,为过敏性疾病流行病学研究及临床诊断、治疗和预防提供重要依据。方法应用阿罗格点刺试液进行皮肤点刺试验,同时应用生理盐水和组胺液进行阴性和阳性对照。结果887例行皮肤点刺试验,504例皮试阳性,皮试阳性率56．8％。儿童组皮试阳性率明显高于成人组（X^2检验,P〈0．01）;吸人性过敏原皮试阳性率明显高于食物类过敏原（X^2检验,P〈0．005）;呼吸道过敏病（过敏性鼻炎和／或哮喘）吸人性过敏原皮试阳性率明显高于过敏性皮炎（X^2检验,P〈0．005）;尘螨过敏原（粉尘螨和屋尘螨）皮试阳性率明显高于其他过敏原（X^2检验,P〈0．005）。结论过敏性疾病通常由过敏原致病,吸人性过敏原为常见过敏原,尘螨为首要过敏原。呼吸道过敏病更容易由吸人性过敏原致病。     

小儿哮喘与过敏性鼻炎过敏原检测的相关性分析

目的：通过检测哮喘与过敏性鼻炎患儿的过敏原反映二之间的相关性。方法：应用皮肤点刺试验，对313例哮喘患儿、266例过敏性鼻炎及100例健康对照组进行过敏原检测。结果：皮肤试验阳性率哮喘组73．16％、过敏性鼻炎组69．55％，正常对照组18％。经统计学处理，哮喘组、过敏性鼻炎组与正常儿组间有显性差异（P＜0．005），哮喘组与过敏性鼻炎组间无显性差异（P＞0．05）；尘螨阳性纺在哮喘组与过敏性鼻炎组均随年龄增长而增长，呈明显正相关。结论：通过该检测结果说明哮喘组与过敏性鼻炎间有密切的相关性，提示鼻科和呼吸内科医师应协作治疗，这将有利于对呼吸道疾病做出整体评估和处理。     

哮喘儿童皮肤过敏原点刺试验检测分析

目的:了解本地区哮喘患儿的过敏原,为预防和治疗儿童哮喘提供依据。方法:对自2002年1月～2006年1月在上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院门诊就诊和住院的哮喘患儿,采用德国Allergopharma公司国际标准化的变应原试剂12种,进行过敏原皮肤点刺试验,并对其年龄、性别、不同过敏原皮肤点刺试验阳性率等资料进行比较分析。结果:哮喘过敏原皮试阳性率婴幼儿低于儿童;同一患儿多种过敏原皮试同时阳性比例明显高于单种过敏原皮试阳性;过敏原皮试阳性率以尘螨的阳性率最高,其中屋尘螨247例(77.67%),粉尘螨245例(77.04%),最少为杂草2例(0.63%)。结论:尘螨是本地区引起儿童哮喘的主要过敏原,但其对婴幼儿的影响较儿童小;哮喘患儿往往同时存在多种过敏原同时阳性;皮肤过敏原点刺试验对患儿痛苦小,易于操作,可用于临床进行过敏原的检测。     

蟑螂过敏原引发哮喘的防治研究

目的:了解蟑螂过敏原引发哮喘的作用机制,探寻蟑螂引发哮喘的防治方法。方法:对全市8家医院的呼吸科,儿科的哮喘病例80例进行问卷调查和蟑螂抗原皮肤点刺试验。结果:哮喘患者对蟑螂抗原的反应性的相关性是显著的,其与阳性也是显著相关的(P<0.001),其阳性比率为40.0%,成人阳性比率为45.0%,儿童阳性比率为35.0%,男性阳性比率为56.25%,女性阳性比率为47.5%。结论:蟑螂是哮喘患者主要变应原之一,一般成人的阳性比率比儿童高,男性比女性高。免疫治疗和灭蟑是蟑螂过敏原引发哮喘主要有效的防治方法。     

深圳特区变应性鼻炎患者螨与蟑螂过敏原体外检测与分析

目的探讨深圳特区变应性鼻炎患者血清中螨和蟑螂过敏原特异性免疫球蛋白E(sIgE)的情况及其相互关系。方法采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)对该院1998~2010年就诊于耳鼻咽喉科门诊的1 935例患者进行血清过敏原体外检测。结果在变应性鼻炎患者中,对尘螨过敏的具有极高的阳性率,蟑螂过敏也有较强的阳性率,血清中的sIgE值尘螨显著高于蟑螂(P<0.01)。结论尘螨和蟑螂均为引起变应性鼻炎最主要的过敏原之一,尤其是尘螨,预防和治疗研究工作的重点应当是这些过敏原。     

Indoor Allergen Levels and Household Distributions in Nine Cities Across China

Objective Chinese allergic subjects have high levels of sensitization to house dust mite (HDM) and other indoor allergens. This study quantifies common indoor allergen levels in Chinese households.
Methods Dust samples were collected from nine cities. Major allergens Der p 1 and Der f 1 from Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and D. farinae, and specific antigens of Blomia tropicalis, Tyrophagus putrescentiae, Acarus siro, and cockroach species Blattella germanica and Periplaneta americana were measured by ELISA.
Results HDM allergens were found in dust samples from bedding in 95% of the Chinese households. The median levels varied from <0.006 to 9.2 μg/g of dust, depending on the city. The percentages of households having HDM allergen levels associated with the risk of developing allergy sensitization and asthma were 65% and 25%, respectively. Specific antigens of the storage mite and cockroach were only found in samples from the southern and tropical regions of China. Levels of mite allergens were generally higher in samples from bedding compared to samples from the living room, even for storage mites, whereas levels of cockroach antigens were higher in the living room samples.
Conclusion HDM allergens are present in bedding dust samples from most Chinese households. Cities in southern and central China have relatively high levels of HDM major allergens compared to cities in northern and western China. Antigens of storage mites and cockroaches are not as common as HDM allergens.     

Prevalence of sensitivity to cockroach allergens and IgE cross- reactivity between cockroach and house dust mite allergens in Chinese patients with allergic rhinitis and asthma

Background Cockroaches are an important indoor allergen source causing allergic rhinitis and asthma. The aim of this study was to investigate the cockroach prevalence in mainland of China and the cross-reactivity of IgE between cockroach and house dust mite allergen in Chinese patients.Methods The cockroach sensitization pattern was based on a skin prick test （SPT） obtained from a national multicenter prevalence study, in which 6304 patients from 25 allergy centers across China participated. Factors, including different regions of China, age, gender and the correlations between the American and German cockroaches and house dust mite Der p were investigated. Eighteen out of 1236 clinical sera from south China were selected to perform the cross-inhibition assay between house dust mites and cockroaches.Results Totally 25.7% of patients were SPT positive to the American cockroach （Periplaneta Americana, Per a） and 18.7% SPT positive to the German cockroach （Blattella germanica, Bla g）. The prevalence of positive cockroach SPT was higher in southern than in northern China, higher in adults than in children, and higher in males than in females.Patients had relatively low levels of cockroach SPT reactions, mainly class 1 or 2. Of the SPT positive cockroach patients,88% were also SPT positive to house dust mite （Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Der p）. An IgE cross-inhibition study confirmed that Der P sensitization could cause false positive SPT reactions against cockroach.Conclusions A relatively high prevalence of cockroach sensitivity was found in mainland of China. However, a cross-inhibition study showed that only a small number of patients appear to have Bla g and/or Per a as primary sensitizing source. The importance of cockroaches as a risk factor for sensitization and triggers of allergic symptoms in mainland of China needs to be further investigated.     

天门地区变应性鼻炎吸入性变应原皮肤点刺试验结果分析

目的：了解天门地区变应性鼻炎患者的变应原种类、分布情况。方法用11种变应原对天门地区变应性鼻炎疑诊患者行皮肤点刺试验,详细采集病史资料。结果710例（87％）患者变应原呈阳性反应,阳性率相对较高的变应原依次为屋尘螨、粉尘螨、无爪热带螨、德国小蠊及狗毛皮屑,单一的变应原反应阳性者少,多数为2种或2种以上发生变应原阳性反应,其中大多数是螨类,男女差异无统计学意义,儿童组与成人组变应原阳性率有统计学意义。结论天门地区变应性鼻炎的主要变应原为螨类,男女之间阳性率无明显差异,儿童阳性率高于成人。     

茂名市2009年度蟑螂密度监测及侵害现况的调查研究

目的了解茂名市区2009年蟑螂密度的季节性消长和侵害状况,为蟑螂防制提供科学依据。方法用蟑螂盒粘捕法进行调查监测。结果在各类环境中共捕获蟑螂379只,其中德国小蠊345只,美洲大蠊34只,平均侵害率为17.84%,密度为0.53只/盒。结论茂名市区蟑螂种群构成只有德国小蠊和美洲大蠊,其中以德国小蠊为主,构成比为91.03%;侵害环境类型以农贸市场和餐饮业为主。应进一步加强德国小蠊和美洲大蠊的防治效果研究,保障人们的健康。     

石家庄地区变应性鼻炎患者变应原检测分析

目的 分析石家庄地区变应性鼻炎患者变应原种类和分布特点.方法 对石家庄地区的422例变应性鼻炎患者进行皮肤点刺试验,观察患者对16种标准化吸入性变应原的过敏反应情况.结果 422例鼻炎患者中的368例患者至少对1种以上的变应原呈阳性反应,阳性率87.20%,其中屋尘螨、粉尘螨、艾蒿花粉、大豚草花粉阳性率排在前4位.变应原分布无性别差异,儿童对尘螨及夏秋花粉的阳性程度显著高于成人.结论 尘螨和花粉是石家庄地区变应性鼻炎患者主要的变应原,为石家庄地区变应性鼻炎的治疗和预防提供了依据.     

五岁以下哮喘儿童变应原的检测及临床意义

目的了解年幼儿哮喘常见变应原,为有效避免变应原及早期干预治疗提供依据。方法选择在海南省人民医院儿童哮喘防治中心治疗的5岁以下哮喘儿童468例,使用丹麦爱尔开-阿贝优公司的吸入组点刺试剂进行皮肤点刺试验,对其中251例哮喘患儿定量检测血清中变应原特异性IgE抗体水平。结果 468例哮喘患儿体内过敏原（皮肤点刺试验）阳性率为66%,尘螨皮试阳性率最高且强阳性率（＋＋＋—＋＋＋＋）也最高,其中屋尘螨及粉尘螨分别为87.4%及86.3%,热带螨为66.3%,德国小蠊及美洲大蠊分别为26.7%及19.9%。动物皮毛中,以狗毛为主（20.1%）,猫毛次之（12.4%）。251例体外变应原检测阳性率为57.8%,其中仍以屋尘螨阳性率（63.25%）最高,粉尘螨（58.6%）次之,狗上皮为15.9%。食物组中蛋清为9.3%、花生为4.3%、苹果为3.1%,分居前3。结论哮喘儿童皮肤点刺试验有较高的变应原检出率,屋尘螨、粉尘螨、热带螨是海南儿童哮喘最常见的吸入变应原,蟑螂、狗毛、猫毛等变应原也不容忽视。食入性过敏原检出率低,其对儿童哮喘的影响远低于吸入变应原。     

铜陵地区儿童呼吸道过敏性疾病的变应原谱研究

目的分析铜陵地区儿童呼吸道过敏性疾病的变应原谱特征,为本地区儿童常见过敏性疾病的防治提供科学依据。方法选择患有儿童哮喘和(或)变应性鼻炎、特应性皮炎等患儿50例,男性31例,女性19例,平均年龄(6.32±3.13)岁。所有对象均选用20种变应原进行皮肤点刺试验,以组胺作阳性对照,生理盐水作阴性对照。结果铜陵地区吸入性变应原以粉尘螨的阳性率最高为84%,其次是户尘螨阳性率82%、猫毛和狗上皮阳性率54%。食入性过敏原以海虾的阳性率最高62%,其次为牛肉和鸡蛋黄阳性率58%、花生阳性率56%。儿童哮喘、变应性鼻炎、特应性皮炎患儿均以尘螨类过敏最为常见。结论过敏性因素是儿童过敏性疾病的重要诱发因素,铜陵地区最常见的变应原是尘螨类、狗猫皮毛类和海虾、牛肉,可通过皮肤点刺试验明确过敏原,有助于对儿童常见呼吸道过敏性疾病进行早期诊断及早期干预。     

Trends of sensitization pattern to aeroallergens among the patients with allergic rhinitis and/or bronchial asthma in Bangalore: A cross sectional study

BackgroundAllergic rhinitis (AR) is rather erroneously viewed as a trivial disease. It is a chronic or recurrent allergen-specific, IgE-mediated inflammation that primarily affects the membrane lining the nose. However, due to the united airway concept, it is also found to be associated with bronchial asthma. AR commonly remains underdiagnosed or misdiagnosed and thus, leads to either undertreatment or inappropriately prolonged medication.MethodsFour hundred adults having allergic rhinitis and/or bronchial asthma, fulfilling the criteria as per Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) guidelines, underwent skin prick test (SPT). Those having rhinitis due to nonallergic causes were excluded. SPT was carried out using a customized panel of 21 aeroallergens. The result was compared with the reaction of histamine, which was taken as a positive control.ResultsMajority of 228 (58.02%) of the patients showed a positive reaction to the tested panel of allergens. However, 165 (41.98%) showed no reaction to the tested panel of allergens can be due to various factors like reduced skin sensitivity, antihistaminic medications, etc.ConclusionSkin prick test accurate test for determining offending allergens in allergic conditions. House dust mites (41%) were the most common offending aeroallergen among patients with allergic rhinitis and/or bronchial asthma residing in Bangalore. The identification of offending aeroallergens have helped patients in avoiding unnecessary medications, take appropriate preventive measures or plan appropriate immunotherapy.