红毛五加多糖对辐射损伤小鼠的保护作用及其机制

目的研究红毛五加多糖（AGP）对辐射损伤小鼠的保护作用及其机制。方法小鼠腹腔注射（ip）AGP125—250ms／kg，^60Coγ射线全身均匀照射，观察小鼠30d存活率，检测AGP对外周血WBC、PLT、网织红细胞数、骨髓有核细胞数、血清ALT、AST、SOD、全血GSH-PX活性、血清和肝MDA含量以及肝、脾DNA、RNA含量的影响。结果辐射损伤后小鼠体重减轻、脱毛明显、尾部出现多个出血斑，30d存活率明显降低；外周血WBC、PLT、网织红细胞数、骨髓有核细胞数明显减少，ALT、AST活性增强，SOD、GSH-PX活性降低，MDA含量增加，DNA、RNA含量减少。AGP可促进上述指标的恢复。结论AGP对辐射损伤小鼠有明显保护作用，其机理可能与抗氧化作用及减轻DNA、RNA损伤有关。     

复方鱼腥草口服液对辐射损伤小鼠免疫功能及细胞遗传学的影响

目的：观察复方鱼腥草口服液对辐射损伤后小鼠免疫功能和细胞遗传学的影响。方法：将小鼠随机分为空白对照组,模型组,刺五加阳性对照组,复方鱼腥草口服液21．50,10．75g.kg^-1组,ig,15d,^60Coγ射线致伤,通过迟发型细胞免疫SRBC－DTH试验和体外溶血空斑（PFC）形成功能试验,观察辐射对小鼠免疫功能的影响;通过观察小鼠骨髓细胞染色体畸变和骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核率,研究对小鼠细胞遗传学的影响。结果：复方鱼腥草口服液21．50,10．75g.kg^-1均能显著提高小鼠细胞免疫SRBC－DTH（P＜0．05）,和溶血空斑形成能力（P＜0．01）;显著降低辐射诱发的染色体畸变率（P＜0．01）,和细胞微核率（P＜0．05）。结论：复方鱼腥草口服液对小鼠的辐射损伤有很好的防治作用。     

疏肝健脾方对化学性肝损伤小鼠的保护作用

目的研究疏肝健脾方（SGJP）对CCl4诱发的化学肝损伤小鼠的保护作用。方法将小鼠随机分为6组：正常对照组、模型组、疏肝健脾方低剂量组、疏肝健脾方中剂量组、疏肝健脾方高剂量组、阳性药（联苯双酯,BP）组,给药组灌胃给药,每天1次,连续灌胃10d,正常组和模型组用等量的溶媒,于末次给药8h后,除正常组外其余每组腹腔注射0．1％CCl4橄榄油溶液（0．1mL／lOg）复制小鼠化学性肝损伤模型,检测小鼠血清谷氨酸转氨酶（ALT）、天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）、肝脏指数、肝组织超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、丙二醛（MDA）、谷胱甘肽（GSH）含量,HE染色观察肝组织形态学变化。结果疏肝健脾方中、高剂量组能显著抑制小鼠血清ALT、AST活性的升高（P〈0．01）,抑制肝组织MDA含量升高（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）,提高肝组织SOD、GSH活性（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）,降低肝指数（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）,减轻肝脏的病理损伤。结论疏肝健脾方对小鼠化学性肝损伤具有一定的保护作用。     

香菇多糖注射液对慢性低剂量辐射损伤小鼠的防护作用

目的研究香菇多糖对辐射损伤小鼠各脏器的防护作用并探讨其作用机制。方法 5周龄小鼠直线加速器辐射40 d制备慢性低剂量辐射损伤模型,同时用香菇多糖注射液低剂量(SPLE)、高剂量(LPLE)腹腔注射作为实验组。用病理切片法观察小鼠各脏器的病理变化;用试剂盒法检测各组小鼠肝脏中丙二醛(MDA)的含量及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的活性;生化分析法检测各组小鼠血液中谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)含量;血细胞分析仪进行血细胞计数;用外源性脾结节法测脾结节数;取小鼠股骨检测骨髓有核细胞数。结果经辐射后部分小鼠出现脱毛现象;模型组小鼠的肝、脾、胸腺系数,骨髓有核细胞数、脾结节数,肝脏MDA含量,SOD、GSH-Px活性以及血液AST、ALT与香茹多糖低、高剂量组比较均存在统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论香菇多糖具有一定的抗慢性辐射作用,能有效的保护辐射损伤小鼠的脏器。     

三羟异黄酮对照射小鼠造血系统损伤的防护作用

目的　探讨三羟异黄酮 (Genistein)对辐射损伤小鼠造血系统的防护作用。方法　 6 0Gyγ射线全身照射BALB c雄性小鼠 ,分 4组 ,照射前 2 4h给予genistein灌胃 ,观察小鼠照射后 30d存活情况及不同时相点有关造血指标的变化 ,同时HE染色观察骨髓病理学改变。结果　Genistein处理组小鼠骨髓照后损伤较R组轻 ,外周血WBC、骨髓有核细胞数和CFU S下降幅度小且恢复较快(P <0 .0 5 ) ,同时genistein能明显延长辐射损伤小鼠的平均存活天数、提高小鼠 30d存活率 (P <0 0 5 ) ,以上结果均与已烯雌酚处理组相似 ,而且genistein对小鼠脾重系数的恢复也有一定的促进作用 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　Genistein能降低辐射对小鼠造血系统的损伤 ,具有一定的辐射保护作用。     

淫羊藿总黄酮对异烟肼和利福平肝损伤小鼠的保护作用

目的：研究淫羊藿总黄酮对异烟肼和利福平肝损伤的保护作用。方法：异烟肼和利福平造成小鼠肝损伤模型，测定肝脏指数（LI）；血清谷丙转氨酶（SGPT）；肝组织谷丙转氨酶（LGPT）；甘油三酯（TG）；总胆固醇（TC）；丙二醛（MDA）；超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）以及谷胱甘肽（GSH）等指标，采用光镜观察肝脏组织学变化。结果：与异烟肼和利福平模型组比较，经淫羊藿总黄酮（TFE）预防性治疗后，SGPT、LGPT、TG、TC和MDA含量均明显降低（P〈0．05，P〈0．01），SOD活力明显增强（P〈0．05），GSH含量有所升高时。通过病理学切片观察，TFE能明显改善肝组织的病理变化。结论：TFE对异烟肼和利福平造成的小鼠肝损伤具有保护作用。     

L-谷氨酰胺对次声致大鼠记忆障碍的防护效应及部分机制

目的探讨L-谷氨酰胺（L—Gin）对次声暴露下大鼠记忆能力、脑组织超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性和丙二醛（MDA）含量的影响。方法将60只雄性sD大鼠随机分为正常对照组、次声组、次声＋药物组、药物一次声组,分别将次声组、次声＋药物组、药物一次声组暴露于16Hz、130dB次声环境中,2h／d,正常对照组也置于次声舱内,但期间不给予次声作用。经7d相应处理后,测试大鼠寻找到平台的潜伏期、SOD活性、MDA含量的变化。结果与正常对照组比较,次声组寻找到平台的潜伏期明显延长（P〈0．01）,SOD活性、MDA含量明显升高（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）;次声＋药物组、药物→次声组与次声组比较,潜伏期明显缩短（P〈0．05）,SOD活性升高、MDA含量降低（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。结论L—Gln能够改善大鼠次声性脑损伤的记忆障碍,部分机制与其抗氧化损伤有关。     

依达拉奉在鼠氧自由基心肌损害和人病毒性心肌炎中的抗氧化作用研究

目的研究依达拉奉在鼠氧自由基（OFR）心肌损害和人病毒性心肌炎（VMS）中的抗氧化作用。方法通过检测大鼠心肌细胞培育液的心肌细胞存活力（CMV）,超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）,丙二醛（MDA）,肌钙蛋白T（cTnT）指标以对比依达拉奉、维生素C和辅酶Q10对经氧自由基预处理的心肌细胞的保护作用。检测治疗前后血清SOD,MDA,cTnT指标以对比依迭拉奉、维生素C和辅酶Q10对VMS患者的治疗作用。结果（1）大鼠实验示：依达拉奉组CMV高于维生素C组（P〈0．0．5）和辅酶Q10组（P〈0．05）,SOD活性高于维生素C（P〈0．05）;MDA低于维生素C组（P〈0．05）及辅酶Q10组（P〈0．05）;cTnT低于维生素C组（P〈0．05）及辅酶Q10组（P〈0．05）。（2）VMS研究示：经治疗,依达拉奉组患者SOD活性上升高于维生素C组及辅酶Q10组（均为P〈0．05）;MDA和cTnT下降高于维生素C组及辅酶Q10组（MDA均为P〈0．01,cTnT均为P〈0．05）。结论依达拉奉在鼠OFR心肌损害和VMS的抗氧化治疗中有明显效果。     

心肌梗死患者溶栓治疗前后自由基与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量测定的意义

目的：探讨急性心肌梗死（AMI）患者溶栓前后HDL-c、一氧化氮（NO）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、丙二醛（MDA）的含量变化及临床意义。方法：测定50例健康人和50例AMI患者溶栓前及溶栓后1、2、3、24h血清中HDL-c、NO、SOD和MDA的含量。结果：与正常对照组比较，溶栓前MDA、NOS含量明显升高，HDL-c、NO和SOD含量明显降低（P〈0．05）。溶栓后1～3h与对照组相比较，MDA含量持续升高，NOS含量也保持较高水平，而HDL-c、NO和SOD含量依旧较低（P〈0．05）。MDA高峰出现在溶栓后2h，而NO和SOD的低谷恰好也出现在溶栓后2h溶栓24h后NOS含量下降，而HDL-c、NO和SOD含量开始升高但与对照组比较仍差异显著（P〈0．05）。结论：AMI后溶栓1～3h内NOS和MDA明显升高，HDL-c、NO和SOD明显下降，这些指标的变化反应了内皮血管细胞受损程度，为临床早期诊断、治疗提供了有力的依据和帮助。     

褐藻糖胶对60Co-γ 射线照射小鼠造血系统的辐射防护作用研究简

目的观察褐藻糖胶对^60Co-γ射线照射小鼠体内造血系统的辐射防护作用。方法以BALB／c小鼠进行体内照射,一次性全身照射前腹腔注射给予褐藻糖胶3d,测定脾指数、脾脏内部结构以及内源性脾结节数（7．5Gy）、骨髓有核细胞计数（6．0Gy）、外周血象（5．5Gy）。结果小鼠体内造血系统实验显示7．5Gy^60Co-γ照射后,各给药照射组的脾指数及内源性脾结节数明显较对照组增多,中剂量照射组的脾脏大小以及脾脏内部组织结构均比对照组有显著的差别;6．0Gy^60Co-γ照射后,小鼠骨髓有核细胞数较正常对照组相比差异非常显著（P〈0．01）,各给药照射组与照射对照组比较,均高于照射对照组（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）：5．5Gy^60Co-γ照射后30d,小鼠外周血象测定中各给药照射组白细胞数明显高于对照组（P〈0．01）,而外周血红细胞、血红蛋白和血小板无明显影响。结论褐藻糖胶对^60Co-γ射线照射引起的小鼠造血系统损伤有保护作用。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.