^125I粒子治疗对肝癌细胞凋亡及细胞周期的影响

^125I粒子低剂量率连续照射肝癌细胞,能明显上调细胞Bax表达,降低Bcl-2表达,同时明显诱导细胞凋亡的发生,且细胞周期发生再分布,照射后细胞被阻滞在对辐射相对敏感的G2-M和S期。研究结果表明,^125I粒子连续照射能够通过诱导凋亡的途径,明显杀伤肿瘤细胞。     

125I粒子持续低剂量率照射对人前列腺癌细胞的抑制作用

目的探讨^125I粒子持续低剂量率照射对人前列腺癌细胞株（PC3）增殖抑制以及对细胞周期的影响。方法^125I粒子（初始剂量率2.77cGy/h）和^60Coγ射线（吸收剂量率2.215Gy/min）对体外培养的PC3细胞进行0、0.5、1、1.5、2、4、6和8Gy照射,用细胞计数、锥虫蓝染色和集落形成法检测细胞增殖、细胞活力和细胞存活率的情况;用单击多靶模型拟合剂量存活曲线;用流式细胞仪检测细胞周期。结果随着照射剂量的增加,^125I粒子照射组的细胞生长比^60Coγ射线组更加明显地受到抑制（P〈0.05）。^125I粒子照射PC3细胞D0值为2.243,Dq为0.87,N为1.618,SF2为0.5。^60Co照射组PC3细胞放射生物学参数D0值为2.824,Dq为1.08,N为1.587,SF2为0.7。^60Co和125I粒子的RBE比值为1.4。与空白对照组相比,^125I粒子组和^60Co组4Gy照射细胞24h后均出现G2期阻滞。结论^125I粒子照射能抑制人前列腺癌细胞的增殖并能使PC3细胞阻滞于G2期。     

125I粒子对前列腺癌PC-3移植瘤bcl-2、bax基因表达和细胞凋亡的影响

目的 探讨125I粒子持续低剂量率照射对前列腺癌PC-3移植瘤bel-2、bax基因表达和细胞凋亡的影响.方法 利用2枚37 MBq 125I粒子模型对前列腺癌PC-3移植瘤裸鼠进行48,96和192 h照射,用免疫组织化学方法分析bcl-2和bax基因表达情况.用原位末端标记(TUNEL)法检测凋亡率.凋亡率和bax/bcl-2比值之间的相关性采用线性相关分析.统计学处理采用SPSS 11.0软件.结果 125I粒子持续低剂量率照射48 h后bcl-2表达下降到4.00±2.00,与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(t=2.500,P=0.067);96和192 h后bcl-2表达分别下降到2.67±1.16和3.00±1.00,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(t=4.950,3.464;P=0.008,0.026).bax表达分别上升到11.33±2.89,8.67±1.16和8.67±1.16,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(t=3.334,4.025,5.292;P值分别为0.029,0.016和0.006).125I粒子持续低剂量率照射48 h组PC-3细胞凋亡率为22.3%,与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.404);照射96和192 h组凋亡率增加到21.7%和30.7%,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.016,0.036).各照射组之间凋亡率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).125I粒子持续低剂量率照射Pc-3细胞凋亡率和bax/bcl-2比值呈正相关(r=0.784,P=0.012).结论 125I粒子持续低剂量率照射可使PC-3细胞bcl-2表达下降,bax表达上升,诱导凋亡增加,而凋亡率与bax/bcl-2比值呈正相关.125I粒子对肿瘤细胞的抑制可能通过bcl-2、bax途径诱导细胞凋亡而发挥作用.     

~(125)I粒子治疗对肝癌细胞凋亡及细胞周期的影响

~(125)I粒子低剂量率连续照射肝癌细胞,能明显上调细胞Bax表达,降低Bcl-2表达,同时明显诱导细胞凋亡的发生,且细胞周期发生再分布,照射后细胞被阻滞在对辐射相对敏感的G_2-M和S期.研究结果表明,~(125)I粒子连续照射能够通过诱导凋亡的途径,明显杀伤肿瘤细胞.     

125I粒子持续低剂量率照射和60Co γ射线高剂量率照射对H1299细胞生物学效应的比较研究

目的：探讨125I粒子持续低剂量率（CLDR）内照射和60Co γ射线高剂量率（HDR）外照射对非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）细胞株H1299的细胞生物学效应。方法 H1299细胞处于指数生长期时分别行125I粒子CLDR照射和60Coγ射线HDR照射;克隆形成实验检测细胞存活分数,流式细胞术检测细胞周期和细胞凋亡率,Western blot检测Bax、Bcl-2蛋白表达水平。结果随着照射剂量增大,125I粒子CLDR照射比60Coγ射线HDR照射抑制H1299细胞增殖效应更明显。照射剂量为4 Gy时125I粒子组H1299细胞G2/M期百分比、细胞凋亡率分别为21．77±0．31%、13．79±0．50%;同样照射剂量下,60Co照射组H1299细胞G2/M期百分比仅为18．85±0．99%,细胞凋亡率仅为8．79±0．22%（P<0．05）。125I粒子CLDR照射明显上调Bax蛋白表达,同时下调Bcl-2蛋白表达。结论125I粒子CLDR内照射比60Coγ射线HDR外照射抑制H1299细胞增殖效应更明显。 Bcl-2/Bax蛋白比失衡在125I粒子CLDR照射抗肿瘤效应中可能发挥重要作用。     

不同照射方式对结直肠癌CL187细胞的抑制作用和分子机制初探

目的 研究单次、分次和125Ⅰ粒子持续低剂量率照射对结直肠癌CL187细胞生物学效应的影响.方法 实验分高剂量率单次照射组(400 cGy/min,单次组)、分次照射组(2 Gy/次/d,400 cGy/min,分次组)和125Ⅰ粒子持续低剂量率照射组(2.77 cGy/h,125Ⅰ组).3组细胞照射0、2、4和8 Gy后,24和48 h进行细胞计数和锥虫蓝染色,比较细胞总数和细胞存活率的差异.利用克隆形成实验比较3组细胞增殖能力的差异.通过流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡.蛋白免疫印迹法分析PHLPP2、PTEN和Bax蛋白表达的变化.结果 与单次组和分次组相比,125Ⅰ组细胞总数减少(t=34.28和29.48,P＜0.05)、存活细胞比例减少(t=-12.38和-14.61,P＜0.05),细胞克隆形成能力下降,相对生物学效应是1.41.照射后48 h细胞凋亡检测发现125Ⅰ组细胞凋亡比例增加(t=-15.08和-11.99,P＜0.05).蛋白免疫印迹法检测发现125Ⅰ组Bax表达量升高,PHLPP2和PTEN的表达量3组间差异无统计学意义.结论 单次、分次和持续低剂量率照射后细胞PHLPP2蛋白表达水平均升高,但剂量率的高低并不影响其表达水平.不同方式照射后,凋亡相关蛋白Bax的表达水平上升,125Ⅰ组升高更加明显,125Ⅰ持续低剂量粒子照射可能通过影响凋亡相关蛋白Bax的表达水平实现对结直肠癌CL187细胞的杀伤作用.     

金纳米棒联合125I粒子诱导肝癌HepG2细胞凋亡的实验研究

目的探讨叶酸偶联二氧化硅包覆的金纳米棒(GNRs@Si O2-FA)联合125I粒子诱导肝癌Hep G2细胞凋亡及其可能的机制,为临床提高肝癌125I粒子组织间植入疗效提供理论依据。方法将体外培养的肝癌Hep G2细胞随机分成空白对照组,单纯金纳米棒组,单纯125I粒子照射组及金纳米棒联合125I粒子照射组,采用流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡情况,PT-PCR检测bax m RNA、bcl-2 m RNA表达水平,免疫细胞化学检测凋亡相关基因bax、bcl-2表达水平及肿瘤细胞核增殖性抗原Ki67表达情况。结果流式细胞仪检测4组肝癌Hep G2细胞凋亡率,单纯金纳米棒组、单纯125I粒子照射组较空白对照组均有升高(P<0.05);联合组较单纯金纳米棒组和单纯125I粒子照射组明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。联合组bax m RNA表达明显高于单纯金纳米棒组与单纯125I粒子照射组,bcl-2 m RNA表达明显低于单纯金纳米棒组与单纯125I粒子照射组。肝癌Hep G2细胞bax表达于胞质,bcl-2表达于胞质和胞膜,Ki67表达于胞核,均表现为棕黄色细颗粒状沉淀。4组肝癌Hep G2细胞凋亡相关基因bax、bcl-2及增殖核抗原Ki67蛋白表达量比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);联合组较单纯金纳米棒组和单纯125I粒子照射组Bax蛋白阳性表达率明显升高,Bcl-2、Ki67蛋白阳性表达率明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论金纳米棒与125I粒子联合应用能更有效增加肝癌细胞凋亡率,其机制可能是通过增加Bax蛋白的表达,抑制Bcl-2蛋白的表达来实现。     

125I粒子和60Co γ射线照射对A549及BEAS-2B细胞生物学效应的影响

目的 探讨¹²⁵I粒子和⁶⁰Co γ射线对非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)A549细胞和正常支气管上皮BEAS-2B细胞生物学效应的影响。方法 A549、BEAS-2B细胞均行¹²⁵I粒子和⁶⁰Co γ射线不同剂量照射;集落形成实验检测细胞存活分数;流式细胞术检测细胞周期和细胞凋亡率;Western blot检测凋亡相关蛋白的表达水平。结果 A549细胞在4、6、8 Gy照射时,¹²⁵I粒子组细胞克隆存活分数较⁶⁰Co组降低更明显(t=6.06、9.42、4.90,P<0.05)。A549细胞在4 Gy时,G₁期细胞比例¹²⁵I粒子组为70.67%±1.49%,⁶⁰Co组为59.59%±0.71%(t=10.77,P<0.05);细胞凋亡率¹²⁵I粒子组为18.09%±0.73%,⁶⁰Co组为9.81%±0.16%(t=19.40,P<0.05)。¹²⁵I粒子照射明显上调Bax、cleaved Caspase-3蛋白的表达,同时下调Bcl-2蛋白的表达。但不同射线同一剂量或相同射线不同剂量下,BEAS-2B细胞的凋亡率及凋亡相关蛋白的表达无明显变化。结论 ¹²⁵I粒子持续低剂量率照射较⁶⁰Co γ射线高剂量率照射抑制A549细胞增殖的效应更明显。Bcl-2/Bax蛋白比失衡,最终致Caspase-3蛋白的活化在¹²⁵I粒子持续低剂量率照射抑制肿瘤细胞增殖的效应中可能发挥重要的作用。     

白藜芦醇的辐射防护及其分子机理的研究

目的 研究白藜芦醇（RES）对受照射小鼠的辐射防护作用及其分子作用机理。方法 采用^60Coγ射线照射小鼠模型，观察小鼠30d存活和残废动物存活时间。用原位末端标记法观察受照射小鼠脾细胞凋亡，流式细胞仪检测脾细胞凋亡率和凋亡相关蛋白的表达水平，同时检测脾细胞内凋亡相关酶活性大小。结果 照射前给予RES能明显提高受照射小鼠的存活率，延长死亡动物存活时间。RES能明显抑制受照射小鼠脾细胞凋亡，提高Bcl-2表达水平，对于Fas表达无明显影响，同时脾细胞内的Caspase-3和Caspase-8活性明显升高。结论 RES具有明显的辐射防护途径，其作用机理与抑制加速器射敏感细胞的细胞凋亡有关。     

125I粒子对Hela细胞杀伤作用的实验研究

目的观察体外Hela细胞在^125I粒子照射下细胞凋亡和增殖的规律，探讨^125I粒子对肿瘤的杀伤作用。方法用^125I粒子照射Hela细胞，用不同的方法观察不同剂量和时间点细胞的增殖反应及形态变化。结果受照射细胞发生凋亡，于Ⅱb期出现凋亡小体；细胞凋亡率随累积剂量的增加而增加，于5Gy时出现凋亡率峰值；细胞克隆形成率显著下降，与凋亡形成呈反向关系。并有反剂量率效应。结论^125I粒子对肿瘤的治疗作用可能为早期抑制肿瘤细胞增殖，晚期使肿瘤细胞大量凋亡。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.