hPARP-1基因cDNA翻译起始区域的T载体克隆

目的 克隆及构建含限制性内切酶位点BamHⅠ、SacⅠ的人聚腺苷二磷酸核糖聚合酶-1(hPARP-1)基因cDNA翻译起始区域的pGEM-T-S载体，为以后的亚克隆和毒理学研究提供实验材料。方法 采用RT-PCR方法，用正常人胚肺成纤维细胞(HLF)抽提的总RNA逆转录成cDNA，再以cDNA为模板，扩增hPARP-1基因片段，并直接与T载体连接后转化大肠埃希菌DH5α，用蓝(白)斑试验筛选出阳性克隆，抽提重组质粒并进行PCR及酶切鉴定，再行序列分析。结果 经RT-PCR获得507bp含限制性内切酶位点的阳性产物，T载体克隆、PCR及酶切鉴定和序列分析后证实，克隆片段与Genbank中该基因的序列同源性为99．9％。结论 该实验成功地构建了含hPAR-1基因cDNA翻译起始区域的T载体克隆，为亚克隆及缺陷细胞株的建立提供工具。     

含MGMT及增强荧光蛋白真核表达载体的构建

目的 克隆O^6-甲基鸟嘌呤-DNA甲基转移酶（MGMT）基因,测序鉴定正确后构建含增强荧光蛋白（EGFP）的真核表达载体.方法 利用RT-PCR从人正常肝细胞中克隆MGMT并与克隆载体pGEM-T载体相连接.经PCR、酶切及测序鉴定证明克隆成功后用限制性内切酶切下MG-MT片段,同时酶切载体pIRES2-EGFP.凝胶纯化回收后重组构建真核表达载体并鉴定.结果 测序结果显示所克隆的编码序列与GeneBank公布MGMT cDNA序列一致.真核表达载体的PCR及酶切鉴定结果与预期结果一致.结论 成功克隆了耐药基因MGMT并构建了含EGFP编码序列的真核表达载体pIRES2-MGMT-EGFP,为MGMT的进一步相关研究奠定了坚实基础.     

Tet-on系统调控的人端粒酶催化亚单位基因腺病毒表达载体的构建和鉴定

目的构建和鉴定Tet-on系统调控的人端粒酶催化亚单位基因腺病毒表达载体。方法用EcoRⅠ从pGRN145质粒上切下约3.5kb的人端粒酶全长cDNA片段,然后连于pTRE-shuttle2质粒的EcoRⅠ酶切位点,经EcoRⅠ酶切鉴定。亚克隆重组质粒片段于腺病毒载体Adeno-XTM,构建重组Adeno-X-hTERT,以PI-SceⅠ和I-CeuⅠ双酶切、聚合酶链反应(PCR)以及进一步测序鉴定其方向。结果重组质粒经EcoRⅠ酶切后得到预期的3.5、0.88、3.55kb大小的3条片段,重组腺病毒载体经PI-SceⅠ和I-CeuⅠ双酶切,出现预期32.6、5.09kb片段,与理论计算值完全一致,PCR及测序结果进一步确认了结构与方向的正确性。结论成功构建了Tet-on系统调控人端粒酶催化亚单位基因hTERT的重组腺病毒表达载体。     

DSB修复基因hKu70反义RNA真核表达载体构建

目的 构建人DNA双链断裂（DSB）修复基因hKu70反义RNA真核表达载体pEGFP-C1-K，为以后的hKu70基因功能和毒理学研究提供实验材料。方法 提取人胚肺成纤维细胞（HLF）总RNA，逆转录酶-多聚酶链式反应（RT-PCR）扩增hKu70基因cDNA保守序列，经与pGEM-T载体连接，筛选，克隆，抽提质粒和双酶切后，将纯化的hKu70基因cDNA保守序列反向插入绿色荧光蛋白表达载体pEGFP-C1中，筛选，克隆，抽提质粒，从而构建hKu70基因反义RNA真核表达载体pEGFP-C1-K。结果 经RT-PCR获得467bp含限制性内切酶位点的DNA片段，T载体克隆后经双酶切，测序，确定该片段为hKu70基因cDNA，进而构建反义RNA真核表达载体pEGFP-C1-K，并双酶切，测序确证。结论 成功构建hKu70基因反义RNA真核表达载体pEGFP-C1-K，为建立该基因低表达细胞株，DNA双链断裂修复缺陷和有关毒理学研究提供工具。     

组蛋白去乙酰化酶3真核表达载体的构建和鉴定

目的利用pEGFP-N1真核表达载体构建组蛋白去乙酰化酶3真核表达载体pEGFP-Hdac3,并鉴定其在大鼠肝癌细胞系CBRH-7919中的表达。方法利用大鼠肝脏cDNA为模板,聚合酶链反应(PCR)获取目的基因Hdac3;用HindⅢ、BamH I双酶切真核表达载体pEGFP-N1和目的基因Hdac3,用T4 DNA连接酶连接纯化后的酶切产物;连接产物转化DH5α大肠杆菌感受态细胞并挑选阳性克隆,并通过PCR、双酶切、DNA测序鉴定构建的重组质粒。利用测序正确的重组体转染CBRH-7919细胞,检测Hdac3和PPAR-γ的mRNA表达。结果利用基因克隆技术获得组蛋白去乙酰化酶3的真核表达载体pEGFP-Hdac3重组质粒。PCR,双酶切,DNA测序证实目的基因H-dac3已成功插入pEGFP载体中。用重组质粒转染大鼠肝癌细胞系CBRH-7919后Hdac3 mRNA表达显著升高、而PPAR-γmRNA表达明显降低。结论本研究成功构建了蛋白去乙酰化酶3的真核表达载体pEGFP-Hdac3。     

人白介素24基因重组腺病毒载体的构建与鉴定

目的构建含有人白介素24(hIL-24)基因的重组腺病毒载体,为下一步病理性瘢痕的基因治疗研究奠定实验基础。方法采用基因工程技术将hIL-24基因的cDNA亚克隆至穿梭质粒pAdTrack-CMV上,鉴定正确后在PAdEasy系统中进行细菌内同源重组,通过脂质体将正确重组体包裹并转染293A细胞以包装并扩增病毒。采用酶切及PCR方法对重组腺病毒进行鉴定。结果酶切和PCR结果证实hIL-24基因重组腺病毒载体构建成功并可在293A细胞中表达,病毒滴度达107pfu/ml。结论成功构建了有较强感染能力的含hIL-24基因的重组腺病毒载体。     

人血红素氧合酶-1重组腺病毒的构建与鉴定

目的构建人血红素氧合酶-1(hHO-1)重组腺病毒,用以对供体器官的预处理。方法将人hHO-1cDNA克隆于腺病毒穿梭质粒pSGCMV,得到重组质粒pSGCMV-hHO-1。采用位点特异性重组系统(Cre/Loxp)将pSGCMV-hHO-1与腺病毒骨架载体pBHGloxP△E3通过lipofectamine2000共转染至293细胞,生成带有hHO-1基因的重组腺病毒载体Ad-hHO-1。重组腺病毒质粒在293细胞中扩增,CsCl梯度离心纯化。结果经酶切鉴定和测序证实载体构建的正确性,病毒滴度为2.0×1010pfu/ml。结论成功构建带有hHO-1cDNA的重组腺病毒,用以器官移植时缺血再灌注损伤的基因治疗。     

野生型犬尿氨酸酶表达载体的构建及酶活性检测

目的构建野生型犬尿氨酸酶(KYNU)的真核表达载体,并分析其在HEK293细胞中的表达及其酶活性。方法抽提人肝脏细胞的总RNA,通过反转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)法获得KYNU基因全长cDNA,将野生型KYNU基因克隆到pcDNA载体质粒中,获得野生型pcDNA-KYNU重组表达质粒,经酶切鉴定和测序验证后转染HEK293细胞,用蛋白质印迹法技术检测野生型KYNU在细胞中的表达,用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)检测HEK293细胞表达的野生型KYNU酶蛋白的活性。结果通过测序及酶切鉴定野生型pcDNAKYNU重组表达质粒扩增后的PCR产物电泳结果显示构建成功,蛋白质印迹法结果显示转染有重组野生型cDNA-KYNU质粒的HEK293细胞能表达KYNU蛋白,HPLC结果显示野生型KYNU酶存在活性。结论成功构建野生型pcDNA-KYNU的真核表达载体,野生型重组质粒在HEK293细胞中能够表达KYNU并具有一定的酶活性。     

hMSH2基因cDNA保守区域的T载体克隆及序列分析

目的：构建含限制性内切酶位点PstⅠ、KpnⅠ的hMSH2基因cDNA保守区域的pGEM-T-S载体,比较分析序列的变化,为以后的毒理学研究提供实验材料,方法：从人胚肺成纤维细胞HLF中抽提总RNA进行RT－PCR扩增,直接与T载体连接转化大肠杆蓖DH5α,用蓝／白斑试验筛选阳性克隆,抽提质粒进行酶切鉴定,再行序列分析。结果：经RT－PCR获得631bp含量制性内切酶位点的阳性产物,T载体克隆、酶切鉴定及序列分析后证实,克隆片段与genbank中该基因的序列同源性为99．5％。结论本文成功地构建了含hMSH2基因cDNA保守区域的T载体克隆,该克隆可为DNA错配修复缺陷与致癌关系研究提供工具。     

抗人膀胱癌单克隆抗体重链可变区基因的克隆及原核表达载体的构建

目的 克隆抗人膀胱癌单克隆抗体重链可变区基因(VH),并构建其原核表达载体.方法 从能分泌抗人膀胱癌单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞BDI-1中提取总RNA,通过RT-PCR扩增出VH cDNA,用HindⅢ和XhoⅠ酶切纯化的RT-PCR产物和原核表达载体pET28a( ),在T4 DNA连接酶作用下室温连接.重组质粒经酶切鉴定,阳性克隆测序并进行序列分析.结果 扩增出VH cDNA片段,大小约为370bp,重组质粒的酶切鉴定结果与预期一致.VH基因序列长度为366bp,编码122个氨基酸.VH基因属于鼠免疫球蛋白重链Ⅱ亚类.结论 成功克隆出抗人膀胱癌单克隆抗体重链可变区基因,并成功构建其原核表达载体.     

Preferential induction of CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 in CCSP-positive cells.

Both benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) are potent ligands of aryl hydrocarbon receptors (AhR). Although animal studies indicate that both compounds induce pathological changes in the peripheral lung, the specific cell type involved remains unclear. Clara cells, expressing Clara cell specific protein (CCSP) and abundant in cytochrome P450, are nonciliated bronchiolar epithelial cells in the peripheral lung. Here we explore the hypothesis that CCSP-positive Clara cells are highly responsive to AhR ligands and are the primary cell type involved in BaP- and TCDD-induced toxicities. The responsiveness to AhR ligands was evaluated by measuring the respective mRNA and protein levels of cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) and 1B1 (CYP1B1) using real-time RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry assays. Two in vitro models were used: primary cultures of human small airway epithelial (SAE) cells and rat lung slice cultures. In the presence of calcium, human SAE cells differentiated into CCSP-positive cells. BaP- and TCDD-induced mRNA and protein levels of CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 levels were significantly elevated in CCSP-positive cell cultures. Similarly, AhR mRNA and protein levels were increased in CCSP-positive cell cultures, as determined by real-time RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. When rat lung slice cultures were treated with BaP or TCDD for 24 h, CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 proteins were strongly induced in Clara cells. These results indicate that, in the peripheral lung of both rats and humans, CCSP-positive cells (Clara cells) may be more sensitive to AhR ligands than other cell types.     

有机阴离子转运多肽1B1的遗传药理学进展

人体存在多种类型的药物转运体,对于药物的吸收、分布和排泄起重要作用。参与药物跨膜转运的转运体功能受影响,将可能导致诸多临床药物的疗效、毒副作用甚至药物相互作用的发生。在各种影响因素中,遗传多态性所起的作用最为重要,可导致基因表达和蛋白功能发生改变。目前,阐明转运体基因的多态性以及基因型与表型之间的相互关系已成为应用遗传信息指导临床个体化用药的必要步骤。本文就肝脏有机阴离子转运多肽1B1（OATP1B1[OATP-C],编码基因SLCO1B1）基因多态性对药代动力学和药效动力学的影响及其临床意义等方面的进展作一综述。     

抗癌药细胞色素P450 1B1抑制剂的研究进展

介绍了有关人细胞色素P450 1B1(CYP1B1)抑制剂的研究概况。CYP1B1是一类在导致癌变的雌激素代谢和激活芳香烃化合物致癌性中起重要作用的酶，在正常组织中通常不表达而在许多肿瘤组织中表达活跃，同时对许多抗癌药物的代谢具有重要影响。这表明CYP1B1抑制剂有望成为又一类肿瘤治疗药物。     

Sulfation of resveratrol in human liver: Evidence of a major role for the sulfotransferases SULT1A1 and SULT1E1

Sulfation of resveratrol, a polyphenolic compound present in grapes and wine with anticancer and cardioprotective activities, was studied in human liver cytosol. In the presence of 3′-phosphoadenosine-5′-phosphosulfate, three metabolites (M1–3) whose structures were identified by mass spectrometry and NMR as trans-resveratrol-3-O-sulfate, trans-resveratrol-4′-O-sulfate, and trans-resveratrol-3-O-4′-O-disulfate, respectively. The kinetics of M1 formation in human liver cytosol exhibited an pattern of substrate inhibition with a K_i of 21.3?±?8.73?µM and a V_max/K_m of 1.63?±?0.41?µL?min^?1mg^?1 protein. Formation of M2 and M3 showed sigmoidal kinetics with about 56-fold higher V_max/K_m values for M3 than for M2 (2.23?±?0.14 and 0.04?±?0.01?µL?min^?1?mg^?1). Incubation in the presence of human recombinant sulfotransferases (SULTs) demonstrated that M1 is almost exclusively catalysed by SULT1A1 and only to a minor extent by SULT 1A2, 1A3 and 1E1, whereas M2 is selectively formed by SULT1A2. M3 is mainly catalysed by SULT1A2 and 1A3. In conclusion, the results elucidate the enzymatic pathways of resveratrol in human liver, which must be considered in humans following oral uptake of dietary resveratrol.     

间质作用因子1通过正调控窖蛋白1抑制FBJ-S1-H的迁移性

目的证明间质作用因子(stromal interaction molecule1,Stim1)在FBJ诱导的小鼠骨肉瘤细胞中的抑癌作用。方法在Stim1高表达的FBJ-S1-H细胞采用Stim1以siRNA干扰技术得到Stim1沉默的几株S1-H单克隆细胞株,通过细胞行为学方法和RT-PCR技术对其mRNA进行研究,通过明胶酶谱法对细胞基质金属酶活性进行研究。结果通过细胞行为学方法证明,Stim1的沉默提高了细胞的迁移性,通过对mRNA表达的研究发现,Stim1沉默引起了多种基因表达的变化,其中包括基质金属酶9(matrix mexalloprotelnase 9,MMP-9)的升高,窖蛋白(caveolinl,Cav1),甾醇调控因子Srebf1的降低等,提高单克隆细胞中的Cav1含量可以使细胞迁移性降低。结论实验结果证明在FBJ-S1-H细胞中,Stim1能够抑制细胞的移动性,沉默Stim1的表达能够提高细胞的迁移性。     

Effect of TCDD exposure on CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 expression in explant cultures of human endometrium.

Endometriosis is a debilitating disease estimated to affect 10% of reproductive-age women and characterized by the growth of endometrial tissue outside of the uterus. The present study characterizes a human endometrial explant culture model for studying the direct effects of TCDD exposure by assessing the expression of CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 mRNA (Northern blotting), protein (Western blotting), and activity (7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase; EROD) in explants cultured with and without TCDD. Explants were obtained at laparoscopy or laparotomy from women undergoing surgery for tubal ligation, endometriosis, or pelvic pain unrelated to endometriosis. The explants were cultured with 10 nM estradiol (E(2)) or 1 nM E(2) plus 500 nM progesterone (P(4)) with or without TCDD (first 24 h). The expression of CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 mRNA was greatest with 10 nM TCDD and increased up to 72 h after initial exposure. EROD activity increased up to 120 h. Explants from a secretory phase biopsy became reorganized in culture and formed a new epithelial membrane, while maintaining basic endometrial morphology and viability for up to 120 h. At 24 h, TCDD significantly increased CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 mRNA, and at 72 h, TCDD significantly increased EROD activity and CYP1B1 protein compared to explants cultured without TCDD for similar times. CYP1B1 protein also exhibited substantial constitutive expression that was similar in uncultured biopsies, where CYP1B1 protein was immunolocalized in the cytoplasm of epithelial glands, with only occasional patches of protein in the surface epithelial membrane. In explants cultured with and without TCDD exposure, CYP1B1 protein was localized in the cytoplasm of the new surface epithelial membrane and glands closest to the surface. CYP1A1 protein was not detected in uncultured biopsies or explants. Both younger age (age 30 and under) and proliferative phase were associated with higher TCDD-induced EROD activity in specimens treated with E(2):P(4). No significant endometriosis-related differences were observed for any of the biomarkers, but the detection of disease-specific change was limited by small sample size and variability in tissue-cycle phase. The human endometrial explant culture model will be useful for future studies of the effects of dioxin-like compounds on human endometrium in relationship to cycle phase and hormonal exposure.     

内皮素-1与内皮素-1受体拮抗剂

内皮素－1（ET－1）是一种内源性的具有强缩血管活性的肽类物质，参与多种心血管疾病的病理生理过程。ET－1经与ET－1受体结合而发挥作用，多种不同结构类型的ET－1受体拮抗剂对某些心血管疾病均有良好的疗效。本文综述了近年来在ET－1及其受体拮抗剂等方面的研究进展。