带掌长肌腱的静脉皮瓣修复伸肌腱Ⅰ区复合组织缺损

目的:介绍应用带掌长肌腱的静脉皮瓣修复伸肌腱Ⅰ区复合组织缺损的治疗方法。方法:对11例11指中末节指背皮肤及伸肌腱缺损采用同侧前臂静脉皮瓣带掌长肌腱修复,并予以伸肌腱止点重建。结果:11例皮瓣成活,伤口Ⅰ期愈合。皮瓣供区直接缝合,术后随访4～26月,平均8月,手指外形及功能恢复良好。结论:应用静脉皮瓣带掌长肌腱修复伸肌腱Ⅰ区指背皮肤软组织及伸肌腱缺损,同时行伸肌腱止点重建,是Ⅰ期修复指背皮肤软组织及伸肌腱同时缺损的理想方法。     

下肢严重创伤复合组织缺损的急诊修复与重建的经验总结

目的：探讨严重下肢创伤后复合组织缺损修复与重建的有效方法。方法：将下肢创作后皮肤,软组织大面积缺损或合并骨,肌腱,血管缺损,足部缺血或无血的损伤称为“严重损伤”。根据不同组织缺损或损伤情况,设计5种方法进行修复与重建164例。结果：随访5－10年,无1例截肢,其优良率为96．3％。结论：5种修复方法基本能满足严重创伤后各种损伤组织的修复与重建,能保存肢体。     

皮肤软组织扩张术在头面颈部的应用

目的：探讨提高皮肤软组织扩张术修复头面颈部组织器官缺损的手术效果及并发症的防治。方法：采用国产硅橡胶扩张器行皮肤扩张术,修复耳鼻和头面颈部软组织缺损。结果：本组病例除一例因扩张囊外求战导致扩张失败外,其余病例均取得了良好的术后效果。结论：采用皮肤软组织扩张术修复头面颈部皮肤缺损。术后效果明显优于其它方法。     

吻合血管的复合组织瓣移植修复肢体缺损并重建功能

肢体严重创伤后,皮肤软组织缺损或坏死,不仅使骨关节、肌腱、血管神经外露,而且伴有肌肉、肌腱、手指或骨骼的缺损,在修复创面的同时重建肢体的功能较为困难.我们从1996年 10月至 2001年 10月,应用吻合血管的复合组织瓣移植修复肢体组织缺损并重建功能 13例,取得满意疗效,报道如下.     

皮肤扩张术基础研究与临床应用

皮肤软组织扩张术在我国推广应用从１９８５年开始,至今已有１４年了。可以毫不夸张地说,皮肤软组织扩张术为烧伤、创伤瘢痕、肿瘤、缺损的修复重建增添了新的较为满意的方法,有专家将皮肤软组织扩张术称之为８０年代整形外科技术的又一里程碑性的进展。但是,任何一项...     

三步序贯法治疗四肢皮肤软组织缺损合并骨或肌腱外露创面

目的:探讨采用改良VSD技术、皮耐克覆盖、自体皮移植三步序贯法治疗拒绝皮瓣修复的四肢皮肤软组织缺损合并骨或肌腱外露创面的临床疗效。方法:2013年1月至2015年6月,采用三步序贯法治疗18例四肢创伤后皮肤软组织缺损合并骨或肌腱外露创面患者,其中男13例,女5例;年龄23～72岁,平均34.6岁;受伤至手术时间1.5～5.0 h,平均2.5 h。皮肤软组织缺损面积4.2 cm×3.1 cm～7.4 cm×5.2 cm。评估创面恢复情况及取皮创口恢复情况综合评价治疗效果。结果:术后18例患者获得随访,时间5～16个月,平均7.6个月。所有创面深部骨肌腱组织被有效覆盖,人工真皮成活,愈合创面质地韧、外形可;创面移植皮片成活,未见明显瘢痕组织生成,外观平整,皮肤颜色略深于正常皮肤,整体效果满意。结论:采用三步序贯法治疗拒绝皮瓣修复的四肢皮肤软组织缺损合并骨或肌腱外露创面疗效良好,具有操作简单、手术风险及创伤小等优点。     

游离股前外侧皮瓣结合阔筋膜同时修复老年人足背皮肤及肌腱缺损

目的研究游离股前外侧皮瓣结合阔筋膜在修复老年患者足背皮肤软组织缺损伴肌腱缺损中的临床疗效。方法 2013年12月-2015年12月对30例老年足背皮肤软组织缺损、肌腱缺损患者,经急诊清创、外科换药等治疗,Ⅱ期应用游离股前外侧皮瓣修复创面的同时使用不带血运的阔筋膜编织缝合重建趾长伸肌腱、胫前肌腱,术后对皮瓣颜色、质地、感觉、足趾和踝关节活动等情况进行随访。结果皮瓣全部成活,无伤口感染、肌腱液化、脂肪液化,全部病例经12～36个月随访,皮瓣外形、色泽及质地均较满意,穿鞋自如,无垂足、垂趾发生,皮瓣恢复部分保护性感觉。按照Baird-Jackson踝关节功能评分标准:优25例,良4例,可1例,优良率为96.6%。结论应用游离股前外侧皮瓣修复老年人足背皮肤软组织缺损的同时采用不带血运的阔筋膜重建趾长伸肌腱、胫前肌腱,疗效满意,是修复老年患者足背皮肤软组织缺损、肌腱缺损的有效方法 。     

腓骨头瓣联合小腿皮神经营养血管皮瓣移植修复内踝骨及软组织缺损

目的 探讨膝下外侧血管蒂腓骨头瓣联合小腿皮神经营养血管皮瓣移植修复内踝部骨与复合组织缺损的疗效. 方法 根据内踝部骨与复合组织缺损的大小,设计膝下外侧血管蒂腓骨头肌腱瓣移植重建内踝和三角韧带、切取小腿皮神经营养血管皮瓣修复内踝部软组织缺损刨面.临床应用7例,分别因机器绞伤、重物砸伤、撕脱伤所致的开放性创伤.皮肤缺损5cm×6cm～8cm× 16cm.观察术后患者内踝的影像学及功能恢复情况. 结果 7例患者均顺利完成手术,内踝及软组织缺损Ⅰ期修复,术后随访8个月至6年,移植骨及皮瓣愈合良好,踝关节稳定,关节活动正常,内踝部外形好,效果满意. 结论 以膝下外侧血管蒂腓骨头肌腱瓣联合小腿皮神经营养血管皮瓣移植修复内踝部骨与复合组织缺损具有可行性.     

小腿创伤性软组织缺损的修复

小腿严重创伤后，皮肤、软组织缺损、肌腱及骨折端等深部组织外露是临床的常见难题之一。自2000年以来，根据伤情和部位，我院用邻位筋膜皮瓣、肌瓣和肌皮瓣修复小腿创伤性软组织缺损14例，经3个月～2年以上随访观察，小腿外形、功能满意。X线检查，骨折愈合良好。     

小腿及足踝部皮肤软组织缺损的治疗

因组织解剖及功能的特点、车祸及工农业生产的意外事故给小腿及足踝部造成严重而复杂的组织缺损、皮肤软组织大面积挫灭、骨骼、肌腱等深部组织裸露或缺损、其修复和功能重建一直是骨科较为困难和复杂的问题。我科自１９７８年以来，应用传统的游离植皮的方法和吻合血管的...     

Die Filetlappenplastik zur Rekonstruktion ausgedehnter Defekte der oberen Extremität einschließlich Schulterregion

Extensive soft tissue defects of the upper extremities were reconstructed with major fillet flaps in nine patients over a 5-year period at two institutions. Etiologies included trauma and tumor resection. Defect locations were the shoulder ( n=3), combined defects of the shoulder plus neck, arm or chest wall ( n=4) as well as one upper arm and one forearm defect. Seven of nine flaps required microsurgical free tissue transfer. Fillet flaps harvested from amputated parts represent the "spare part" concept, providing coverage of defects without additional donor site morbidity. Unlike the classic "spare part" fillet flap concept, the partial or complete conversion of an anatomically intact arm was performed for the coverage of large defects, especially for tumor reconstruction, in this series. Fillets flaps facilitate reconstruction in difficult and complex cases. Major fillet flaps represent a valuable option for reconstruction in the upper extremities with either pedicled or free tissue transfers involving extensive tissue defects.     

Reconstruction of sternal and abdominal wall defects in a case of desmoid tumor.

A case of desmoid tumor of the anterior chest and abdominal wall is presented. The entire body of the sternum along with the upper abdominal wall and inner parts of both breasts was resected. The resulting defect over the pericardium and abdomen was reconstructed by the omentum and Marlex mesh. The large skin defect was covered by bilateral thoracoabdominal tube pedicles. The patient had a stable chest wall with uncompromised respiratory function 1 week after the operation. Prevention of local recurrences of desmoid tumors requires wide excision of the involved soft tissues and bony structures. The principles of wide resection of soft tissue tumors, reconstruction of the anterior chest and abdominal wall defects, and planning the skin coverage over the resulting defect are discussed.     

Laparoscopic greater omentum harvesting with split-thickness skin grafting for sternal wound dehiscence

Sternal wound dehiscence is a serious complication occasionally requiring soft tissue coverage. The greater omentum typically has been used as a last resort because of the underlying morbidity from a laparotomy. We present a case in which a laparoscopically created omental flap with subsequent split-thickness skin grafting was used to correct a large soft tissue defect that occurred after sternal wound dehiscence developed. A nonambulatory 49-year-old man who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting developed sternal wound dehiscence. Because a large soft tissue defect developed after multiple debridements, soft tissue coverage was required. A laparoscopically harvested omental flap spared this man's upper extremity musculature and provided a soft tissue bed for split-thickness skin grafting. This case helps to establish the role of laparoscopically harvested omentum. If the results suggested by this case are confirmed in a large series, omental flaps should be considered as options of first choice in the management of sternal wound dehiscence.     

多个手指掌指关节平面缺损的再造

目的报道多个手指掌指关节平面缺损再造的临床疗效。方法2003年1月-2010年1月．采用吻合血管的游离双足第2趾及组织瓣移植,治疗多个手指掌指关节平面缺损患者23例．其中1—5指掌指关节缺损11例,2—5指掌指关节缺损12例。且12例伴有不同程度手掌、手背皮肤软组织缺损,缺损面积为3cm×5cm×12cm×15cm。23例患者共计再造32个手指。结果术后再造32指全部成活．1例足背植皮供区部分皮肤坏死,经换药后再次手术植皮创面愈合。经5-25个月（平均10个月）随访．再造手指恢复了抓、捏、对指等功能,再造指及皮瓣感觉恢复S2～S3＋,生活基本自理,、供区行走无明显影响.结论多个手指掌指关节平面的缺损采用游离双足第2趾及组织瓣再造的方法可以重建部分手功能,正确选择手术适应证．可以获得满意的效果。     

股前外侧皮瓣修复伴有骨外露的四肢皮肤软组织缺损

目的探讨游离股前外侧皮瓣修复伴有骨外露的四肢皮肤软组织缺损的临床效果。方法对62例伴有骨外露的四肢皮肤软组织缺损患者进行皮瓣移植,缺损面积6 cm×4 cm~25 cm×15 cm。术前、术中彻底清创受区,切取股前外侧皮瓣修复创面,处理血管危象。结果 62例均获得随访,时间6~12个月。出现血管危象6例,经及时处理后皮瓣恢复血液循环5例,皮瓣坏死1例,成功率为98.39%。结论股前外侧皮瓣供区隐蔽,简便实用,可用于伴有骨外露的四肢皮肤软组织缺损修复。     

Vacuum-assisted closure of a large palmar defect after debriding a midpalmar tuberculous abscess

A rare case of tuberculous deep palmar abscess of the hand was treated with radical excisional debridement, resulting in a large palmar skin and soft tissue defect that was successfully closed with a vacuum dressing followed by split skin grafting. Vacuum dressings are useful adjuncts to treat large soft tissue defects in patients who are unsuitable for complex reconstruction. The moist wound environment prevents desiccation of exposed vital structures and decreases pain, allowing early mobilisation in the hand. The wound granulates and contracts rapidly, allowing earlier skin grafting or faster healing by secondary intention. The closed system vacuum dressing is particularly useful in managing debrided tuberculous soft tissue infections. The dressing is perfectly sealed and requires less frequent changing, decreasing contamination and transmission of tuberculosis to other patients and health care staff, while minimising the risk of secondary nosocomial bacterial infection of the wound.     

获得性耳廓缺损的修复

目的探讨获得性耳廓缺损的手术修复方法。方法采用组织扩张器结合自体肋软骨支架移植或Medpor支架置入、耳赝复体等多种方法进行修复。结果长期随访观察,再造耳廓皮瓣色泽红润、柔软、感觉功能无明显异常;移植耳廓软骨支架无软化、吸收、变形;Medpor支架偶有外露;再造耳廓位置、形态、大小和对侧基本一致;耳赝复体外形佳,固定牢靠。结论组织扩张器结合自体肋软骨支架移植的方法,疗效满意、并发症少,是获得性耳廓缺损的主要治疗方法;组织扩张器结合Medpor支架置入和耳赝复体制作治疗是其有益的补充。     

Lower‐limb reconstruction with chimeric flaps: The quad flap*

Early soft‐tissue coverage is critical for treating traumatic open lower‐extremity wounds. As free‐flap reconstruction evolves, injuries once thought to be nonreconstructable are being salvaged. Free‐tissue transfer is imperative when there is extensive dead space or exposure of vital structures such as bone, tendon, nerves, or blood vessels. We describe 2 cases of lower‐extremity crush injuries salvaged with the quad flap. This novel flap consists of parascapular, scapular, serratus, and latissimus dorsi free flaps in combination on one pedicle. This flap provides the large amount of soft‐tissue coverage necessary to cover substantial defects from skin degloving, tibia and fibula fractures, and soft‐tissue loss. In case 1, a 51‐year‐old woman was struck by an automobile and sustained bilateral tibia and fibula fractures, a crush degloving injury of the left leg, and a right forefoot traumatic amputation. She underwent reconstruction with a contralateral quad free flap. In case 2, a 53‐year‐old man sustained a right tibia plateau fracture with large soft‐tissue defects from a motorcycle accident. He had a crush degloving injury of the entire anterolateral compartment over the distal and lower third of the right leg. The large soft‐tissue defect was reconstructed with a contralateral quad flap. In both cases, the donor site was closed primarily and without early flap failures. There was one surgical complication, an abscess in case 2; the patient was taken back to the operating room for débridement of necrotic tissue. There have been no long‐term complications in either case. Both patients achieved adequate soft‐tissue coverage, avoided amputation, and had satisfactory aesthetic and functional outcomes. With appropriate surgical technique and patient selection, the quad‐flap technique is promising for reconstructing the lower extremity.     

Reconstruction of hand skin defects by microdissected mini anterolataral thigh perforator flaps

SUMMARY: Three cases of traumatic skin defect and two cases of secondary skin defect after releasing scar contractures on the dorsum or palm of the hand, except for the fingers and thumb, were successfully reconstructed with the use of microdissected thin anterolateral thigh perforator flaps. This particular type of reconstruction needs thin, small flap coverage with a reliable blood supply from a long vascular pedicle. Microdissection of the perforator enables the distribution of vessels towards the thin layer of adipose tissue to be identified and the vessel in the deep adipose layer to be used as an additional pedicle vessel. Therefore, a small and thin flap can be elevated accurately with a longer vascular pedicle than is possible with the conventional method of flap elevation.     

Application of VSD technique in adults with chronic osteomyelitis of the extremities combined with soft tissue defects

To investigate the clinical application of vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) in chronic osteomyelitis of the extremities combined with soft tissue defects in adults. This study retrospectively included 32 adult patients with clearly diagnosed chronic osteomyelitis of the extremities combined with local soft tissue defects, and the trauma was covered by VSD after debridement, osteotomy, and vancomycin-laden bone cement filling of the occupancy, and the trauma was covered by selecting a suitable flap transfer repair according to the site and extent of the soft tissue defect after the trauma condition was suitable, and the secondary trauma was taken from the abdominal full-thickness skin free skin slice graft, according to whether the skin graft area was performed. The skin flap hematoma and infection rate, as well as the skin flap survival rate and implant fixation time were compared and analysed between the two groups. The primary outcome is the implant fixation time, and the secondary outcome is the skin fragment survival rate. In 32 patients, VSD was performed on the bone cement surface to cover the trauma, and 33.2 to 39.8 kPa continuous vacuum sealing drainage was set. The average VSD time duration before soft tissue coverage was 47.87 ± 23.14 days, and the average number of VSD use was 7.18 ± 3.23. The use of VSD before soft tissue coverage did not cause complications such as negative pressure could not be maintained, vacuum sealing drainage was not smooth, skin blistering, trauma. Among the 32 patients, 12 cases of soft tissue coverage were followed by trauma free skin grafting with packing + VSD, and 20 cases were fixed with packing alone, and the duration of continuous packing and fixation of free skin pieces in the VSD group was significantly less than that in the control group (P = .006). The survival rate was significantly higher than that of the control group (P = .019). VSD in adult patients with chronic osteomyelitis of the extremities combined with soft tissue defects can effectively improve the trauma condition, provide the possibility of second-stage soft tissue coverage, and significantly shorten the preparation time for soft tissue coverage. In addition, when soft tissue coverage trauma is performed, VSD combined with skin graft packing technique can significantly improve the survival rate of skin pieces, shorten the time of skin graft fixation.