顺铂联合人参皂甙Rg3对荷宫颈癌鼠血管生成的抑制作用

目的探讨人参皂甙Rg3(简称Rg3)与顺铂联合应用对人宫颈癌动物模型中肿瘤的生长及其对肿瘤血管生成的影响。方法采用人宫颈癌HeLa细胞株接种于28只雌性裸鼠,随机均分成4组：即（1）生理盐水对照组;（2）顺铂（DDP）组;（3）人参皂甙Rg3组;（4）人参皂甙Rg3与顺铂联合组。各组用药时间均为5周,35天后脱颈处死。分别检测肿瘤的重量,并计数肿瘤内微血管密度(MVD)。结果Rg3组、DDP组及联合组对原位种植肿瘤的生长有明显的抑制作用,联合治疗组抑制肿瘤生长的作用明显优于单纯组;且Rg3及联合治疗组MVD也明显低于DDP组及对照组。结论Rg3与DDP联合应用能抑制人移植性宫颈癌的生长,降低肿瘤内的MVD,抑制宫颈癌肿瘤血管生成。     

人参皂甙Rg3诱导细胞凋亡作用的研究

目的观察人参皂甙Rg3对小鼠肝癌淋巴结转移模型中肿瘤细胞凋亡的诱导作用，探讨人参皂甙Rg3抗肿瘤淋巴结转移的机制。方法建立小鼠肝癌淋巴结转移模型；利用免疫组化方法观察原发瘤及转移瘤各组（Rg3预防组，Rg3治疗组，Rg3与顺铂联合治疗组，顺铂治疗组及对照组）中肿瘤细胞的凋亡。结果在原发和转移瘤中，对照组Bcl-2高表达，Bax低表达，Bcl-2在人参皂甙Rg3预防组、Rg3治疗组、Rg3与顺铂联合治疗组，顺铂治疗组中是低表达，明显低于对照组（P〈0．05），Bax明显高于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论人参皂甙Rg3抗肿瘤细胞淋巴结转移的作用与诱导细胞凋亡有关。     

人参皂甙Rg3抑制小鼠肝癌淋巴道转移作用及其对免疫功能的影响

目的：观察人参皂甙Rg3抑制小鼠肿瘤生长及抗淋巴结转移的作用及对免疫功能的影响。方法：以Hca-F25//6A3-F（F）接种于615近交系小鼠，建立肝癌淋巴道转移动物模型，分为5组：Rg3预防组（接种肿瘤前给Rg3）、Rg3治疗组（Rg3）、阳性对照组（PDD）、联合治疗组（Rg3＋PDD）和阴性对照组（生理盐水），比较各组的原发瘤抑制率和转移淋巴结抑瘤率，并通过流式细胞仪方法分析各组免疫指标CD4／CD8的变化。结果：联合治疗组原发瘤的抑瘤率明显提高，与阴性对照组相比具有统计学上明显差异（P〈0．05）；淋巴结转移抑制率含Rg3组均较阴性对照组高；Rg3预防组和Rg3治疗组CD4／CD8比值与阴性对照组相比升高，具有统计学上明显差异（P〈0．05）。结论：人参皂甙Rg3具有明显的抗肿瘤作用，可以增强化疗药物PDD的抗癌作用，及抑制淋巴道转移作用，并提高荷瘤小鼠免疫功能。     

人参皂甙Rg3 抑制肿瘤新生血管形成机制研究

 目的　人参皂甙 Rg3抑制肿瘤新生血管的机制。方法　采用鸡胚 CAM和小鼠 Lewis肺癌模型及免疫组化方法探讨 Rg3抑制新生血管形成的机制。结果　Rg3浓度为 0 .1 m M、0 .5 m M时 ,抑制鸡胚 CAM的血管指数 (BI)分别达到 6 2 .4%、45 .6 %。而给予小鼠 Rg3灌胃剂量分别为 5、1 0、2 0 mg/kg/隔日 ,连续 2 0天后 ,观察到 3组的抑瘤率分别为 2 3.0 4%、31 .30 %、47.1 0 % ,同时观察到 Rg3组的新生血管数也明显减少。免疫组化证实 Rg3可明显抑制肿瘤组织内 b FGF的表达。结论　Rg3可明显抑制 Lewis肺癌的生长并抑制了肿瘤新生血管形成。     

人参皂甙Rg3和核糖核酸酶抑制因子转基因对小鼠黑色素瘤的抑制作用研究

目的观察人参皂甙Rg3和核糖核酸酶抑制因子(RI)转基因对小鼠B16黑色素瘤肺转移的抑制作用和影响,探讨人参皂甙Rg3和RI抗肿瘤生长和转移作用的分子机制。方法制备转RI基因的B16黑色素瘤肺转移小鼠模型,对野生型对照组(W组)、空质粒转染组(B组)和RI转基因组(RI组)以及给予Rg3的野生型对照组(Rg3/W组)、空质粒转染组(Rg3/B组)和RI转基因组(Rg3/RI组)中,荷瘤小鼠肺重量、肿瘤转移灶数目、生存期和肿瘤组织微血管密度进行检测和分析。结果Rg3和RI转基因使荷瘤小鼠肺重量降低,肿瘤转移灶数目减少,其肺重量降低和肿瘤转移灶数目减少的程度以Rg3/RI组最明显,Rg3/B组、Rg3/W组和RI组次之,与W组和B组差异有显著性(P<0.01),Rg3和RI有一定的协同性。Rg3和RI可延长荷瘤小鼠的生存期,Rg3/RI组小鼠在观察期(1.5个月)内均存活,W组和B组小鼠全部死亡(至26d),且出现死亡的时间较早。经HE染色和第Ⅷ因子相关抗原的免疫组化分析显示,Rg3和RI使肺内瘤组织的微血管密度降低,降低的程度为Rg3/RI组>Rg3/B组>Rg3/W组>RI组>B组>W组。结论人参皂甙Rg3可增强RI转基因对小鼠黑色素瘤肺转移的抑制作用,人参皂甙Rg3和RI基因在抗肿瘤生长、转移及血管生成方面有协同作用。     

三苯氧胺联合人参皂苷Rg3抑制乳腺癌血管生成的研究

目的：研究三苯氧胺（tamoxifen，TAM）联合人参皂苷R0对乳腺癌肿瘤血管生成的影响，并观察其抑瘤效果。方法：以荷MCF-7乳腺癌裸鼠为模型，分别给予TAM、雌二醇（estradiol，E2）、人参皂苷Rg3、TAM联合人参皂苷Rg3及9％氯化钠溶液灌胃，观察肿瘤生长情况，免疫组织化学染色计数肿瘤微血管密度（microvascular density，MVD），PT-PCR法检测血管内皮生长因子（vascular endothelial growth factor，VEGF）表达。结果：E2处理组的肿瘤生长迅速，而TAM治疗组肿瘤生长受到抑制，合用人参组皂苷Rg3时抑瘤效果更显著（P〈0．05）。与9％氯化钠溶液对照组相比，E2组MVD升高，而TAM组和人参皂苷Rg3组的MVD及VEGF mRNA表达均下降，二者合用时MVD和VEGF mRNA表达下降更明显（P〈0．05）。结论：TAM可抑制乳腺癌肿瘤血管生成，与人参皂苷Rg3联合应用显示出抗血管生成协同作用，可有效抑制乳腺癌肿瘤生长。     

人参皂甙Rg3在小鼠肝癌淋巴结转移模型中诱导细胞凋亡的作用

目的:观察人参皂甙Rg3对小鼠肝癌淋巴结转移模型中肿瘤细胞凋亡的诱导作用,探讨人参皂甙Rg3抗肿瘤淋巴结转移的机制.方法:建立小鼠肝癌淋巴结转移模型;光镜和透射电镜下观察各组(Rg3预防组、Rg3治疗组、Rg3与顺铂联合治疗组、顺铂治疗组及对照组)中原发瘤及转移瘤组织的形态学结构改变,并通过流式细胞仪分析肿瘤细胞的凋亡.结果:Rg3预防组及治疗组电镜下(5份样品)可见较多细胞凋亡小体的形成(5/5,4/5);顺铂治疗组的形态改变以细胞破坏为主,凋亡的细胞较少;联合治疗组细胞的凋亡和坏死程度相当.流式细胞学检测分析结果为:Rg3预防组、治疗组及联合治疗组均见细胞凋亡的特征峰(5/5),而顺铂治疗组为1/5,对照组未见凋亡峰(0/5).结论:人参皂甙Rg3抗肿瘤细胞淋巴结转移的作用与诱导细胞凋亡有关.     

IP-10质粒联合吉西他滨抗肿瘤作用的实验研究

背景与目的:IP鄄10是α趋化因子家族成员,IP鄄10具有抗肿瘤血管作用,表现为抑制新生血管分化成毛细血管。研究表明,化疗与抗肿瘤血管治疗结合具有协同作用。本研究拟用IP鄄10质粒与化疗药物吉西他滨联合治疗肿瘤,观察其抗肿瘤作用。方法:质粒pBLAST鄄IP鄄10转化至大肠杆菌中,经扩增后,制备并纯化质粒。采用BALB/c及C57BL/6小鼠,分别建立H22肝癌及Lewis肺癌肿瘤模型。IP鄄10质粒及生理盐水肌肉注射,吉西他滨腹腔注射。收集小鼠血清,ELISA方法检测血清中IP鄄10蛋白表达;观察肿瘤体积变化、小鼠存活期及不良反应;肿瘤组织微血管免疫组化染色,确定微血管密度;TUNEL法检测肿瘤组织中细胞凋亡。结果:IP鄄10质粒肌注后小鼠血清中IP鄄10蛋白表达于第2周达高峰[(16.8±3.6)ng/ml],至第5周仍持续有较高水平表达[(14.0±2.1)ng/ml]。IP鄄10质粒联合吉西他滨组小鼠肿瘤体积较对照组显著受抑甚至消退,在接种肿瘤细胞后第9周联合给药组小鼠存活率为90%,明显高于其他各组(IP鄄10质粒组55%,吉西他滨组以及生理盐水组为0%)(P<0.005);各组小鼠均未出现明显的不良反应。肿瘤组织内微血管密度在联合给药组为15.8±2.4,显著低于其它各组(IP鄄10组45.6±2.0,吉西他滨组50.2±3.5和生理盐水组51.3±3.0)(P<0.01)。在接种肿瘤细     

人参皂甙Rg3对荷瘤及环磷酰胺化疗小鼠黏膜免疫力影响

[目的]观察人参皂甙Rg3对肿瘤化疗肠道黏膜损伤的治疗作用及其黏膜免疫机制。[方法]运用给小鼠原位接种C-26结肠癌并重复灌胃环磷酰胺建立肿瘤化疗肠道黏膜损伤的模型，观察人参皂甙Rg3对瘤重、抑瘤率及PP结面积影响，分离肠上皮内淋巴细胞，固有层淋巴细胞及PP结内的淋巴细胞，用免疫荧光染色及流式细胞仪分析黏膜免疫各部位T淋巴细胞亚群的变化。[结果]环磷酰胺组瘤重显著降低，抑瘤率约为37.6%,而环磷酰胺加Rg3组瘤重与环磷酰胺组比较差异无显著性。荷瘤及环磷酰胺都可显著降低PP结而积，而人参皂甙Rg3可明显减轻环磷酰胺对PP结面积的影响（P＜0.01）。人参皂甙Rg3可使荷瘤和环磷酰胺作用下显著减少的固有层淋巴细胞中的CD4^＋细胞百分比显著增加（P＜0.05），但对CD8^＋细胞百分比无明显影响。[结论]荷瘤及环磷酰胺可明显抑制肠道黏膜免疫功能，而人参皂甙Rg3能明显改善这种黏膜免疫抑制状态。人参皂甙Rg3对黏膜免疫的调节作用是扶正中药发挥作用的重要途径之一。     

人参皂苷Rg3抗肿瘤作用机制研究进展

人参有效化学成分20(R)-人参皂苷Rg3作为传统中药具有明显抗肿瘤作用,也是我国自行开发的第一个在临床应用的抗肿瘤转移复发一类中药抗癌新药参一胶囊的主要活性成分.本文从Rg3促肿瘤细胞凋亡、抑制肿瘤细胞增殖和侵袭转移、抑制肿瘤血管生成、逆转肿瘤多药耐药、影响肿瘤细胞信号传导相关基因表达、增强免疫能力等方面,综述近年来有关Rg3抗肿瘤作用机制的研究进展.     

Inhibitory effect of ginsenoside Rg3 combined with gemcitabine on angiogenesis and growth of lung cancer in mice

Background  

Ginsenoside Rg3, a saponin extracted from ginseng, inhibits angiogenesis. The combination of low-dose chemotherapy and anti-angiogenic inhibitors suppresses growth of experimental tumors more effectively than conventional therapy or anti-angiogenic agent alone. The present study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of low-dose gemcitabine combined with ginsenoside Rg3 on angiogenesis and growth of established Lewis lung carcinoma in mice.     

人参皂苷Rg3对小鼠肺腺癌移植瘤生长抑素受体表达的调控及意义

目的:探讨人参皂苷Rg3对肺腺癌小鼠移植瘤生长和转移的抑制作用及其可能的机制.方法:接种Lewis细胞构建高转移肺腺癌小鼠移植瘤模型,随机分为对照组(0.9％氯化钠溶液)、顺铂(cisplatin,DDP)组和人参皂苷Rg3组;肿瘤细胞接种后4d给予相应药物干预,接种后24 d处死小鼠,剥离皮下肿瘤并取出肺组织,计算抑瘤率和肺表面结节转移抑制率;应用免疫组织化学法检测移植瘤组织中生长抑素受体( somatostatin receptor,SSTR)、血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)和增殖细胞核抗原(proliferation cell nuclear antigen,PCNA)的表达水平,TUNEL法检测移植瘤中肿瘤细胞的凋亡情况.结果:DDP组和人参皂苷Rg3组的抑瘤率分别为39.20％和54.86％ (P＜0.01).DDP组和人参皂苷Rg3组的肺表面结节转移抑制率分别为30.25％和58.57％,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).人参皂苷Rg3组中SSTR的表达水平和肿瘤细胞凋亡指数高于对照组和DDP组(P＜0.01),人参皂苷Rg3组中VEGF的表达水平和PCNA增殖指数低于对照组和DDP组(P＜0.01,P＜0.05).结论:人参皂苷Rg3对肺腺癌小鼠移植瘤的生长和转移具有明显抑制作用,其机制可能与SSTR的过表达有关.     

Combination of low-dose gemcitabine and recombinant quail vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 as a vaccine induces synergistic antitumor activities

Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) has been shown to play a major role in inducing the full spectrum of VEGF biological response which is essential for tumor angiogenesis. We have demonstrated that immunotherapy of tumors with a vaccine based on quail homologous VEGFR-2 (qVEGFR) was effective in providing both protective and therapeutic antitumor immunity in several tumor models in mice. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the combination therapy of low-dose gemcitabine with qVEGFR as a vaccine could inhibit tumor growth to a greater extent. To test this concept, H22 hepatoma and Lewis lung carcinoma models were established in BALB/c mice and C57BL/6 mice, respectively. Mice were treated with either qVEGFR as a protein vaccine, gemcitabine, or both agents together. qVEGFR or low-dose chemotherapy treatment individually resulted in tumor inhibition to a certain extent.Remarkably, the combination therapy resulted in synergistic antitumor activity. Histological examination revealed that there was endothelial deposition of immunoglobulins within tumor tissues from mice treated with vaccine or combination therapy, especially intratumor angiogenesis was suppressed more significantly for the combination group. Also, ELISPOT analysis showed that mice treated with either qVEGFR alone or in combination with low-dose chemotherapy produced similar amount of anti-VEGFR antibody-producing B cells, which suggested that low-dose gemcitabine did not suppress the host's immune response, but potentiated the antitumor activity of the qVEGFR vaccine. Furthermore, TUNEL staining demonstrated a significant increase in the number of TUNEL-positive cells in the combination group compared with those of other groups. The observations may provide a new bio-chemotherapeutic approach for cancer.     

人参皂苷Rg3、索拉非尼和奥沙利铂不同联合方式抗裸鼠肝癌移植瘤血管生成的作用研究

目的 观察人参皂苷Rg3、索拉非尼、奥沙利铂单药及联合对裸鼠人肝癌细胞移植瘤血管生成的作用并探讨其可能机制。 方法 以裸鼠人肝癌转移模型LCI-D20为观察对象,将60只荷瘤裸鼠随机分成8组,分别为人参皂苷Rg3组（A组）、奥沙利铂组（B组）、索拉非尼组（C组）、人参皂苷Rg3+索拉非尼组（D组）、人参皂苷Rg3+奥沙利铂组（E组）、奥沙利铂+索拉非尼组（F组）、人参皂苷Rg3+奥沙利铂+索拉非尼组（G组）和生理盐水对照组（H组）。肿瘤接种第11 d后开始给药,人参皂苷Rg3 5 mg／kg（1天1次）、奥沙利铂5 mg／kg（2天1次）,均用腹腔注射,索拉非尼30 mg／kg（1天1次）灌胃。给药14 d后处死裸鼠,剥离瘤体,检测各组瘤组织中微血管密度（MVD）,免疫组化染色和Western blotting检测各组瘤组织中血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）、缺氧诱导因子（HIF）-1α和VEGF受体（VEGFR）-2的表达。 结果 与H组比较,其余各组MVD均较低（P＜0.01）,VEGF蛋白阳性表达率均较低（P＜0.05）,HIF-1α蛋白阳性表达率均下降,但差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;A组、D组、E组的VEGFR-2蛋白阳性表达率显著低于H组（P＜0.05）。与H组比较,仅A组、B组、C组、D组、E组能显著下调瘤组织中VEGF、HIF-1α和VEGFR-2蛋白的表达（P＜0.05）。 结论 人参皂苷Rg3具有一定的抗血管生成作用,其机制可能与下调VEGF、HIF-1α、VEGFR-2及MVD的表达有关。人参皂苷Rg3分别与索拉非尼、奥沙利铂联合可以增强抗血管生成作用,但三药联合时抗血管生成作用反而减弱,提示可能存在其他抗肿瘤机制,值得进一步研究。     

Enhanced efficacy in anti-tumour activity by combined therapy of recombinant FGFR-1 related angiogenesis and low-dose cytotoxic agent

Fibroblast growth factor receptor-1 (FGFR-1) has been used as a target for anti-angiogeneic therapy of cancer. The strategies of combining anti-angiogenic biotherapy with chemotherapeutic drugs show potential and promise for cancer therapy. In this study, we evaluated the anti-tumour efficacy of chicken FGFR-1 (cFR-1) vaccine combined with low-dose gemcitabine in two mice tumour models. We found that both the cFR-1 vaccine and low-dose gemcitabine can suppress tumour growth to some extent. Remarkably, the combination strategy produces an apparent decrease in tumour volume, microvessel density and tumour cell proliferation, and an increase of apoptosis without obvious side-effects compared with either therapy alone. Moreover, the combination strategy also demonstrated synergistic indices against tumour growth and angiogenesis. Furthermore, auto-antibodies against mouse FGFR-1 were identified. These findings support the idea that the combination strategy synergistically strengthens anti-tumour activity via suppression of tumour angiogenesis without overt toxicity in tumour-bearing mice.     

Antiangiogenic and antitumor effects of tranilast on mouse lung carcinoma cells

We examined the effects of tranilast on tumor angiogenesis, tumor growth and metastasis in the mouse Lewis lung carcinoma and C57BL mouse system. Tranilast significantly reduced the dense capillary network induced by Lewis lung cancer cells in a mouse dorsal air sac angiogenesis model. Intraperitoneal administration of tranilast at 200 mg/kg/day reduced the tumor size of mouse Lewis lung carcinoma to about 63% of that of the control and suppressed pulmonary metastasis in a spontaneous system. Immunohistochemistry revealed that tranilast reduced the tumor vascularity and increased apoptosis of the tumor cells in vivo. Tranilast potentiated the inhibition of the tumor growth induced by cyclophosphamide, cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II), adriamycin and vindesine in vivo. These results suggest that tranilast has antiangiogenic and antitumor effects and might have possible therapeutic applications.     

人参皂苷Rg3胶囊联合化疗治疗中晚期非小细胞肺癌的疗效观察

目的观察人参皂苷Rg3对非小细胞肺癌患者血清VEGF水平及疗效的影响。方法选择ⅢB期不可手术切除的患者人组,实验组给予化疗同时口服Rg320mg,每日二次口服,用药2个疗程;对照组单纯给予化疗。用药结束后,观察患者血清VEGF、CEA水平变化情况,患者生活质量改善情况及毒副反应。结果用药2个疗程后,实验组患者血清VEGF水平明显下降为（315．7±15．2）pg／mL,CEA水平明显下降者占78％,生活质量KPs评分明显改善者为74．6％,毒副反应发生率明显减低,与对照组相比较均有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。结论对于ⅢB期不可手术切除非小细胞肺癌患者,给予化疗同时口服人参皂苷Rg3治疗,可抑制肿瘤新生血管的形成,增加抑瘤效果,改善患者生活质量。     

Antitumor efficacy of combination of interferon-gamma-inducible protein 10 gene with gemcitabine,a study in murine model

Background

Interferon-γ-inducible protein 10 (IP-10) is a potent inhibitor of tumor angiogenesis. It has been reported that the antiangiogenic therapy combined with chemotherapy has synergistic effects.

Methods

To elucidate the mechanisms of IP-10 gene combined with a chemotherapy agent, we intramuscularly injected pBLAST-IP-10 expression plasmid combined with gemcitabine into tumor-bearing mice.

Results

The proliferation of endothelial cells was effectively inhibited by IP-10 combined with gemcitabine in vitro. Treatment with pBLAST-IP-10 twice a week for 4 weeks combined with gemcitabine 10 mg/kg (once a week) resulted in sustained high level of IP-10 protein in serum, inhibition of tumor growth and prolongation of the survival of tumor-bearing mice. Compared with administration of IP-10 plasmid or gemcitabine alone, the angiogenesis in tumors were apparently inhibited, and the numbers of apoptotic cells and lymphocytes in tumor increased in the combination therapy group.

Conclusion

Our data indicate that the gene therapy of antiangiogenesis by intramuscular delivery of plasmid DNA encoding IP-10 combined with gemcitabine has synergistic effects on tomor by inhibiting the proliferation of endothelail cells, inducing the apoptosis of tumor cells, and recruiting lymphocytes to tumor in murine models. The present findings provided evidence of antitumor effects of genetherapy combined with chemotherapy.